10,000 Famous Freemasons by William R. Denslow

10,000 FAMOUS

FREEMASONS

WILLIAM R. DENSLOW

Volume III

K - P

Foreword by

HARRY S. TRUMAN, P.G.M.
Past Master, Missouri Lodge of Research

Published by
Macoy Publishing & Masonic Supply Co., Inc.
Richmond, Virginia

Copyright, I957, William R. Denslow

Carl Kaas Norwegian lawyer and grand master of the Grand Lodge of Norway since 1957. b. in 1884. He played an important part in securing the return of the many valuable articles and library belonging to the grand lodge which had been removed by the Germans during WWII.

Harry G. Kable (1880-1952) President of Kable Bros. 1931-49. b. July 15, 1880 in Lanark, Ill. He was with the Mount Morris News and Gospel Messenger, Mount Morris, Ill. from 1896-98. In 1898 with his twin brother, Harvey J., purchased the Mount Morris Index. Since 1905 it has specialized in the printing of periodicals and magazines. Member of Samuel H. Davis Lodge No. 96, Mt. Morris, Ill. 32° AASR (NJ) and Shriner. d. July 2, 1952.

Howard W. Kacy President of Acacia Mutual Life Ins. Co. b. Sept. 19, 1899 in Huntington, Ind. Graduate of U. of Indiana. Admitted to the bar in 1921. He has been with Acacia Mutual since 1923, successively as counsel, general counsel, vice president, 1st vice president, executive vice president, and president since 1955. Director since 1935. Mason and member of DeMolay Legion of Honor.

Benjamin B. Kahane Motion picture executive. b. in Chicago in 1891. Graduate of Chicago Kent Coll. of Law in 1912, and practiced in Ill. until 1919. From 1919-32 he was general counsel of Radio-Keith-Orpheum. He was president of RKO Pictures from 1932-36, and since 1936 has been vice president and executive producer of Columbia Pictures Corp., Los An-geles. He is vice president and director of Association of Motion Picture Producers, Inc. and Southern California Enterprises, Inc. Member of Mount Olive Lodge No. 506 of Los Angeles, affiliating with it on March 4, 1936 from Covenant Lodge No. 526, Chicago, Ill.

Richard B. Kahle President of Eastern States Petroleum Co., Inc. since 1932. b. Nov. 5, 1892 in Lima, Ohio. Graduate of Allegheny Coll. in 1913. Worked as a civil engineer with Pennsylvania Railroad, City of Lima, Ohio, Standard Oil of New Jersey, and Imperial Oil Co. From 1923-29 he was president of Louisiana Oil Refining Corp. and president of Beacon Oil Co. 1926-30. Mason, 32° AASR Knight Templar.

Julius Kahn (1861-1924) Actor and U.S. Congressman to 56th and 57th Congresses (1899-1903) and 59th to 67th Congresses (1905-23) from 4th Calif. dist. b. Feb. 28, 1861 in Kuppenheim, Grand Duchy of Baden. He went to Calif. in 1866. After leaving school, he entered the theatrical profession playing with Edwin Booth, q.v., Joseph Jefferson, q.v., and other notables of the day. He returned to San Francisco in 1890, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1894. He served a term in the state legislature. In congress he was a leader in securing passage of the selective draft act in extra session. Made member in St. Cecile Lodge No. 568 in 1888 while in the theatrical profession. d. Dec. 18, 1924.

1836, a descendant of one of the chief families of the Sandwich Islands. He received a good education and spoke English. When King Kamehameha V, q.v., died in 1872, he was a candidate for the throne, but his opponent, William Lunalilo, was elected and confirmed by the legislature. Lunalilo died within a year and in Feb., 1874, Kalakaua was elected to the throne by a legislature convened for that purpose. Ex-Queen Emma, the rival candidate, received six votes to his 36. The partisans of Queen Emma provoked disorders, which were quelled by the intervention of English and American marines. In the fall of 1874 Kalakaua set out on a tour of the U.S. and Europe. He was taken to San Francisco on a steam frigate, placed at his disposal by the American government, arriving Nov. 28. On this tour, he visited lodges in Washington, New York, Boston, and Chicago. In New York City he witnessed the third degree conferred in New York Lodge No. 330 with the grand officers in attendance, Dec. 30, 1874. In Chicago he accepted the invitation of Oriental Lodge No. 33 on Jan. 15, 1875 to witness another third. On this occasion his brother-in-law John 0. Dominis, q.v., governor of the island of Oahu, was with him. John Wentworth, ex-mayor of Chicago and U.S. congressman, also spoke at this meeting. After lodge, the king entertained the officers of the lodge at the Grand Pacific Hotel. Kalakaua was a member of Lodge Le Progress de l'Oceanie No. 124 (under AASR jurisdiction, later No. 371 under Calif.). He received the degrees March 25, May 4, and July 28, 1859. On Dec. 27, 1875 he was installed as master of the lodge, serving for a year. He was exalted in Honolulu Chapter No. 1, RAM., Feb. 5, 1874, and was high priest in 1883. He was knighted in Honolulu Commandery No. 1, K.T., Feb. 25, 1874, and was commander of same in 1877-78. He received the 4th to 32nd degrees of the AASR (SJ) in July and August, 1874; KCCH May 31, 1876; and 33° honorary at Iolani Palace, Honolulu, July 14, 1878 at the hands of his brother-in-law Prince John 0. Dominis, q.v. He was a charter member of Kamehameha Lodge of Perfection No. 1; Nuuanu Chapter Rose Croix No. 1 and Alexander Liholiho Council of Kadosh No. 1. He served as orator of the lodge 1885-87; master of the chapter, 1874-78, and first sub-preceptor of the council from 1888 until his death. He ran into trouble with Albert Pike when he visited Europe in 1881. The deputy for Hawaii had requested letters to several foreign supreme councils which were given. The king seemingly snubbed that rite in Belgium, Portugal, and England, where "he permitted himself to receive the courtesies and hospitalities of the Knights of the Order of the Red Cross of Constantine in Scotland only, finding no time to receive those of the supreme councils of our rite." Pike then directed a bulletin of apology (July 15, 1882) to all AASR members "over the surface of the Globe." King Kalakaua died Jan. 20, 1891 in the Palace Hotel of San Francisco, while on a visit to this country. He had attended a reception in his honor by the Shrine on the 14th against the advice of his doctor.

Baron Johann Kalb (see under de Kalb.) Samuel Kalisch (1851-1930) Justice, Supreme Court of New Jersey, 1911-25. b. April 18, 1851 in Cleveland, Ohio. Graduate of Columbia U. in 1870, and practiced law in Newark, N.J. Received degrees in Oriental Lodge No. 51, Newark, N.J. in 1897; 32° AASR in Jersey City, N.J. d. April 29, 1930.

Max Kalish (1891-1945) Sculptor. b. March 1, 1891 in Poland and brought to U.S. in childhood. Studied

2 King Kamehameha V sculpture in Cleveland, New York City, and Paris. Represented in National Gallery of Art, Washintgon, D.C. by The Christ and Torso; Cleveland Museum of Art with Labor at Rest; Newark, N.J. Museum with Ecstasy; Canajoharie (N.Y.) Museum with Laborer; Amherst Coll. Museum with Man of Power; many works in private collections including 25 in Dr. C. A. Muncaster's of Cleveland. Initiated in Golden Square Lodge No. 679, Cleveland, Ohio, April 27, 1925; 32* AASR. d. March 18, 1945.

Howard S. Kambestad Vice President of Montgomery Ward & Co. b. Kerkhoven, Minn. Jan. 13, 1910. Was auditor and office manager of National Biscuit Co., 1933-41, and assistant general manager TWA Airlines, 194143. With Montgomery Ward since 1943 as assistant comptroller, treasurer, and vice president since 1955. Mason.

King Kamehameha IV (1834-1863) King of Hawaii, 1854-63. Name was Alexander Liholiho, nephew of Kamehameha III. He introduced the use of the English language in Hawaiian schools. He assumed the throne at the age of 20. On Jan. 14, 1857 he was initiated and passed in the Lodge Le Progress de l'Oceanie No. 124 (under AASR jurisdiction, later No. 371 under Calif.). His raising was deferred until Feb. 8 of that year, at which time he passed his examination in open lodge in full on the two degrees he had taken, to the surprise and admiration of the brethren present. R. G. Davis, master of the lodge at the time, wrote: "Seldom have I witnessed the impressive ceremonies of this degree conducted with such solemnity. The candidate, divested of all regal honors, standing before a large assembly of brethren, many of them decorated with rich jewels, and all in Masonic clothing, gave the lodge a striking appearance and left an impression on our minds not soon to be effaced. It was a lesson in humility.” The lodge was closed at 11 p.m. and the brethren repaired to the king's palace where they were entertained in a truly royal manner. At five minutes after midnight, they toasted the king's 22nd birthday. Kamehameha took immediate interest in Masonic activities. He was installed as junior warden, Sept. 9, 1857, and as master the following January. He served as master for three years. A crowning act of his reign, and a monument to him, was the founding of the Queen's Hospital, the cornerstone of which he laid, July 17, 1860, with Masonic ceremonies. He died Nov. 30, 1863 when but 29, and was given a Masonic burial. Alexander Liholiho Council of Kadosh No. 1, AASR (SJ) of Honolulu is named in his honor.

King Kamehameha V (1830-1872) King of Hawaii, 1863-72, and first Hawaiian to be made a Freemason. Older brother of King Kamehameha IV, q.v. He was the last of a direct line of Sandwich Island kings. He promulgated his own constitution in 1864 to supersede the one of 1852. During his reign the Molokai Leper Settlement was established (1864). His petition was read in Hawaiian Lodge No. 21 (under Calif.), June 10, 1853. He was elected June 13, initiated June 15, passed Dec. 8, 1853, and raised on Feb. 27, 1854. At this time -he was Prince Lot Kamehameha. On Jan. 14, 1857 he was present with many other dignitaries in Lodge Le Progress de l'Oceanie No. 124 (under AASR constitution) when his brother King Kamehameha IV was initiated. Unfortunately for Freemasonry, this evening marked the Masonic turning point for the future king. The two lodges not being in fraternal relations, charges were preferred against Lot Kamehameha, and two other brethren of Hawaiian Lodge, for visiting Le Progress in violation of an interdict imposed by Calif. He was tried, Feb. 25, 1857, and although found guilty, was upon due consideration excused from punishment. This no doubt rankled the royal personage, because, March 2, 1857, a dimit was received from him by Hawaiian Lodge, and on motion, was accepted. Lot Kamehameha, from that time on, never affiliated with a lodge. He was always treated as a Mason and upon his death, the funeral service of the Craft was read over his remains. The minutes of Jan. 18, 1873, show that the master of Hawaiian Lodge No. 21 invited the brethren and officers of the Lodge Le Progress to assist in the funeral of Kamehameha V.

M. F. Kanan Captain, Union Army in Civil War, who was the first commander of the first G.A.R. post. It was established April 6, 1866 at Decatur, Ill. He was a member of Macon Lodge No. 8, Decatur, Ill.

Elisha Kent Kane (1820-1857) Physician and early Arctic explorer. b. Feb. 20, 1820 in Philadelphia, Pa. Was graduated from U. of Pennsylvania in 1842 with medical degree, and entered U.S. Navy June 21, 1843, as assistant surgeon. He served in China, Africa, and the Mediterranean, and was wounded while on special service in Mexico. In 1850 he urgently requested to be relieved of duty so that he might accompany the De-Haven expedition to the Arctic (better known as the Henry Grinnell expedition). He prepared for sailing in two days and was surgeon on the ship Advance. The expedition was to search for the English explorer, Franklin, and was financed by Henry Grinnell and commanded by Lt. Edwin J. DeHaven. The two vessels (Advance and Rescue) were accepted by congress on May 5, 1850. The expedition accomplished very little, having been caught in the ice pack in Wellington's channel; the ships drifted from Sept., 1850 to June, 1851 before they escaped into Baffin Bay. Kane's medical skill did much to fight scurvy and bring back the party alive. His reputation as an Arctic explorer, however, rests on the second Grinnell expedition, which he commanded. Grinnell, at the solicitation of Lady Franklin, placed the ship Advance under his command. Various scientific societies backed the undertaking, and Kane, himself, spent much of his private means. Congress denied aid, but the U.S. Navy gave its support. He sailed May 30, 1853 with Dr. Isaac I. Hayes, q.v., as surgeon of the expedition. They reached 78° 43' N., the highest latitude ever attained with a sailing vessel. Late in 1854, half the party under a Dane named Peterson, abandoned Kane and the ship in an attempt to reach Upernavic, but after three months of extreme hardship, were forced to return to Kane, who received them kindly. In 1855 Kane was forced to abandon the Advance, which was still frozen in, and finally got out in his small boats, with the aid of the Etah Esquimaux, who had been very friendly. On April 13, 1853 (a little over a month previous to the sailing of his second expedition) Kane received all three degrees in Franklin Lodge No. 134, Philadelphia, a lodge of which his father, John K. Kane, had been master in 1825. On June 17, 1853 after starting the expedition, he was entertained at a reception by Saint John's Lodge, Newfoundland, and was presented with a Masonic - flag. Kane Lodge No. 454 of New York City, famous "explorers' lodge," is named for him. He died in Havana, Cuba, Feb. 16, 1857. A memorial tablet, erected by the grand lodges of New York and New Jersey at the house where he died, was dedicated in Feb., 1922.

Frederick R. Kappel President of American Telephone and Telegraph Co. since 1956. b. Jan. 14, 1902 in Albert Lea, Minn. Graduate of U. of Minnesota in 1924. Started as a service man for Southern Minn. Gas & Electric Co. at Albert Lea in 1922. Went with Northwestern Bell Tele-

4 Benjamin Kavanaugh phone Co. in 1924, and rose to vice president of operations in 1942. In 1949 he became assistant vice president of A.T. & T.; vice president 194953. From 1954-56 he was director and president of Western Electric Co. Member of George W. Liniger Lodge No. 268, Omaha, Nebr., receiving degrees on March 22, April 26 and May 24, 1946. 32° AASR (SJ) and KCCH at Omaha, Nebr.

Karl, Prince of Hesse-Cassel (17441836) Son of Landgrave Frederick II and Mary, daughter of King George II of England. He became a Mason in 1775, and in 1786 assumed the title of provincial grand master for Denmark. In 1792 he was grand master general of Denmark. His position was recognized by the Grand Lodge of England in 1793, when he was appointed provincial grand master of Denmark and Norway. He participated fully in the maelstrom of rites, orders, and degrees flourshing at that time and was connected with the continental Rosicrucians. During the decline of the strict observance rite, he founded several lodges which were considered as clandestine. He maintained his interest in Masonry and allied subjects until his death in 1836, at the age of 92. He received his appointment as grand master general from Christian VII, q.v., King of Denmark. He was followed in this office - by the crown prince who later became Christian VIII, q.v.

Karl August (1757-1828) Duke of Saxe-Weimar, 1758-1815, and grand duke, 1815-28. Educated by his mother, Amalia. He made the acquaintance of Goethe, q.v., in 1774, and remained his lifelong friend. His court was the center of German literary leaders including Goethe, Schiller, Herder, Wieland and others. He joined the Prussian army in 1786, and remained until Jena in 1806. He joined the coalition against the French in 1813-15, and was influential at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. He was an advanced liberal in politics. He was initiated in the Lodge "Amalia" in 1782.

Karl Ludwig Friedrich (17411816) Duke of Mecklemburg-Strelitz, 1794-1815. Entered the English army and became a lieutenant general and governor of Hanover. He was initiated in 1766, and entered the rite of strict observance in 1767, becoming Superior et Protector Ordinis of Hanover in 1772. In 1780, after the decline of the strict observance, he entered regular Freemasonry anew and was elected patron of the United Grand Lodges of Brunswick in the duchy of Mecklemburg. In 1806 he was appointed English provincial grand master in the province of Hanover, and he there formed one of the rare Royal Arch chapters that existed in Germany.

Karl Wilhelm Friedrich (17361806) Margrave of BrandenburgAnspach. He was initiated in 1754, and in 1766 signed the act of strict observance in favor of unknown superiors. After 1769 he transferred the lodge Zur Sonne from Bayreuth to Anspach.

Benjamin Kavanaugh (1805-1888) Missionary to the Indians and first grand master of Grand Lodge of Wisconsin. Born in Kentucky, he was a versatile man who was by turn a bookbinder, a tanner, a flatboat-man, a preacher, an editor, an author of books on astronomy and geology, and finally a physician. He entered the fraternity at the insistence of his mother. He was raised by the grand master of Kentucky in Winchester in 1840, and affiliated with Naphtali Lodge No. 25, St. Louis Mo.-in 1841. While there he established a mission to the Sioux and Chippewa Indians under the Illinois Conference of the Methodist church, and settled in Platteville, Wis. with his family. On Jan. 10, 1843 a charter for Melody lodge of that city (No. 2) from the

5 Stuart E. Kay Grand Lodge of Missouri, named him master. In 1844-45 he became the first grand master of the Grand Lodge of Wisconsin, but moved to Kentucky in the second year of his term. During the Civil War he served as a chaplain and surgeon with the Confederate Army, being a resident of Texas at that time. d. July 3, 1888 in Boonsboro, Ky. He was buried at Mt. Sterling, Ky. and in 1936 the Grand Lodge of Wisconsin erected a monument to him there.

Stuart E. Kay Vice President and Director of International Paper Co. b. Nov. 30, 1896 in Montreal, Canada. Graduate of McGill U. in 1921. He came to the U.S. in 1922 and was naturalized in 1945. Has been with International Paper since 1922; manager in charge of manufacturing since 1937, vice president since 1951, and director from 1956. He is also a director of the Montague Machine Co., Kay Mfg. Co., Ltd., Arizona Chemical Co., and Androscoggin Reservoir Co. Served with Canadian army overseas in WWI. Mason.

Victor C. Kays President of Arkansas State College, Jonesboro, Ark., from 1910. b. July 24, 1882 in Magnolia, Ill. Graduate of Northern Ill. State Teachers Coll., U. of Illinois, New Mexico Coll. of Agriculture. Member of Jonesboro Lodge No. 129 and past master of same; exalted in Jonesboro Chapter No. 79 and past high priest; knighted in Ivanhoe Cornmandery No. 18 and past commander. All of Jonesboro, Ark.

Robert H. Kazmayer Lecturer and news commentator. b. Nov., 1908 in Rush, N.Y. Ordained Methodist Episcopal deacon in 1932, elder in 1932, and held pastorates in New York until 1939, when he left the ministry to devote full time to writing and lecturing. He has traveled annually throughout the world, and in the 22 months following Pearl Harbor he covered 35,000 miles in 38 states,speaking in more than 350 towns on Germany, Russia, Japan, and international politics. He was the originator of the Rochester Town Hall of the Air over WHEC, and moderator of it for two years. He conducts a European seminar tour each year. Member of Ancient Craft Lodge No. 943, Rochester, N.Y. receiving degrees on Jan. 26, March 23 and May 31, 1938.

Edmund Kean (1787-1833) Greatest tragedian of his day. b. in London, he made a striking success at the Drury Lane Theatre as Shylock, Jan. 26, 1814, and followed this with Hamlet, Othello, Iago, Macbeth, Lear, and Richard III. His last stage appearance was March 12, 1833. Member of St. Mark's Lodge No. 102, Glasgow, Scotland.

Hamilton F. Kean (1862-1941) U.S. Senator from New Jersey, 1929-35. b. Feb. 27, 1862 at Ursino, N.J. A farmer and dealer in securities, he was the senior member of Kean, Taylor & Co. investments. He was a director of numerous corporations. He was made a Mason "at sight" and received all three degrees, April 10, 1929, in Essex Lodge No. 49, Elizabeth, N.J. d. Dec. 27, 1941.

Frank G. Kear Electronics engineer and inventor. b. Oct. 18, 1903 in Minersville, Pa. A physicist on staff of National Bureau of Standards, 192833, he was one of the group which developed radio range beacon and first instrument landing equipment for aircraft. He developed the first combined radio beacon and radio telephone transmitter in 1931. He pioneered in the application of directional antennas for broadcasting and participated in the development of the earth inductor compass as applied to air and water navigation. From 1933-41 he was chief engineer of Washington Institute of Technology. He was the engineer in charge of the Empire State Building television project. Raised in Miners-vile Lodge No. 222, Minersville, Pa.

6 R. Ray Keaton in June, 1925; exalted in Schuylkill Chapter No. 159, R.A.M., Minersville; greeted in Adoniram Council No. 2, R. & S.M., Washington, D.C. and knighted in DeMolay Commandery No. 4, Washington. Served as generalissimo of the commandery. Member of National Sojourners at Fort Meade, Md.

Carroll D. Kearns U.S. Congressman, 80th through 85th Congresses from Pa. b. May 7, 1900 in Youngstown, Ohio. Graduate of Chicago Musical Coll. He was a concert artist, (bass-baritone), from 1920-25, appearing in 28 states. From 1920-24 he was a radio artist in Chicago, and a choral and instrumental conductor until 1944. He engaged in the building business in Chicago from 1925-29. He was in the public school systems of Chicago and Greenville, Pa. and head of department of music at Slippery Rock (Pa.) State Teachers Coll., and superintendent of schools at Farrell, Pa. In 1946 he received the American Legion Distinguished Service award. Member of Eureka Lodge No. 290, Greenville, Pa., receiving degrees on Feb. 27, March ?, and April 25, 1939.

Charles C. Kearns (1869-1931) U.S. Congressman, 64th through 71st Congresses (1915-31) from 6th Ohio dist. b. Feb. 10, 1869 at Tonica, Ill. Graduate of Cincinnati Law School and admitted to the bar in 1894. In 1900-01, he was managing editor of the Las Vegas Daily Record (N.M.), and of the Hot Springs Daily Record (Ark.) in 1901-02. Member of Amelia Lodge No. 590, Amelia, Ohio, receiving degrees on Oct. 28, 1919, Sept. 20 and Oct. 19, 1920. d. Dec. 17, 1931.

Henry Kearns President of National U.S. Junior Chamber of Commerce, 1945-46. b. April 30, 1911 in Salt Lake City, Utah. In automobile sales at Pasadena, Calif. from 1933-41. In 1942 he organized and was vice president of the Victory Manufacturing Co., Los Angeles, and has been president and general manager since 1943. Owner of Kearns Car Rental and Orange Oaks Ranch; president of San Gabriel Valley Motors and Rio Hondo Development Co. In 1944 he was designated as the Outstanding Young Man of Calif. Raised May 27, 1937 in Corona Lodge No. 324, Calif. and affiliated with Carmelita Lodge No. 599 (Calif.) on Jan. 8, 1942.

Lawrence Kearny ( 1789- 186 8 ) Commodore, U.S. Navy, who was instrumental in opening up China to U.S. trade in 1844. b. Nov. 30, 1789 in Perth Amboy, N.J. Entered Navy as a midshipman in 1807, serving on the ships Constitution, President, and Enterprise. In the War of 1812 he was assigned to the coastal defense of South Carolina and adjacent states. He later distinguished himself in the West Indies and gulf coast waters, against pirates. Placed in command of the Warren in 1826, he broke up a stronghold of Greek pirates and captured several of their vessels. Made captain on return to U.S. in 1832, and given command of the Potomac. In 1841 he commanded the East India squadron and was active in the suppression of opium smuggling, and secured the rights of American merchants in China. Learning of an impending commercial treaty between the Chinese and England, he demanded the same for the U.S., and as a result such a treaty was ratified, July 1845. In 1843 he stopped at the Hawaiian Islands and there protested against the treaty then in progress to transfer those islands to the British. He was made commodore on the retired list in April, 1867. Kearny was raised in Columbian Lodge, Boston, Mass. on July 12, 1815. d. Nov. 29, 1868.

R. Ray Keaton Director-General of Lions, International, and editor of The Lion since 1950. b. Sept. 11, 1907 in Weatherford, Texas. Received B.A. and M.A. degrees from Southern

7 Harold A. Keats Methodist U. Taught in Weatherford, Tex. high school, 1929-34. From 193439 he was a special representative of Lions, Texas secretary, 1939-45, and assistant secretary general, 1945-50. Member of Phoenix Lodge No. 275, Weatherford, Texas, receiving degrees on June 9, Dec. 23, 1937 and Oct. 27, 1939. Knight Templar and Shriner.

Harold A. Keats National Commander of Amvets, 1948-49. b. Bridgeport, Conn. Oct. 25, 1913. Owner of Harold A. Keats Construction Co., Fort Lauderdale, Fla. since 1936, and The Progress Co., Washington, D.C. since 1949. He was vice commander of the Amvets in 1947, and liaison officer to the White House since 1949. He has been national administrator of the Amvets National Service Foundation since 1949. He succeeded General John J. Pershing, q.v., as U.S. commissioner of American Battle Monuments Commission in 1950. Served in Navy in 1942-45, and on temporary duty in Korea in 1951. Mason, 32° AASR and Shriner.

Charles Keck Sculptor. b. in New York City. Studied at National Academy of Design and American Academy in Rome. In 1899 he was first prize winner in Prix de Rome in open competition. His principal works are: George Washington, Buenos Aires; U.S.S. Maine memorial tablets; Lewis and Clark, Charlottesville, Va.; Stonewall Jackson, Charlottesville, Va.; Booker T. Washington, Tuskegee, Ala.; U.S. Friendship Monument, Rio de Janeiro; Citizen Soldier, Irvington, N.J.; Soldiers' Memorial, Brooklyn, N.Y.; Liberty Monument, Ticonderoga, N.Y.; Sesquicentennial half dollar of Vermont; busts of Elias Howe, Patrick Henry, and James Madison in Hall of Fame, New York U.; Shriners' Peace Monument, Toronto, Canada; Abraham Lincoln, Wabash, Ind.; Charles Aycock, in U.S. Hall of Fame, Washington D.C.; Andrew Jackson, Kansas City, Mo.; James B. Duke, Durham, N.C.; Father Duffy Monument, Times Square, N.Y.; Huey P. Long, at Baton Rouge, La. and Washington, D.C.; sarcophagus of Alfred I. duPont, Wilmington, Del.; Alfred E. Smith, New York City; Harry S. Truman, for Senate wing of U.S. Capitol; and many others. Member of Green-point Lodge No. 403, Brooklyn, N.Y. and Brooklyn Shrine Temple. In 1940 he received the New York Grand Lodge medal for distinguished achievement.

Frank B. Keefe (1887-1952) U.S. Congressman to 76th through 81st Congresses (1939-51) from 6th Wis. dist. b. Sept. 23, 1887. Graduate of U. of Michigan in 1910. Admitted to the bar in that year and began practice in Oshkosh. Member of Oshkosh Lodge No. 27, Oshkosh, Wis. at time of his death, Feb. 5, 1952. Also 32° AASR (NJ) and Shriner.

Walter N. Keener (1880-1932) Newspaper editor. b. Aug. 2, 1880 in Lincoln Co., N.C. Graduate of Wake Forest (N.C.) Coll. Edited many N.C. newspapers including Lincoln County News, Lincolnton; city editor Raleigh Times, 1909-11; managing editor Durham Sun, 1912-13; city editor, Charlotte Chronicle, 1913-14; managing editor High Point Enterprise, 1914-16; editor Wilmington Dispatch, 1917-18; editor in chief Durham Evening Sun from 1929. Mason. d. Nov. 25, 1932.

Hugh L. Keenleyside Canadian diplomat and politician. b. July 7, 1898 in Toronto, Ont., Canada. First secretary of Canadian mission to Japan in 1929-36; counsellor, 1940-41; assistant undersecretary of state for external affairs, 1941-44; Canadian ambassador to Mexico, 1944-47; deputy minister of resources, 1947-50, Canadian delegate to United Nations general assembly, 1946; member of Canadian-U.S. Joint Board of Defense, 1940-45; on staff of Northwest Territories Council, 1941-45; and chairman of council 1947-50. Served with tank group in WWI. Mason.

8 James Kieth Estes Kefauver U.S. Senator from Tennessee since 1948. b. July 26, 1903 in Madisonville, Tenn. Graduate of U. of Tennessee and Yale. In law practice in Chattanooga. Member of 76th 49) from 3rd Tenn. dist. In 1937 re-through 80th U.S. congresses (1939- ceived "Most Outstanding Young Citizen" award from Junior Chamber of Commerce. A defender of the TVA, and original sponsor of legislation to give District of Columbia residents home rule and right to vote. Author of Kefauver Peace Plan to foster cooperation among free peoples. A contender for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1952. Member of Chattanooga Lodge No. 199, Chattanooga, Tenn. and 32° AASR (SJ), in Knoxville Consistory, Chattanooga, Member of Alhambra Shrine Temple and Ben Ali Grotto, both of Chattanooga.

J. Claude Keiper (1869-1944) Secretary of the Grand Masters' Conference from 1027 until his death. b. in St. Nicholas, Pa. Raised in Columbia Lodge No. 3, Washington, D.C., Jan. 16, 1895; he was grand master of the Grand Lodge of District of Columbia in 1911, the centennial year. Noted speaker, Masonic jurist, and historian. Member of York Rite and 33° AASR (SJ). He was head of the Red Cross of Constantine (West). d. in 1944. - Alexander Keith (1795-1873) Canadian philanthropist and legislator. b. Oct. 5, 1795 in Halkirk, Seotland. He learned the brewing trade in Sunderland, England, and founded the brewing business of A. Keith & Sons, Halifax, N.S., in 1820. Served as alderman and mayor of Halifax, 1840-54; on legislative council of Nova Scotia, 1843-73. Was initiated in the Lodge of St. John No. 118 (EC) Sunderland, England on July 23, 1836 and joined Virgin Lodge No. 3, Halifax in 1817; provincial grand master of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and New-foundland, 1840-63 and at the same time provincial grand master of the Grand Lodge of Scotland in Nova Scotia, 1845-66 (two rival bodies). He was grand master of the present Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia, 187073; grand high priest of Grand Chapter R.A.M. of Nova Scotia in 1869; and provincial grand prior, Knights Templar, over the Atlantic provinces in 1863. d. Dec. 14, 1873.

James Keith (?-?) Lieutenant General in Russian Army under Peter II. A Scotsman, he was provincial grand master of Russia under the Grand Lodge of England. He is sometimes confused with his cousin, James Keith, whose brother, John Keith, Earl of Kintore, was grand master in 1740. James was the son of William, 9th Earl of Marischal and brother of George, 10th Earl of Marischal. A great affection existed between the brothers as they were both forced to flee Britian due to their participation in the rebellion on the Pretender's side. Their estates were seized and given to his cousin, John, Earl of Kintore. James entered the services of the king of Spain, but being a staunch Protestant, found that he could not continue in the service of the Roman Catholic king, although the latter appreciated him and recommended him to Peter II of Russia. The Spanish king presented him with a thousand crowns when he left and begged him to return if he found it possible to throw his lot with the Roman Catholic Church. In Feb., 1740, James revisited London, and was presented to George II, whom he acknowledged as his lawful sovereign. He also was present at the communication of the Grand Lodge of England held March 28, 1740 which his cousin, John, the Earl of Kintore, who had received his estates, presided over as grand master. His name is recorded on the minutes as "James Keith, Esq; Lieutenant General in the Service of Russia." His appointment as provincial

9 Clarence B. Kelland grand master of Russia, therefore, would have been at the hands of his cousin, the grand master for 1740-41. He distinguished himself in the Russian wars against the Turks and Sweden. Russian Masons sang a song composed in his honor, praising him for "building the Temple to Wisdom," for "lighting the sacred fire," and for "establishing brotherhood." He was frequently mentioned by Carlyle in his voluminous Life of Frederick the Great.

Clarence B. Kelland Author. b. July 11, 1881 at Portland, Mich. Graduate of Detroit Coll. of Law in 1902. From 1903-07 he was a reporter, political editor, and Sunday editor of the Detroit News. From 1907-15 was editor of The American Boy. He has authored approximately a book per year between 1913 and 1956. His first was Mark Tidd (1913), which was followed by several more of the "Mark Tidd" series. Others have included Scattergood Baines (1921); The Hidden Spring; Valley of the Sun; Sugar-foot; Archibald the Great; This Is My Son; Stolen Goods; The Great Mail Robbery; No Escape; Dangerous Angel; and Murder Makes an Entrance (1956). He was Republican National Committeeman from Arizona in 1940. Raised in Palestine Lodge No. 357, Detroit, Mich., in 1904.

Harry Kellar (1849-1922) Magician. b. July 11, 1849 in Erie, Pa. As a young man he was assistant to the "Fakir of Ava," the magician. In 1867 he joined the Davenport Brothers, spirit mediums, as business manager. With Fay he toured South America and Mexico as "Fay & Kellar" in 1871-73. He was with Ling Look and Yamadura under the name "Kellar, Ling Look & Yamadura, Royal Illusionists," playing through South America, Africa, Australia, India, China, Philippines, and Japan. Both Look and Yamadura died in China in 1877. He was then with J. H. Cunard as"Kellar & Cunard," traveling five years through India, Burma, Siam, Java, Persia, Asia Minor, Egypt, and Mediterranean ports. From 1884 he performed in leading American cities. He was made a Mason in May, 1875 in Lodge Fraternidad y Home at Pelotas, Brazil; received the Royal Arch Degree on the Isle of Mauritius (Port Luis). In 1880 he received the Scottish Rite degrees in Triple Esperance Lodge, Port Luis, Mauritius, and 33° AASR in New York City. d. March 10, 1922.

Kaufman Thuma Keller President of Chrysler Corp., 1935-50, Chairman of Board, 1950-56. Retired. b. Nov. 27, 1885 in Mount Joy, Pa. He found his first job in Pittsburgh at 20 cents an hour, and at times had to borrow on his grandfather's gold watch—which he still has today. He was first an apprentice machinist with Westinghouse, and subsequently assistant superintendent of its automobile engine department; chief inspector of Detroit Metals Products Co.; general foreman of machine shop of Metzger Motor Car Co.; Hudson Motor Car Co. as chief inspector of Maxwell plant; general master mechanic of Buick Motor Co., 1916-19; with General Motors central office at Detroit, 1919-21; vice president of Chevrolet Motor Co., 1921-24; general manager of Canada for same, 1924-26; vice president of Chrysler Corp., from 1926-35. In 1954 he was director of guided missiles in office of Secretary of Defense. Received Gourgas Medal (AASR, NJ) in 1952. Member of Fellowship Lodge No. 490, Flint, Mich., receiving degrees in 1919; later member of Corinthian Lodge No. 241, Detroit (1944) and life member of Cedar Lodge No. 270, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada. Exalted in King Cyrus Chapter No. 133, R.A.M. and knighted in Detroit Commandery No. 1, K.T. 33° AASR (NJ) Valley of Detroit; member of National Sojourners, Moslem Shrine Temple, Boulevard Shrine Club, Walter P..

10 Christopher Kelly Chrysler Shrine Club and St. Clement Conclave No. 39, Red Cross of Constantine, all of Detroit.

William H. Keller (1869-1945) Judge, Superior Court of Pennsylvania, 1919-45. b. Aug. 11, 1869 in Montgomery Co., Md. Graduate of Franklin and Marshall Coll. and George Washington U. Admitted to the bar in 1893, and began practice at Lancaster, Pa. Presiding judge of the superior court from 1935. Member of Lodge No. 43, (no name) Lancaster, Pa., receiving degrees on Jan. 9, Feb. 13 and March 13, 1895. Served as master in 1902. d. Jan. 17, 1945.

Francois Christophe Kellermann (1735-1820) French General; Marshal of France and Duke of Valmy. Of German descent, he commanded the Army of the Moselle in 1792, and cooperated with Dumouriez in defeating the Duke of Brunswick at Valmy on Sept. 20, 1792. Napoleon appointed him senator in 1804, and created him marshal of France and duc de Valmy. Louis XVIII created him a peer in 1814. In 1805 he was Grand Administrateur, 33°, of the Grand Orient of France.

H. Roy Kelley Architect. b. May 2, 1893 in Beacon, N.Y. In independent practice at Los Angeles since 1926. Won first prize in national home design contests in 1927-28-29-30-35, and many honor awards. Has designed many residences, churches, clubs and buildings. Mason.

Alexander, 6th Earl of Kellie Twenty-fourth Grand Master Mason of Scotland (1763-64) and Grand Master of Grand Lodge of England in 1760-65.

Abraham L. Kellogg (1860-1946) Justice, Supreme Court of New York, 1918-30. b. May 1, 1860 in Delaware Co., N.Y. Admitted to N.Y. bar in 1883, and practiced at Oneonta. Director of International Business Machines Corp. from 1934. Member of Oneonta Lodge No. 466, receiving degrees on Oct. 16, Nov 18, Dec. 12, 1890. d. Aug. 25, 1946.

Frank B. Kellogg (1856-1937) Secretary of State under President Coolidge; U.S. Senator; Ambassador to England; Nobel Peace Prize winner and Judge of Permanent Court of International Justice. b. Dec. 22, 1856 in Potsdam, N.Y. He went to Minnesota with his parents in 1865, received a common school education, and was admitted to the bar in 1877. He later received honorary degrees from many universities. Gained fame in prosecution of oil and railroad trusts for the U.S. He was U.S. senator from Minn. from 1917-23, and U.S. ambassador to England in 1924. He served as secretary of state from 1925-29. From 193035 he was judge of the Permanent Court of International Justice, and received the Nobel Prize in 1929. He was a member of Rochester Lodge No. 21, receiving his degrees, April 1, April 19, and May 3, 1880. d. Dec. 21, 1937.

Frederick W. Kellogg (1866-1940) Newspaper publisher. b. Dec. 7, 1866 in Norwalk, Ohio. Associated with Detroit News and Scripps-McRae League from 1887-99. In 1900, with two others, established the Omaha Daily News, St. Paul Daily News, Minneapolis Daily News. From 191925 was part owner of Los Angeles Evening Express. Founded Pasadena Evening Post in 1919. He was president and principal stockholder of the Kellogg Newspapers, Inc., which included papers in the following Calif. cities: Pasadena, Monrovia, Hollywood, Glendale, Santa Monica, Venice, Redondo, Hermosa, San Pedro, Alhambra, and Culver City. Sold all in 1928 and retired. Affiliated with Southern California Lodge No. 278 of Los Angeles on April 2, 1866 from Albert Pike Lodge No. 219, Kansas City, Mo. d. Sept. 5, 1940.

11 James K. Kelly mous work of Samuel Lee entitled The Temple of Solomon, Pourtrayed by Scripture Light. He published it under his name as Solomon's Temple Spiritualized, etc. and prefaced the book with "An Address to All Free and Accepted Masons." The first edition was published at Dublin in 1803. He came to the U.S., and published a second edition in 1820. He was, unfortunately, a Freemason. The thought behind these volumes seems to be founded on John Bunyan's Solomon's Temple Spiritualized.

James K. Kelly (1819-1903) U.S. Senator from Oregon, 1871-77. b. Feb. 16, 1819 in Centre Co. Pa. Received degrees from Princeton in 1839 and 1842. Admitted to Pa. bar in 1842. Went to Calif. in 1849, and to Oregon Territory (Portland) in 1851. In 1852 he was one of the committee of three appointed to draw up the laws of the territory. He served as a volunteer against the Yakima Indians in 1855-56, and was a member of the territorial council in 1853-57. In the latter year he was one of the framers of the Oregon constitution. A member of the state senate in 1860-64, he was chief justice of the supreme court of Oregon from 1879-81. Member of Multnomah Lodge No. 1, Oregon City, Oreg. d. 1903.

Percy IL Kelly (1870-1949) Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Oregon, 1941-42. b. July 13, 1870 in Arlington, Iowa. Admitted to Oregon bar in 1892, and practiced at Albany until 1911. State senator, 1898-1902; circuit judge, 1911-30. Associate justice supreme court of Oregon, 1930-40, chief justice, 1941-42, and associate justice 1943-49. Member of St. Johns Lodge No. 17, Albany, Oreg., receiving degrees on Aug. 6, Sept. 12 and Oct. 16, 1894; master in 1920 and life member. Dual membership in Research Lodge No. 198. d. June 14, 1949.

William Kelly (1770-1832) U.S. Senator from Alabama, 1823-25. b. in Tennessee. He studied law and practiced in Huntsville, Ala., and afterward in Elyton, near what is now Birmingham. About 1831 he moved to New Orleans. Listed as a Mason in the Alabama Grand Lodge proceedings of 1822.

James P. Kern U.S. Senator from Missouri, 1946-52. b. April 2, 1890 in Macon, Mo. Graduate of U. of Mo. in 1910 and Harvard in 1913. Practiced law in Kansas City, Mo. since 1926. Served with Infantry in WWI. Member of Ivanhoe Lodge No. 446, Kansas City, Mo.

Benjamin T. Kemerer (1874-?) Protestant Episcopal Bishop. b. Dec. 9, 1874 at Vernon Center, Minn. He began as editor of a country newspaper at 16, and later proofreader for West Publishing Co. He was then salesman, and advertising manager for Simmons Hardware, St. Louis. In 1903 he became a P.E. deacon, and priest in 1904, serving churches in St. Louis, El Paso, Texas, Duluth, Minn. In 1930 he was elected bishop coadjutor of Duluth, and bishop in 1933. Upon the union of the dioceses of Duluth and Minn. in 1944, he became suffragan bishop of Minn., retiring in 1948. Mason.

Edwin C. Kemp U.S. Consul. b. Aug. 24, 1884 in East Douglas, Mass. Between the years 1914 and 1935 he was American consul at St. Pierre-Miquelon, Marseilles, (France); Tunis; Bucharest; Budapest; Danzig; Havre, (France); Moncton, N.B., (Canada). He was consul general at Winnipeg, Man., 1935-37; Bremen, Germany, 1937-41; Halifax, N.S., 194145; Kingston, Jamaica, 1946-47. Now retired. Initiated in Adair Lodge No. 366, Kirksville, Mo. on May 30, 1910; passed Jan. 5, 1911 and raised Feb. 10, 1911 by request of Sanford Lodge No. 62, Sanford, Fla. Affiliated with St. Petersburg Lodge No. 129, St. Petersburg, Fla. about 1913. Exalted in St.

Samuel B. Kemp (1871-?) Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Hawaii from 1941. b. Dec. 26, 1871 in Austin, Texas. Graduate of U. of Texas in 1900. Practiced first at Austin and then Robert Lee, Texas. Became assistant U.S. attorney of Hawaii in 1916, judge of circuit court in 1917-18, and associate justice of supreme court of Hawaii from 1918-22, and again from 1938-41. From 1937-38 he was attorney general of Hawaii. Affiliated with Le Progres de l'Oceanie Lodge No. 371, Honolulu on April 22, 1918 from Hayrick Lodge No. 696, Texas. Suspended NPD on April 30, 1928.

James L. Kemper (1823-?) Governor of Virginia and Confederate Brigadier General in Civil War. b. June 11, 1823 in Madison Co., Va. In the Mexican War he was a captain in the army; and was a member of the Virginia legislature ten years, during two of which he was speaker of the house. He entered the Confederate service in 1861 as colonel of the 7th Virginia regiment. Commissioned brigadier general in May, 1862, he saw action in many battles, and was severely wounded and captured at Gettysburg. He was elected governor of Virginia in 1874, and at the completion of his term, engaged in planting in Orange Co., Va. Mason. Recorded present at the Grand Lodge of Virginia in 1867.

Amos Kendall (1789-1869) Postmaster General of U.S. from 1835-40. b. Aug. 16, 1789 in Dunstable, Mass. He was graduated from Dartmouth in 1811 at the head of his class. He studied law, and in 1814 moved to Lexington, Ky., where he practiced, and was tutor in the family of Henry Clay, q.v. He became postmaster and editor of a local paper at Georgetown, Ky.; and in 1816 was co-editor and part owner of the Argus of Western America at Frankfort. In politics a Democrat, he received several Federal job appointments and aided in shaping Jackson's, q.v., anti-bank policy. As postmaster general he introduced many reforms and freed the department from debt. He then established two papers, Kendall's Expositor (1841) and Union Democrat (1842), but both were soon discontinued. He became associated with the inventor, Samuel F. B. Morse in 1845, in the ownership of the latter's telegraph patents, and through his management became a rich man. He then retired to Washington, D.C., where he was active in philanthropic works. His original lodge is not known, but on Jan. 15, 1821, he affiliated with Hiram Lodge No. 4, Frankfort, Ky., and later served as its master. Later he affiliated with Mt. Vernon Lodge No. 14, Georgetown, Ky. In 1837 he is listed in the proceedings of the Grand Lodge of the District of Columbia. d. Nov. 11, 1869.

George R. Kendall President of Washington National Insurance Co., 1923-51. b. March 22, 1882 in Jefferson Co., Ky. Was with Prudential Insurance Co. for 10 years as an agent and manager. In 1911 he organized the Washington Life & Accident Ins. Co., which later became Washington National Insurance Co., and was secretary for 12 years. Now chairman of executive committee. Raised in Steubenville Lodge No. 45, Steubenville, Ohio in Feb., 1905; member of Union Chapter No. 15, R.A.M. and Steubenville Commandery No. 11, K.T. both of Steubenville. Member of Medinah Shrine Temple, Chicago, Ill.

Harry R. Kendall (1876-1958) Chairman of Board of Washington National Insurance Co., Chicago since 1926. b. May 21, 1876 in Kentucky. He was superintendent of Prudential Insurance Co. at Louisville for 30 years. President of Fidelity Life and Accident Co., Louisville for three years. Founder and past master of Harry R.

13 Nathan E. Kendall Kendall Lodge No. 750, Louisville, Ky.; first high priest of Highland Chapter No. 150, R.A.M.; member of DeMolay Commandery No. 12, K.T., Louisville, Kosair Shrine Temple. Former member of finance committee, Grand Lodge of Kentucky. Received 33° AASR (SJ) in 1955. d. April 3, 1958.

Nathan E. Kendall (1868-1936) Governor of Iowa, 1921-25. b. March 17, 1868 in Greenville, Iowa. Began law practice at Albia, Iowa in 1887. Member of lower house 1899-1909, and served as speaker his last term. U.S. congressman to 61st and 62nd congresses from 6th Iowa dist. Member of Astor Lodge No. 505, Albia, Iowa and Za Ga Zig Shrine Temple, Des Moines. d. Nov. 1936.

Samuel A. Kendall (1859-1933) U.S. Congressman, 66th through 72nd Congresses (1919-33) from 24th Pa. dist. b. Nov. 1, 1859 in Somerset Co., Pa. He was in the lumber business from 1890. From 1899-1903 he was a member of the lower house. Member of Meyersdale Lodge No. 554, Meyers-dale, Pa., being admitted Aug. 25, 1890. d. Jan. 8, 1933.

Baynard H. Kendrick Author. b. April 8, 1894 in Philadelphia, Pa. President of Trades Publishing Co., Philadelphia, 1928; general manager Peter Clark, Inc., N.Y.C., 1929; general manager Bing & Bing's Hotels, N.Y.C., 1930-31. He has been a free lance writer since 1932, writing books, and for CBS television. Enlisted in Canadian Army within one hour after that country declared war in Aug. 1914. In WWII he was a consultant to the staff of Old Farms Convalescent Hospital for Blinded Veterans, U.S. Army at Avon, Conn. Among his books are Blood on Lake Louisa; The Last Express; The Iron Spiders; The Whistling Hangman; Death Beyond the Go-thru; Blind Man's Bluff; Death Knell; Lights Out; Flames of Time (a Literary Guild selection), and many others. His motion pictures include The Last Express; Eyes in the Night (with Edward Arnold); The Hidden Eye; Bright Victory (Edgar Kennedy and Peggy Dow). Member of Palatka Lodge No. 34, Palatka, Fla.

John Kendrick (1745-1800) Revolutionary War privateer and explorer. b. in Boston about 1745. He later resided in Wareham, Mass. During the revolution he was captain of a privateer and was one of the first American seamen to undertake useful voyages of discovery. In 1787, when commanding the Columbia and the Washington, fitted out by Boston merchants, he explored the northwest coast of America and the islands of the Pacific. He exchanged ships with Capt. Gray, his second in command, and the latter, in a subsequent voyage, discovered the Columbia River. In 1791, with the Washington and Grace, he made a voyage to the South seas with Capt. Douglas. He visited Oceanie and originated and carried on a successful trade in sandalwood with China. His death in Hawaii in 1800 was caused by the accidental firing of a charge of grapeshot from a cannon by an English captain in returning his salute in Sandwich Island waters. He was made a Mason on Dec. 10, 1778 in St. Andrew's Lodge, Boston, Mass.

John B. Kendrick (1857-1933) Governor of Wyoming, 1915-17 and U.S. Senator, 1917-35. b. Sept. 6, 1857 in Cherokee Co., Texas. He was a cattleman in Northern Wyoming and Southern Montana from 1885, and owner of one of the largest cattle ranches in the West. Member of the Wyoming state senate, 1910-14. He was elected governor for term 191519, and was nominated for U.S. senator at the primaries in 1916, although his name did not appear on the ballots. He resigned as governor in Feb., 1917. Kendrick Dam in Wyoming is named for him. Member of Sheridan Lodge No. 8, Sheridan, Wyo., receiv-

ing degrees on Aug. 17 and 23, 1901 and April 9, 1902. Received 32° AASR (SJ) at Cheyenne on June 22, 1911. d. Nov. 3, 1933.

John R. Kenly (1822-?) Union Major General of Civil War. b. 1822 in Baltimore. He was admitted to the bar in 1845. Took part in the Mexican War as a captain and later as major. He practiced law until the Civil War, when he was commissioned colonel in June, 1861, and commanded 1st Maryland regiment. In May, 1862 he is credited with saving the forces of General Banks from capture at Front Royal. He was wounded and taken prisoner in this action, but exchanged on Aug. 15th and made brigadier general on the 22nd of that month (1862). He commanded all the forces in Baltimore, joined McClellan after the battle of Antietam and rendered efficient service at Hagerstown and Harper's Ferry. In 1863 he led the Maryland brigade at the recapture of Maryland Heights, Harper's Ferry. Was breveted major general of volunteers, March 13, 1865. His lodge is not known, but he was a member of Maryland Commandery No. 1, Baltimore, Md. There are two John R. Kenlys on the records of the grand lodge at this time. One, a member of Landmark Lodge No. 127, Baltimore, dimitted on Oct. 10, 1888; and another, a member of Warren Lodge No. 51, also of Baltimore, was suspended NPD on April 9, 1878.

Charles Rann Kennedy (1871-1950) Playwright. b. Feb. 14, 1871 in Derby, England. He became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1917. Largely self-educated, he was an office boy and clerk from 13 to 16, and was a lecturer and writer until he was 26. He then became an actor, press agent, writer of short stories, articles and poems, as well as a theatrical business manager until 1905. From 1905 he did dramatic writing mainly. His first play was The Servant in the House (1908),which had Masonic significance. Others include: The Winterfeast; The Terrible Meek; The Necessary Evil; The Idol-Breaker; The Rib of the Man; The Army With Banners; The Fool From the Hills; The Chastening; The Admiral; The Salutation; and many others. He was raised in Howard Lodge No. 35, New York City, Jan. 22, 1909 and received the honorary 33° AASR (NJ) Sept. 19, 1923. d. Feb. 16, 1950.

Donald S. Kennedy President of Oklahoma Gas & Electric Co. since 1929. b. Jan. 5, 1902 in Rushville, Ind. Graduate U. of Arizona in 1923. He began as a clerk with the Oklahoma Gas & Electric Co. in 1923, and rose through various positions to vice president in 1942, executive vice president in 1948, and president in 1949. Also president of Oklahoma Industries, Inc. 1951-53. Member of Trinity Lodge No. 502, Muskogee, Okla., receiving degrees on May 13, June 13 and July 22, 1937. Was junior steward in 1937. 32° AASR (SJ).

John D. Kennedy (1840-1896) Confederate General of Civil War. b. Jan. 5, 1840 at Camden, S.C. Soldier, lawyer and political leader. Member of Kershaw Lodge No. 29, Camden, S.C. and grand master of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina in 1881-83. d. April 14, 1896 in Camden, S.C.

John T. Kennedy Brigadier General, U.S. Army and holder of Congressional Medal of Honor. b. July 22, 1885 in Hendersonville, S.C. Graduate of U.S. Military Academy in 1908. He advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1942. With the A.E.F. in France, 1917-19. Commander of Fort Bragg, N.C., 1941-45. Retired in 1946. Member of Hancock Lodge No. 311, Ft Leavenworth, Kansas and 32° in Army Consistory No. 1, at Ft. Leavenworth.

15 Sherman S. Kennedy Ky. since 1946. b. Feb. 22, 1897 in Pulaski, Tenn. Graduate of Davidson Coll. in 1918. Admitted to Term. bar in 1924, and practiced at Pulaski until 1933, when he became vice president of the Land Bank. Served with Marine Corps in WWI. Raised in Pulaski Lodge No. 101, Pulaski, Tenn. on Jan. 8, 1925.

Sherman S. Kennedy Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy. b. Sept. 16, 1888 in Saginaw, Mich. Graduate of U.S. Naval Academy in 1909, and received master's degree from Columbia in 1914. Advanced from midshipman in 1909 to rear admiral in 1942. Was at sea from 1909-17, and then in navy yards at Norfolk and Puget Sound. Then served on U.S.S. Virginia and U.S.S. West Virgin. He returned to Puget Sound, and then Cavite, Bureau of Ships, Washington, Mare Island, and Brooklyn. From 1946 he was assistant chief of Bureau of Ships (maintenance). Mason.

T. Blake Kennedy (1874-1957) Federal Judge of District of Wyoming 1921-55. b. April 4, 1874 at Commerce, Mich. Received A.B. and A.M. from Franklin Coll. (now Muskingum) and LL.B. from Syracuse U. Practiced law in Syracuse, N.Y. 1898-1901, and moved to Cheyenne, Wyo. where he practiced until 1921. President Harding appointed him to the Federal bench, Oct. 25, 1921. Prior to his death, he was the oldest Federal judge in point of service. A Member of Cheyenne Lodge No. 1, Cheyenne, Wyo., he received his degrees on July 29, Aug. 26 and Nov. 18, 1902. He served as grand master of Wyoming in 1917 and was chairman of the jurisprudence committee for more than 30 years. Knight Templar and 33° AASR (SJ). d. May 21, 1957.

William P. Kennedy President of Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen since 1949. b. April 3, 1892 in Huttonville, Ont., Canada. He began as a "news butch" on the Rock Island Rail-road between Chicago and Des Moines in 1909. He was later a freight brakeman on the Dakota division of the Great Northern; a switchman for the Canadian Pacific, and then the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific. He was secretary general of the Trainmen's grievance committee in 1920, and chairman of same from 1921-25. From 1928-35 he was a member of the board of trustees; vice president in charge of the Northwest territory, 1935-44; in charge of promotion, Chicago, 1944-46; general secretary and treasurer 1946-49. Initiated in Minnehaha Lodge No. 165, Minneapolis, Minn. in 1916; 32° AASR (NJ) and member of Zurah Shrine Temple, all of Minneapolis.

Clarence B. Kenney President and Director of Allstate Life Insurance Co. since 1957. b. Feb. 9, 1898 in New Albany, Ind. Graduate of U. of Chicago in 1923. With Retail Credit Co., Chicago, 1923-24; National Bond and Investment Co., 1925; General Motors Acceptance Corp., 1926-28 and Hardware Mutual Casualty Co., 1929-31. Went with Allstate Insurance Co., Chicago, in 1931, and was vice president and secretary from 1942-57. Served overseas in WWI, 1917-20. Mason and member of Acacia fraternity.

George C. Kenney General, U.S. Air Force. b. Aug. 6, 1889 in Yarmouth, N.S., Canada. He was a civil engineer with railroads in Canada and U.S. from 1911-14. He entered the construction business in Boston in 1915, and became president of Beaver Contracting and Engineering Corp. in 1916. Commissioned 1st lieutenant in 1917, he was promoted through grades to general in March, 1945, and retired in Aug., 1951. He commanded the 4th Air Force in 1942; the 5th Air Force in the Southwest Pacific in 1944; Allied Air Forces and Far East Air Forces in Southwest Pacific, 1944-45; Pacific Air Command, U.S. Army, 1945-46; Senior U.S. military

16 William E. Kepner representative with U.N. in 1946; and commanding general of Strategic Air Command, 1946-48. In 1948-51 he was commanding general of the Air University. Since retirement he has been president of the National Arthritis and Rheumatism Fund. Member of Bethesda Lodge, Brighton, Mass. since 1913 and member of St. Paul's Chapter, R.A.M., Boston, Mass.

Richard R. Kenney (1856-1931) U.S. Senator from Delaware, 18971901. b. Sept. 9, 1856 in Sussex Co., Del. Admitted to the bar in 1881, and practiced at Dover. He was state librarian, 1879-83, and adjutant general of state, 1887-91. Member of Union Lodge No 7, Dover, Del. d. Aug. 14, 1931.

Robert F. Kennon Governor of Louisiana, 1952-56. b. Aug. 21, 1902 at Minden, La. Graduate of Louisiana State U. in 1923 and 1925. Practiced law at Minden from 1925-41. He was district attorney of the 26th judicial district for eleven years, and judge of the Louisiana court of appeal, 194245. From 1945-46 he was a justice of the supreme court of Louisiana. He was chairman of the Governors' Conference in 1954-55. Served as an officer overseas in WWI from 1941-45. Member of Minden Lodge No. 51, Minden, La., receiving degrees on Aug. 21 and Dec. 27, 1923, and April 11, 1924. Served as master in 192930 and grand master of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana in 1936-37. 32° AASR (SJ), at Baton Rouge. Member of Minden Chapter No. 55, R.A.M. and Crusader Commandery No. 21, K.T., both of Minden. Served as high priest and commander. Member of Shrine and Red Cross of Constantine.

Michael Kenny (1863-1946) Jesuit priest and Anti-Masonic author. b. June 28, 1863 in GlanKeen, Tipperary, Ireland. He came to the U.S. in 1886, and was naturalized in 1892. Joined the Jesuits in 1886, and was ordained Roman Catholic priest in 1897. Hewas one of the founders of America, a Catholic weekly, in New York City in 1908, and associate editor of same until 1915. Taught in Catholic universities throughout the country. Wrote American Masonry in 1926 and American Masonry and Catholic Education in 1927. d. Nov. 22, 1946.

W. Wallace Kent Federal Judge, Michigan, since 1954. b. May 1, 1916, at Galesburg, Mich. Graduate of Western Michigan Coll., 1937, and U. of Michigan, 1940. Admitted to the bar in 1940, practicing at Kalamazoo. Member of Anchor of S.O. Lodge No. 87; Kalamazoo Chapter No. 13, R.A.M.; Kalamazoo Council, No. 63, R. & S.M.; Peninsular Commandery No. 8, K.T., all of Kalamazoo, Mich. 32° AASR (NJ) at Grand Rapids, Mich.

William E. Kepner Lieutenant General, U.S. Air Force, and pioneer aviator. b. Jan. 6, 1893 in Miami, Ind. He served as a private in the Marine Corps in 1909-13, and with Indiana national guard in Mexican Border, 191617. Commissioned in cavalry in 1917, but transferred to infantry, and advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1942, major general, 1943, and lieutenant general in 1950. Participated in six major engagements in WWI. He transferred to Air Service in 1920, and won the Litchfield trophy and National Balloon Race in 1928. In the same year he won the King Albert trophy in the Gordon Bennett International Balloon Race. He was test pilot for U.S. Navy metal-clad airship ZMC-2 in 1929, and in 1934 piloted and commanded the National Geographic Society-Army Air stratosphere balloon flight. He participated in the first transcontinental blind flight for airplane as escort pursuit plane for Maj. Ira Eaker in 1936. He commanded the First Army Air Force

17 Aleksandr Feodorovich Kerenski in 1941; 2nd Air Division, 8th Air Force, 1944-45; 8th Air Force, European Theater of Operations, 1945; 9th Air Force, 1945; deputy commander of aviation, atomic bomb tests, Bikini, 1946; commanding general, A.A.F. technical training command, St. Louis, 1946; chief of special weapons group, Hq. U.S.A.F., 1947; commander air forces and deputy commander atom bomb tests at Eniwetok, 1948. Later commander-in-chief of U.S. Alaskan command. He was vice president of Bell Aircraft Corp., Buffalo, N.Y. 1953-55, and since 1955 has been chairman of board of directors of Radiation, Inc. Fla. Mason, 32° AASR and member of Aahmes Shrine Temple, Oakland, Calif.

Aleksandr Feodorovich Kerenski Russian revolutionary leader. After the first Bolshevik revolution of Feb., 1917, he was made minister of justice in the provisional government, and later minister of war. He succeeded Prince Lvov in July, 1917 as prime minister, but was overthrown by the revolution of Nov., 1917 because of his moderate policies and indecision. He fled to Paris where he edited the Social Revolutionary paper, Dni. He is said to have been a Freemason, as well as most of the members of his short-lived regime.

John W. Kern, Jr. Chief Judge of U.S. Tax Court, 1949-55. b. July 7, 1900 in Indianapolis, son of John W. Kern, q.v., former U.S. Senator. Graduate of Washington and Lee U. and Harvard. Admitted to the bar in 1923, and practiced in Indianapolis until 1931. He was subsequently U.S. commissioner; superior court judge; mayor of Indianapolis; law professor at Indiana Law School; and member of U.S. Board of Tax Appeals, 1937-42. Since 1942 he has been a judge of the U.S. Tax Court. Received degrees in Oriental Lodge No. 500, Indianapolis, Ind. Dimitted Nov. 9, 1937.

John W. Kern, Sr. (1849-1917) U.S. Senator from Indiana, 1911-17. b. Dec. 20, 1849 in Alto, Ind. Graduate of U. of Michigan in 1869, and practiced law in Kokomo from that date until 1885, when he moved to Indianapolis. He was a candidate for governor twice, and Democratic nominee for vice president of the U.S. in 1908. Father of John W. Kern, Jr., q.v. Member of Mystic Tie Lodge No. 398, Indianapolis, Ind. and 32° AASR (NJ). d. Aug. 17, 1917.

Richard A. Kern Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy, physician. b. Feb. 20, 1891 in Columbia, Pa. Graduate of U. of Pennsylvania in 1910, and 1914 (AB and MD). Instructor, associate, assistant professor, and professor of medicine 1919-46 at U. of Pennsylvania. Head of department of medicine at Temple U. since 1946. Served in the Medical Corps, U.S. Navy in WWI. On active duty in WWII in South Pacific from 1942-44 on Halsey's staff. From 1944-46 he was chief of medicine at the Naval Hospital, Philadelphia. Rank of commodore in 1945, and from 1952-55 held rank of rear admiral. He has been consultant to the surgeon general of the Army since 1947, and same to Navy since 1949. He was chief of the division of general medicine, Veterans Administration, 1946-47. He was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania in 1945-46, and is an active member of the Supreme Council, 33° AASR (NJ) . Received degrees in University Lodge No. 610, Philadelphia, Pa., in March, April and May, 1923. Member of Columbia Chapter No. 91, RA.M.; Philadelphia Council No. 11, R. & S.M.; and Mary Commandery No. 36, K.T., all of Philadelphia. Member of Lulu Shrine Temple and Philadelphia Chapter No. 16, National Sojourners.

Andrew Kerr Football coach. b. Oct. 7, 1878 in Cheyenne, Wyo. Graduate of Dickinson Coll. (Carlisle, Pa.) in 1900. Began as a teacher and foot-

18 Joseph B. Kershaw ball coach in Johnstown, Pa., and subsequently in Pittsburgh. From 191422 he was athletic coach at U. of Pittsburgh; Stanford U., 1922-26; Washington and Jefferson Coll., 1926-29; Colgate U., 1929-47 (now emeritus); and Lebanon Valley Coll., 1947-50. He has coached the East team of the annual East-West Shrine charity game at San Francisco since 1927. Became member of the Football Hall of Fame in 1951. Raised in Wilkinsburg Lodge No. 683, Wilkinsburg, Pa. in 1922; 32° AASR (NJ) at Pittsburgh; Grotto in Hamilton, N.Y. Holds honorary membership in many Shrine temples.

John L. Kerr (1780-1844) U.S. Senator from Maryland, 1841-43. b. Jan. 15, 1780 near Annapolis, Md. Graduate of St. John's Coll., Annapolis, in 1799, studied law, and practiced at Easton. He served two terms as U.S. congressman from Maryland, 1825-29 and 1831-33. He edited the History of Maryland written by his uncle, John L. Bozman. Schultz in his History of Freemasonry in Maryland states that he was a charter member of St. Thomas' Lodge No. 37, organized in 1803 at Easton, Md. In 1823 he is listed as a member of Cambridge Lodge No. 66, Cambridge, Md., and as a past master of that lodge in the proceedings of 1825. The proceedings of 1830 give him as a member of Coates Lodge No. 76, Easton. d. Feb. - 21, 1844.

Michael C. Kerr ( 1827 - 1876 ) Speaker of House of Representatives. b. March 15, 1827 in Titusville, Pa. Graduate in law of Louisville U. (Ky.) in 1851, and began practice in New Albany, Ind. Served one term in the state legislature; was reporter of the supreme court; and served in U.S. congress from 1864-72, and again in 1875-76. He was elected speaker of the house, Dec. 6, 1875, but his health was failing rapidly from tuberculosis, and he served only through the first session of congress, dying four daysafter its adjournment. He was a member of Jefferson Lodge No. 104, New Albany, Ind. and was buried Masonic-ally. d. Aug. 19, 1876.

Robert S. Kerr Governor of Oklahoma, 1943-47 and U.S. Senator from Oklahoma since 1949. b. Sept. 11, 1896 in Ada, Okla. Admitted to the bar in 1922, and practiced in Ada. He has been a drilling contractor and oil producer since 1926, and is president of the Kerr-McGee Oil Industries, Inc. He was keynoter for the Democratic national convention of 1944. He is chairman of board of West Central Broadcasting Co., and in 1944 was chairman of the Oklahoma Baptist General Convention. He served in WWI as a 2nd lieutenant in the field artillery. Member of Ada Lodge No, 118, Ada, Oklahoma.

Joseph B. Kershaw (1822-1894) Confederate Major General in Civil War. b. Jan. 5, 1822 in Camden, S.C. He was admitted to the bar in 1843, and was a member of the state senate in 1852-57. He raised the 2nd South Carolina regiment for the Confederate Army and commanded it in the first Battle of Bull Run in July, 1861. He was made brigadier general, Feb. 13, 1862, and commanded a brigade in McLaw's division through the peninsular campaign of that year, and afterward held the sunken road at Fredericksburg. His command led the attack of Longstreet's corps at Gettysburg, where he lost more than half his brigade. After the Battle of Chickamauga and the siege of Knoxville, he returned to Va. in 1864, as major general and commanded a division of Lee's army in the final campaigns. He held the National forces in check at Spottsylvania until the arrival of Lee; was at Cold Harbor in Early's campaign, and in the rear of Lee's army when he surrendered on April 6, 1865. He was imprisoned at Fort Warren until July, 1865. He returned to his law practice at Camden; was

19 William Kettner a member of the state senate, serving as its president, and in 1877 became a circuit judge. He was a member of Kershaw Lodge No. 29 at Camden, and served as grand master of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, 187374. d. April 13, 1894 at Camden, S.C.

William Kettner (1864-1930) U.S. Congressman to 63rd through 66th Congresses (1913-21) from 11th Calif. dist. b. Nov. 20, 1864 in Ann Arbor, Mich. Lived in St. Paul, Minn., until 1884, when he went to Calif. as a miner, and was later in the newspaper business. Affiliated with San Dieg, Lodge No. 35, San Diego, Calif., on Feb. 1, 1908 from Visalia Lodge No. 128, Visalia, Calif. Member of San Diego Chapter No. 61, R.A.M. d. Nov. 11, 1930.

William S. Key (1889-1959) Major General, U.S. Army; oil executive. b. Oct. 6, 1889 in Dudleyville, Ala. Began in hardware business in Wewoka, Okla., in 1911, and moved to Oklahoma City in 1927, where he has since engaged in the oil business. Served as Infantry captain on Mexican border in 1916-17, and overseas 17 months in WWI. He was a major general of the 45th Division (N.G.) and in Federal service from 1940-46. Became provost marshal general of European Theater of Operations with headquarters in London in Oct. 1942 and in 1943-44 commanded all U.S. troops in Iceland. From 1944-46 he was head of the U.S. military control commission in Hungary. A candidate for governor of Oklahoma, 1938, he was defeated by only 3,000 votes. Retired from Army in 1949. From 1924-27 he was warden of the Oklahoma State Penitentiary, and later chairman of the parole board. He was Works Progress Administrator for Oklahoma in 1935-37. Raised in Seminole Lodge No. 147, Wewoka, Okla., on Aug. 15, 1913; exalted in Indian Chapter No. 1, R.A.M. McAlester in 1927; greeted in Circle Council No. 56, R. & S.M. in 1956 at Oklahoma City; and knighted in Bethlehem Comrnandery No. 45, K.T. Oklahoma City in 1927. 32° AASR (SJ) in Valley of McAlester April 29, 1920; KCCH in 1929; 33° in 1937; deputy of Supreme Council in 1950; sovereign grand inspector general in 1951 and grand master of ceremonies in 1955. Served as master of his lodge in 1921. Former director and president of Masonic Charity Foundation of Oklahoma; member of India Shrine Temple, Oklahoma City; Saba Grotto, Tulsa; past sovereign of Red Cross of Constantine; National Sojourner; active member of DeMolay Supreme Council, 1957, and member of Royal Order of Jesters and Royal Order of Scotland. d. Jan. 5, 1959.

Henry W. Keyes (1863-1938) U.S. Senator from New Hampshire, 1919-37 and Governor of New Hampshire, 1917-19. b. May 23, 1863 in Newbury, Vt. Graduate of Harvard in 1887. He engaged in farming most of his life and was president of the Woodsville (N.H.) Bank. He served in the state lower house from 1891-95, and again in 1915-17, and in the state senate from 1903-05. Raised March 18, 1897 in Grafton Lodge No. 46, Haverhill, N.H. d. June 19, 1938.

Robert H. Keys Labor leader and founder of Foreman's Association of America. b. May 11, 1912 in Cincinnati, Ohio. He founded the Foreman's Assn. in 1941, and is president and chairman of the executive board as well as managing editor of The Supervisor, its official publication. A writer on labor questions and for the advancement of supervisory employees' rights. Mason.

Aga Khan III (1877-1957) Full name was Aga Sultan Sir Mahomed Shah. Head of the Ismailian Mohammedans and son of Aga Khan II. He was one of the wealthiest men in the world. He received an European education, and was member of viceroy's council in 1002-04. In 1910 he founded

20 Harley M. Kilgore the Aligarh U. for Mohammedans. During WWI he performed great services for Great Britain, and after the war worked for a strong, free Turkey. He was the author of India in Transition (1918). He represented India at many British and international ceremonies. He owned the greatest racing stables in the world and was a Derby winner. Lettres Mensuelles, quoting the Kansas Masonic Digest, stated that he was initiated in December, 1951, and was given Masonic burial services on July 30, 1957.

Robert L. Kidd President of Cities Service Oil companies. b. July 7, 1901 in Brazil, Ind. Received AB in geology, Indiana U. in 1923. Geologist for Cities Service in Oklahoma and Kansas until 1951, when he became vice president of Cities Service Oil Co. in charge of exploration and production, as well as director. Since 1956 he has been president and director of Cities Service Co. (Del.), Cities Service Pipe Lines, Cities Service Production Co., Cities Service Oil Co., Ltd., and Lafitte Oil Traders, Inc. of Bartlesville, Okla. Also a director of other Cities Service organizations. Mason.

Ormonde A. Kieb Assistant Postmaster General since 1953. b. Aug. 17, 1901 in Springfield, Mass. Began career in the real estate business with E. J. Maier Corp., 1925. Has been president of The Kieb Co., Newark, N.J. since 1933. Received the degrees in Kane Lodge No. 55, Newark, N.J. in 1939. Dimitted Dec. 10, 1954.

Edgar R. Kiess (1875-1930) U.S. Congressman to 63rd through 71st Congresses (1913-31) from 16th Pa. dist. b. Aug. 26, 1875 in Warrensville, Pa. In real estate, he was president of the Eagles Mere Co., Eagles Mere Land Co., Raymond Hotel Co., Eagles Mere Hotel Co. and Edgar R. Kiess Co. Member of the lower house in 1904-10. Member of Muncy Lodge No. 299, Muncy, Pa., receiving degrees on Dec. 7, 1899, Jan. 4 and Feb. 1, 1900. d. July 20, 1930.

Edwin J. Kiest (1861-1941) Owner and publisher of Dallas Daily Times-Herald (Texas) from 1896. b. Sept. 24, 1861 in Cook Co., Ill. He was a newsboy in Chicago from 1871-73, and learned the printer's trade. He was a compositor in Chicago until 1889, when he went with the Western Newspaper Union, Omaha, Nebr. until 1896. He was a director of Texas A. & M. Coll. and of the Scottish Rite Crippled Children's Hospital. Member of Dallas Lodge No. 760, Dallas, Texas, receiving degrees on Jan. 4, Feb. 19, March 20, 1918 and affiliating with Keystone Lodge No. 1143, Dallas, as a charter member in 1920. d. Aug. 11, 1941.

Clarence E. Kilburn U.S. Congressman to 79th through 85th Congresses from New York. b. April 13, 1893 in Malone, N.Y. Began with Kirk-Maher Co. in 1919, and was president in 1921. Since 1930 has been president of People's Trust Co., Malone. Member of Northern Constellation Lodge No. 291, Malone, N.Y. Dimitted from chapter, commandery and shrine.

Thomas E. Kilby (1865-1943) Governor of Alabama, 1919-23. b. July 9, 1865 in Lebanon, Tenn. He was in the manufacturing business at Anniston, Ala. from 1800, and was president of Kilby Steel Co., and chairman of board of Alabama Pipe Line Co. He was a member of the state senate from 1911-15, and lieutenant governor from 1915-19. Mason, 32° AASR and Shriner. d. Oct. 22, 1943.

William, Marquess of Kildare Grand Master of Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1770 and served again in 1777 as the 2nd Duke of Leinster.

Harley M. Kilgore (1893-1956) U.S. Senator from West Virginia 1940-56. b. Jan. 11, 1893 in Brown, W.Va. Graduate of U. of West Virginia in 1914

21 Joe M. Kilgore and practiced law at Beckley, 1914-17 and 1920-32. Served as an officer with the U.S. Army in WWI. Member of Beckley Lodge No. 95, Beckley, W.Va. d. Feb. 28, 1956.

Joe M. Kilgore U.S. Congressman, 84th and 85th Congresses from 15th Texas dist. b. Dec. 10, 1918 in Brown Co., Texas. Practiced law at Edinburg, Texas, 1946-54, and member of Texas lower house during that time. Mason.

John M. Killits (1858-1938) Federal Judge, Northern District of Ohio, 1910-38. b. Oct. 7, 1858 in Lithopolis, Ohio. Graduate of Williams Coll. (three degrees) and George Washington U. (two degrees). He was editor and publisher of the Red Oak Express (Ia.) 1881-83. From 1884-87 he was secretary of chief signal officer, and edited publications of that bureau. Admitted to the bar in 1887, he practiced at Bryan, Ohio until 1904. Raised in Red Oak Lodge No. 162, Red Oak Iowa, in 1883, affiliating with Harmony Lodge No. 17, Washington, D.C., in 1885 and with Bryan Lodge No. 215, Bryan, Ohio, on March 6, 1891. d. Sept. 13, 1938.

William, 4th and last Earl of Kilmarnock Seventh Grand Master Mason of Scotland in 1742.

Aaron E. Kilpatrick (1872-1953) Landscape painter. b. April 7, 1872 in St. Thomas, Ont., Canada. Came to U.S. in 1892, and naturalized in 1912. He exhibited at the San Francisco Palace of Fine Arts, Southwest Museum of Los Angeles, Los Angeles Museum of History, and Art Institute of Chicago. Represented in many private collections. Member of Eagle Rock Lodge No. 422, Los Angeles, affiliating on June 20, 1911 from Palestine Lodge No. 351, same city. d. Aug. 16, 1953.

Arthur, Viscount of Kilwarlin Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1785, and later 2nd Marquess of Downshire.

Charles D. Kimball (1859-1930) Governor of Rhode Island, 1902-03. b. Sept. 13, 1859 in Providence, R.I. He engaged in mercantile business in Providence. He was a member of the lower house in R.I. 1894-99, and lieutenant governor of the state in 1900-01. Became a member of Adelphoi Lodge No. 33, East Providence, R.I. on Jan. 2, 1900. Member of Providence Chapter No. 1, R.A.M. and St. John's Cornmandery No. 1, K.T., both of Providence, R.I. d. Dec. 8, 1930.

George T. Kimball President of American Hardware Corp., New Britain. Conn. 1924-45 and of Corbin Lock Co. b. June 25, 1874 in Chicago, Ill. Graduate of Lake Forest Coll. in 1899. He was first an accountant in Chicago, and later lawyer and private accountant. He went with American Hardware in 1913 as an auditor. Mason and Shriner.

Nathan Kimball (1822-1898) Union Major General in Civil War. b. in Indiana Nov. 22, 1822. He served in the Mexican War as a captain of volunteers, and at the beginning of the Civil War was appointed colonel of a regiment of Indiana infantry. He took part in the operations at Cheat Mountain and Battle of Greenbrier; commanded a brigade at Battle of Winchester, and was made brigadier - general, April 15, 1862. At Antietam his brigade held its ground but lost nearly 600 men. At Fredericksburg, he was wounded. He later commanded a division in the West, and at the siege of Vicksburg in 1863. He was breveted major general Feb. 1, 1865. Member of Mt. Pleasant Lodge No. 168, Mt. Pleasant, Ind., he dimitted Feb. 20, 1869 and no further record in that state of Masonic membership. d. Jan. 21, 1898.

Ralph Kimball Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Wyoming 1931-37, and 1943-44. b. Nov. 23, 1878 at Nevada, Mo. Admitted to Missouri bar in 1899, he moved to Lander, Wyo. in 1901.

22 Charles King He served one term in the lower house of that state, and was a district judge for two years, but resigned in 1920 to become associate justice of the supreme court of Wyoming. He retired from the supreme court bench in 1952. Member of Wyoming Lodge No. 2, Lander, Wyo. and master of same for two years.

Lewis A. Kimberly (1830-1902) Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy. b. April 2, 1830 in Troy, N.Y. Graduate of U.S. Naval Academy and made midshipman in 1852, commander in 1866, captain in 1874, commodore in 1884, and rear admiral in 1887, retiring in 1892. In 1861-62 he served on frigate Potomac, was then executive officer of the Hartford, Admiral Farragut's flagship. He participated in actions of Port Hudson, Grand Gulf, Warrington, and Mobile Bay. He was in the expedition to Korea and commanded the force which landed and captured the forts. He was in the great hurricane of May 15, 1889 at Samoa. Admitted to St. Johns Lodge, Boston, Mass., March 2, 1857. d. in 1902.

Ira L. Kimes Brigadier General, U.S. Marine Corps. b. Aug. 8, 1899 in Fayetteville, Tenn. Graduate of U.S. Naval Academy in 1923, and advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1945. In Naval and Marine aviation, he was commander of the Marine Corps Air Station at Quantico, Va., 1943-45, retiring from active duty in 1945. Mason.

James L. Kincaid President of American Hotels Corp. and Brigadier General, U.S. Army (retired). b. Nov. 28, 1884 in Syracuse, N.Y. Law graduate of Syracuse U. in 1908, and practiced at Syracuse, N.Y. He was assistant to the president of United Hotels from 1919-20, vice president 1921-26, and president of American Hotels from 1924. This company directs the operation of 70 hotels in the U.S. He is also the director of 21 other hotelcompanies. Saw service in Mexican border campaign and was with judge advocate department, A.E.F., in WWI. Made major general in N.Y. national guard in 1923. In WWII he was in active service as a brigadier general from 1943-45, serving in Africa, Italy and France. Received degrees in Central City Lodge No. 305, Syracuse, N.Y. on Jan. 17, Feb. 7 and March 7, 1911. Dimitted from same Dec. 1, 1921 to become charter member of Sea and Field Lodge No. 2-983, Syracuse.

James H. Kindelberger President of North American Aviation, Inc., Los Angeles, 1935-48. b. May 8, 1895 in Wheeling, W.Va. Began as apprentice-engineer in Wheeling, W.Va. in 1911. He was designer and chief draftsman of Glenn L. Martin Co. 1919-25, and vice president and chief engineer of Douglas Aircraft Corp., 1925-34. In 1934 he was president of General Aviation Mfg. Corp., Baltimore. Mason.

Austin A. King (1801-1870) Governor of Missouri, 1848-53. b. Sept. 20, 1801 in Sullivan Co., Tenn. He was admitted to the bar in 1822, and moved to Mo. in 1830, where he continued his practice. He was twice elected to the state legislature, in 1834 and 1836, and was circuit judge, 1837-48, and again 1862-63. He was elected to the 38th U.S. congress and served from 1863-65, after which he devoted himself to his profession and farming. Member of Richmond Lodge No. 57, Richmond, Mo. d. April 22, 1870.

Charles King (1844-1933) Author and Brigadier General. b. Oct. 12, 1844 in Albany, N.Y. He was graduated from U.S. Military Academy in 1866, and was retired for wounds in 1879, but continued as a national guard instructor, and reentered Federal Service in Spanish-American War to be-

23 Charles Glen King come a brigadier general in 1898. He wrote: Famous and Decisive Battles; Between the Lines; The Colonel's Daughter; Marion's Faith; Captain Blake; The General's Double; The Iron Brigade; A Conquering Corps Badge; Medal of Honor and others. He became a member of Kilbourn Lodge No. 3, Milwaukee, Wis. in 1886, and was exalted in Kilbourn Chapter No. 1 the same year. In 1898 he became a member of Wisconsin Cornmandery No. 1, K.T. at Milwaukee and received 32° AASR (NJ) in Wisconsin Consistory AASR (SJ) in 1900. Awarded honorary 33° AASR in 1920. d. March 18, 1933.

Charles Glen King American chemist who isolated vitamin C in 1932 and synthesized it in 1933. b. Oct. 22, 1896 in Entiat, Wash. Graduate of Washington State Coll. in 1918; U. of Pittsburgh 1920 and 1923; with graduate study at Columbia, 1926-27, and Cambridge (Eng.) in 1929-30. He is noted for his work on enzymes, synthetic fats, nutrition, bacteriology and dairy sanitation. He taught in U. of Pittsburgh and Columbia, and has been professor at Columbia U. since 1946. He was scientific director of the Nutrition Foundation, 1942-55, and executive director of same since 1955. Consultant to private industries and government, and has received many awards for his work. Served as private in machine gun company in WWI. Initiated in Whitman Lodge No. 49, Pullman, Wash., in 1919.

Edward L. King (1873-1933) Major General, U.S. Army. b. Dec. 5, 1873 in Bridgewater, Mass. Graduate of U.S. Military Academy in 1896, and advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1922, and major general in 1931. Participated in the Spanish-American War, the Philippine Insurrection, and with 65th Infantry brigade, AEF in WWI. He was commandant of the Cavalry School, Ft. Riley, Kansas, 1923-25, and same for General Service Schools, Ft. Leavenworth, Kans., 1925-29. From 1929-32 he was assistant chief of staff of the War Department General Staff, and from 1932, commander of 4th Corps Area. Mason. d. Dec. 27, 1933.

Edward P. King, Jr. (1884-1958) Major General, U.S. Army. b. July 4, 1884 in Atlanta, Ga. Graduate of U. of Georgia in 1903. Commissioned in 1908, he advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1940, and temporary major general in 1941. He was an instructor at the General Staff and Command School, 1930-35, and the Army War College, 1937-40, retiring in 1946. Received his degrees in Gate City Lodge No. 2, Atlanta, Ga. on April 23, May 14 and June 20, 1912, becoming a charter member and first master of Fort Benning Lodge No. 579, Fort Benning, Ga. on Oct. 29, 1924. Member of Yaarab Shrine Temple, Atlanta. d. Aug. 31, 1958.

Ernest J. King (1878-1956) Fleet Admiral, U.S. Navy and Commanderin-Chief of U.S. Navy. b. Nov. 23, 1878 in Lorain, Ohio. Graduate of U.S. Naval Academy in 1901. Previous to this he served as a midshipman in the U.S. Navy during the Spanish-American War. He rose through the grades to rear admiral in 1933; admiral, 1941; chief of Bureau of Aeronautics, 1933- 36; vice admiral commanding aircraft battle force, U.S. Fleet, 1938-39, member of general board of Navy Dept., 1939-40; commander-in-chief U.S. Fleet, Dec., 1941; chief of naval operations, 1942-45; and appointed fleet admiral, Dec. 17, 1944. A member of George C. Whiting Lodge No. 22, Washington, D.C., he received his degrees June 25, July 25, and Sept. 12, 1935. He became a member of Darius Chapter No. 143, R.A.M., San Diego, Calif., receiving the degrees June 17, July 8 and Aug. 26, 1938. He was greatly interested in Masonry, both blue lodge and chapter, and attended often. When he was elevated to com-

24 Thomas Starr King mander-in-chief of the Atlantic Fleet, a letter was written him at one of the chapter meetings and signed by more than 200 of its members. King received it the day following Pearl Harbor, and he replied to it with sincere feeling. A member of Holyrood Commandery No. 32, K.T., Cleveland, Ohio, he received the orders July 12 and July 19, 1939. He became a member of Al Koran Shrine Temple at Cleveland in 1946. d. June 25, 1956.

Horatio C. King (1837-1918) Soldier and author. b. Dec. 22, 1837 in Portland, Maine. His father was postmaster general in 1861. Graduate of Dickinson Coll. in 1858, he was admitted to the bar in 1861. He entered the Union army as a captain in 1862, and rose to colonel of volunteers in 1865. He received the Congressional Medal of Honor for "distinguished bravery near Dinwiddie C.H., Va. on March 29, 1865." He practiced law from 1871-73, and after 1877. He was associate editor of the New York Star, 1871-73 and publisher of the Christian Union, 1873-77. He was the author of History of Dickinson College (1896); Sketch of Army of Potomac (1896); Songs of Dickinson (1901) and Souvenir of Poems and Compositions (1908). Made a Mason in lodge at Winchester, Va. in 1864. d. Nov. 15, 1918.

Joshua King Lieutenant of the Continental Army to whom Major Andre, the British spy, first revealed his identity. Member of Union Lodge No. 40, Danbury, Conn.

Rufus King (1755-1827) Member of Continental Congress; U.S. Minister to Great Britain, and U.S. Senator from New York. b. in Scarborough, Maine. He was graduated from Harvard in 1777. Accompanied Gen. Sullivan on his expedition into R.I. and later honorably discharged. Admitted to the bar and was member of Continental Congress, 1884-87, from Mass., and of the Federal Constitution-al Convention of 1788. Here he was one of the members assigned to make a final draft of the constitution of the U.S. He moved to New York City in 1788, and served a term in the state assembly; in a short time he was elected to the U.S. senate, serving there from 1789-96, and 1813-25. He twice served as U.S. Minister to Great Britain, 1796-1803 and 1825-26. He was an unsuccessful candidate for vice president of the U.S. in 1804 and 1808, and for president in 1816. He is thought to have been a member of a lodge in Newburyport, Mass., but no proof is available. His brother, William King, q.v., was first governor of Maine and first grand master of Maine. d. April 29, 1827.

Rufus King Fiction and motion picture writer. b. Jan. 3, 1893 in New York City. Graduate of Yale in 1914. Served on Mexican border in 1916, and in France in WWI. Since 1925 he has averaged a book or motion picture script each year. Many of his mystery books have been adapted to pictures. His writing include: North Star; Whelp of the Winds; Murder by the Clock; A Woman Is Dead; Murder by Latitude; Crime of Violence; The Secret Agent; Murder at the Vanities (mystery revue with Earl Carroll); Invitation to a Murder (play with Milton Lazarus); Holiday Homicide; The Body in the Rockpit; and many others. He received his degrees in Champlain Lodge No. 237, Champlain, N.Y. in 1926.

Thomas Starr King (1824-1864) Unitarian clergyman who is represented in the National Hall of Fame, Washington, D.C., from Calif. b. Dec. 17, 1824 in New York City. He taught school early in life and studied for the ministry under Hosea Ballou, q.v., in Medford, Mass. He preached in Boston, Mass. from 1838-60, going to San Francisco, Calif. in the latter year. At the outset of the Civil War, he spoke throughout the country on

25 William King the importance of upholding the Union, and his eloquence is credited with saving California for the Union. He built a church in San Francisco which was dedicated Jan. 10, 1864. Less then two months later he was stricken with diphtheria, and died March 4, 1864; he was buried in the church he had built. His remains were transferred to the Masonic cemetery in 1887, when the church property was sold. During the Civil War he worked constantly for the Sanitary Commission (forerunner of the Red Cross) and raised $1,250,000 for it—which was one-fourth of the entire amount raised in the U.S. He was raised in Oriental Lodge No. 144, San Francisco, on Aug. 17, 1861, and served as grand orator of the Grand Lodge of Calif. in 1862-63.

William King (1768-1852) First Governor of Maine and first Grand Master of Grand Lodge of Maine. b. Feb. 9, 1768 in Scarborough, Maine. He was the brother of Rufus King, q.v. Early in life he became a member of the Mass. legislature and took an active part in drafting and enacting the religious freedom bill. He was a merchant in Bath, Maine for nearly 50 years. He was an ardent advocate of the separation of Maine and Mass. and presided over the convention to frame a constitution for the new state. He was subsequently elected first governor and after that appointed U.S. commissioner for the adjustment of Spanish claims. He served in the War in 1812 as a colonel. He was made a Mason in Massachusetts Lodge of Boston, Mass., Feb. 3, 1800, and became first master of Solar Lodge No. 14, Bath, Maine, Sept. 10, 1804. In 1820 he became the first grand master of the Grand Lodge of Maine. d. June 17, 1852.

William Rufus King (1786-1853) Vice President of the United States, 1853; U.S. Senator; Minister to France. b. April 6, 1786 in Sampson Co., N.C. He was graduated from U. of North Carolina in 1803, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1806. He served in state legislature from 1806-09. From 1810-16 he was U.S. congressman. From 1819-44 he was U.S. Senator, and again from 1848-53, serving as president of that body in 1853. President Tyler named him U.S. minister to France in 1844, and he returned in 1846 at his request. He was elected vice president of the U.S. in 1852 under Franklin Pierce, but failing health forced him to visit Cuba in 1853, where the oath of office was administered him by a special act of Congress. He returned to this country, but died the day after reaching his home near Cahawba, Ala., April 18, 1853, without entering upon any official duty of his office. He was a member of Phoenix Lodge No. 8, Fayetteville, N.C., receiving his degrees in April, 1808, May 5, 1809, and Dec. 15, 1810.

Robert, 1st Baron of Kingsborough Grand Master of Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1749.

Kenneth R. Kingsbury (1876-1937) President of Standard Oil Co. of Calif. 1919-37. b. Jan. 22, 1876 in Columbus, Ohio. Student at Columbia U., 1896-97 in mining engineering. Began with Standard Oil of Calif. in 1911. Mason. d. Nov. 22, 1937.

Henry, 4th Viscount of Kingsland Grand Master of Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1733.

Nathan Kingsley (1850-1918) General Grand High Priest, General Grand Chapter, RA.M., 1909-12. b. Sept. 10, 1850 in Sharon, Conn. Admitted to Minn. bar in 1876, he practiced at Rushford, Chatfield, and later Austin. Was district judge from 18981912. Made a Mason in Pleasant Grove Lodge No. 22, Pleasant Grove, Minn.

26 Rudyard Kipling in 1872; exalted in North Star Chapter No. 11. R.A.M., Chatfield in Jan., 1874. In 1888-89 he was high priest of Austin Chapter No. 14, Austin, Minn., and grand high priest in 1885-86. Elected general grand high priest at triennial in Savannah, Ga. in 1909. Knighted in St. Bernard Commandery No. 13, K.T. of Austin in 1888, and commander in 1891-92. d. Sept. 8, 1918.

George Frederick Kingston (18891950) Archbishop and Primate of all Canada, 1947-50. b. Aug. 26, 1889 in Prescott, Ontario. Educated in U. of Toronto, Harvard, Oxford, and Trinity U. (Toronto). Was ordained in 1916 in diocese of Nova Scotia. He was professor of philosophy at King's U., Nova Scotia. Also professor of ethics at Trinity Coll., Toronto, and dean of men there from 1926-40. He was bishop of Algoma, 1940-44; bishop of Nova Scotia, 1944-50. Initiated in Ionic Lodge No. 25, G.R.C. (Ontario) on Feb. 2, 1927, he was master of same in 1937. He held several grand lodge offices, including that of grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Canada (Ontario) and Nova Scotia, 1948-50. Active in Royal Arch Masonry and Red Cross of Constantine, he was a profound Masonic student. d. Nov. 20, 1950.

James, 4th Baron of Kingston Grand Master of Grand Lodge of England (Moderns) , 1728. Grand Master, Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1731, 1735 and 1745.

George William, 9th Lord of Kinnaird and Rossie Fifty-eighth Grand Master Mason of Scotland, 1830-31.

John C. Kinnear Vice President of Kennecott Copper Corp. 1945-48. b. Feb. 14, 1885 in Carnoustic, Scotland, of American parents. Graduate of Mass. Inst. of Tech. in 1907. With mining concerns in Nevada from 1908, and with Kennecott Copper from 1910, rising from metallurgist to general manager and vice president. Memberof Ely Lodge No. 29, Ely, Nevada since 1914 and past master of same. Member of Monitor Chapter No. 13, and Ely Commandery No. 6, K.T., both of Ely, Nevada. 32° AASR (SJ) at Reno and member of Kerak Shrine Temple of Reno.

Thomas Robert, 10th Earl of Kinnoul Fifty-sixth Grand Master Mason of Scotland in 1826.

John, 3rd Earl of Kintore Third Grand Master Mason of Scotland in 1738, and Grand Master of Grand Lodge of England (Moderns) in 1740.

Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) English writer who was awarded the Nobel prize for literature in 1907. b. Dec. 30, 1865 in Bombay, India. He was educated in United Services Coll. North Devon, England, and returned to India in 1880, where he was on the editorial staff of the Civil & Military Gazette and Pioneer, at Lahore until 1889. He began writing verse and tales while in India, and continued after his return to England in 1889. Among his best known works are Plain Tales from the Hills; In Black and White; The Story of the Gadsbys; Under the Deodars; Phantom 'Rickshaw; Wee Willie Winkie; Life's Handicap; The Light That Failed; Barrack-Room Ballads; The Jungle Book; Second Jungle Book; The Seven Seas; Captains Courageous; Just So Stories for Little Children; and many others. His writings contained frequent Masonic references, particularly The Man Who Would Be King from Wee Willie Winkie (1889); In the Interests of the Brethren from Debits and Credits (1926); The Widow At Windsor from Barrack Room Ballads (1892). The most famous is his Mother Lodge from The Seven Seas (1896). He was initiated in Hope and Perseverance Lodge No. 782, Lahore, Punjab, India in 1886, by a special dispensation, because he was only 20 years and six months old. Strange to

27 ,11.1%1M1 MIrsr y say, he recorded his own raising in the minutes as he was immediately elected secretary of the lodge. He wrote the following about his initiation which appeared in The Freemason (London) on March 28, 1925: "I was secretary for some years of Hope and Perseverance No. 782, E.C., Lahore, which included Brethren of at least four creeds. I was entered by a member of Brahmo Somaj, a Hindu; passed by a Mohammedan, and raised by an Englishman. Our Tyler was an Indian Jew. We met, of course, on the level, and the only difference anyone would notice was that at our banquets, some of the Brethren, who were debarred by caste rules from eating food not ceremonially prepared, sat over empty plates." He received his Mark Master degree in the Mark Lodge, "Fidelity" on April 12, 1887 and Royal Ark Mariners degree in the Lodge "Mt. Ararat" at Lahore, April 17, 1888. He affiliated with the Independence and Philanthropy Lodge No. 391, Allahabad, Bengal in 1888. On his return to England, he became a founder of the lodge Builders of the Silent Cities No. 4948, in 1927, and of Author's Lodge No. 3456. He was further appointed poet laureate of the famous Canongate Kilwinning Lodge No. 2, of Edinburgh, Scotland, in which, by tradition, Robert Burns, q.v., had previously served in a similar capacity.

Allan P. Kirby President of Imperial Motor Corp. since 1934, and of Allegheny Corp. since 1939. b. July 31, 1892 at Wilkes-Barre, Pa. He began as office manager for a lumber company in New Brunswick in 1914. Later he became treasurer of Jenkins-Kirby Packing Co. (1915-22), and president of Kirby-Davis Co. (192234). He is a director of F. W. Woolworth Co., Chesapeake & Ohio Railway, Greenbrier Hotel Corp., International Telephone and Telegraph - Corp., and several other large corporations. Raised in Landmark Lodge No. 442, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. in 1920. Member of Shekinah Chapter No. 182, R.A.M. and Dieu le Veut Commandery No. 45, K.T. and Irem Shrine Temple, all of Wilkes-Barre, Pa.

Ephraim Kirby (1757-1804) First General Grand High Priest of the General Grand Chapter, Royal Arch Masons. b. Feb. 23, 1757 near Litchfield, Conn. He enlisted in the volunteer cavalry at the age of 19, and reached Boston in time to take part in the Battle of Bunker Hill, (under General Warren), q.v. He later fought at Brandywine, Monmouth, Elk River, and Germantown. At Elk River he received seven saber cuts in the head and was left on the field as dead. In all he was in 17 battles and many skirmishes; he received 13 wounds. He was discharged as an ensign, August 23, 1782. He later became a colonel in the 17th regiment of the Connecticut militia. He presented his sword to St. Paul's Lodge, Litchfield, Conn., where it is now proudly displayed. He studied law, and the issuance of the "Kirby Reports" in 1789, on cases of the superior court of Conn., gave him the distinction of publishing the first volume of law reports issued in America. He was an early member of the Society of Cincinnati, and secretary of the Conn. branch. He was appointed federal revenue collector for Conn. in 1802, and was named land commissioner of the Miss. Territory and district judge of same. He arrived in January, 1804, coming by boat from Conn. via New Orleans and Fort Stoddert, Ala. Here he died, Oct. 4, 1804, and was buried in a grave now forgotten. He became a member of St. Paul's Lodge No. 11, Litchfield, Conn., in 1781, but it is not known if this is his original lodge. It is said that he had a part in organizing a lodge at Woodbury, Conn. in 1782. On Dec. 27, 1871, he was elected secretary of St. Paul's Lodge. Representing that lodge at the convention of July 8, 1789 to form the

28 Samuel Kirkland Grand Lodge of Conn., he was elected its secretary. He was grand senior warden of that grand lodge from 179597. He served three terms as master of his own lodge. Little is known of his chapter record except that he was a member of the Mark Lodge located at New Town, Conn., and was a signer of the by-laws of Hiram Chapter No. 1 of the same city, March 31, 1792. When the Grand Chapter of Connecticut was organized at Hartford, May 17, 1798, Kirby was elected first grand high priest. He was also elected first general grand high priest in 1798, serving until his death in 1804. He was thus grand high priest and general grand high priest at the same time. In 1953, Royal Arch Masons, led by Col. Woolsey Finnell, q.v., of Ala., erected a monument to his memory at Mt. Vernon, Ala.

Fred M. Kirby (1861-1940) Capitalist. b. Oct. 30, 1861 in Brownville, N.Y. Employed by a dry goods firm in Watertown, N.Y. from 1876-84, he moved to Wilkes-Barre, Pa. where he became associated with C. S. Woolworth in 5 and 10 cent store. He purchased interest of partner in 1887, and became the owner of 96 stores, located in nearly every state east of the Mississippi River. In 1912 he merged his interests with F. W. Woolworth, and retired. He gave $100,000 to Lafayette College (Pa.), for Kirby Chair of Civil Rights, and erected Kirby Hall of Civil Rights there for $500,000. Erected the Angeline Elizabeth Kirby Memorial Center at Wilkes-Barre at a cost of two million dollars in 1931. Mason. d. Oct. 16, 1940.

Norman T. Kirk Major General, U.S. Army, and Surgeon General, U.S. Army, 1943-47. b. Jan. 3, 1888 at Rising Sun, Md. Received M.D. degree from U. of Maryland in 1910. He was commissioned 1st lieutenant in U.S. Medical Corps in 1912, and advanced through grades to major general in 1932, retiring in 1947. Servedin Mexico in 1914; WWI; two Philippine tours; chief of surgery at Letterman General Hospital, 1936-41, and Walter Reed, 1941-42. In 1942-43 he was commanding officer of Percy Jones General Hospital. He is director of American Foundation for Tropical Medicine. Has written several volumes on surgery, amputations and prostheses. Raised in Tompkins Lodge No. 466, Fort Oglethorpe, Ga. in 1917 receiving the chapter, council and commandery in Chattanooga, Tenn. the same year. Now inactive in all bodies.

Watson Kirkconnell President of Acadia University, Wolfville, N.S., Canada since 1948. b. May 16, 1895 in Port Hope, Ont., Canada. M.A. at Queen's U. in 1916; student at Oxford (England) 1921-22; Ph.D. from Debrecen U., Hungary, 1938. From 192248 he taught at Wesley Coll., United Coll. and McMaster U. (all in Canada). Served as captain in Canadian Army in 1916-19. Authority on the history of Hungary, Poland, Iceland, and Canada. Fellow of Royal Society; Canadian Royal Geography Society; Royal History Society; Royal Anthropology Institute; Icelandic Society of Letters; Petofi Society (Hungary). National president of Canadian Authors Assn. in 1942-44. President of Baptist Union of Western Canada, 1938-40, and president of Baptist Federation of Canada in 1953. Received degrees in Faithful Brethren Lodge No. 77, Lindsay, Ont. on Oct. 1, Nov. 5 and Dec. 17, 1920 and also affiliated with St. George's Lodge No. 20, R.N.S., serving as its master in 1955.

Thomas Kirker Governor of Ohio in 1807-08. Grand junior deacon of Grand Lodge of Ohio in 1808. Member of Scioto Lodge No. 6, Chillicothe, Ohio, receiving degrees on Dec. 31, 1806, Jan. 10 and 16, 1807. Dimitted July 3, 1811.

29 Robert Kirkwood missionary to Indians of the Six Nations. b. Dec. 1, 1741 in Norwich, Conn. He was the son of the Rev. Daniel Kirtland, but Samuel restored the old spelling of the family name. Graduate of Princeton in 1765, leaving that year as an Indian missionary to the Six Nations. He remained with the tribes a year and a half, and returned to Conn. where he was commissioned Indian missionary. He then went to Oneida and continued to labor among the tribes, with occasional interruptions, for more than 40 years. He spoke the Mohawk and Seneca languages, and had the profound respect of the Indians. During the Revolution he was active in attempting to preserve the neutrality of the Indians, holding many councils with them. After the Battle of Lexington, however, he succeeded in attaching the Oneidas to the patriot cause, although the other tribes, through the influence of Sir William Johnson, q.v., and Chief Joseph Brant, q.v., joined the British. Washington wrote to Congress in 1775: "I cannot but intimate my sense of the importance of Mr. Kirkland's station, and of the great advantages which have and may result to the united colonies from his situation being made respectable. All accounts agree that much of the favorable disposition shown by the Indians may be ascribed to his labor and influence." Kirkland was initiated in St. Patrick's Lodge No. 8, Johnstown, N.Y., Feb. 7, 1767. It was this lodge that furnished many famous brethren to both sides of the Revolution, including the Johnson's, Herkimer's, and Butler's, q.v. Kirkland became a brigrade chaplain to General John Sullivan, q.v., in 1779, and accompanied him on the Susquehanna expedition. The remainder of the war he was chaplain to the Continental forces at Fort Schuyler and at Stockbridge, Mass. He resumed his work among the Indians after peace was declared, and in 1785 received a liberal grant of land from congress in consideration of his services. In 1788 the Indians and the state of New York added to this gift a large and valuable tract, on which he settled and founded the present town of Kirkland. In 1791 he made a trip with 40 warriors to Philadelphia and appeared before congress in order to consult as to the best method of introducing western civilization among the tribes. In 1793 he established the Hamilton Oneida College (now Hamilton College), an institution for the education of American and Indian youth. d. Feb. 28, 1808.

Robert Kirkwood (1730-1791) American Revolutionary War hero. b. in 1730 near Newark, Del. Christopher Ward, in his book, The Delaware Continentals, referred to him as the "American Diomedes." Light Horse Harry Lee, q.v., said "No regiment in the army surpassed it in soldiership. It was commanded by Capt. Kirkwood, who passed through the war with high reputation." He entered the Army as a lieutenant and participated in the battles of Long Island, Trenton, and Princeton. Early in 1777 he was commissioned captain, and engaged in all the important battles of the three following campaigns. In 1780 he accompanied General Horatio Gates, q.v., to the south, where his outfit suffered severely at the Battle of Camden. The remnant that survived was attached under Kirkwood to General Henry Lee's light infantry, and Kirkwood commanded it at Cowpens, Guilford, Eutaw, and the other battles of this campaign, and was breveted major. In all he took part in 33 battles. He migrated to Ohio after the war, settling nearly opposite Wheeling. He was killed in the Battle of Miami, Nov. 4, 1791. Kirkwood was raised in Lodge No. 18 of Dover, Del. (under Penn. constitution) on June 11, 1782.

Robert C. Kirkwood Executive Vice President of F. W. Woolworth Co. since 1955. b. Nov. 19, 1904 at

30 Horatio Herbert Kitchener Provo, Utah. He began with Woolworth Co. in 1923, at Provo, and was successively store manager of Western and Midwestern stores; superintendent of Minneapolis district; personnel director; merchandise supervisor; assistant district manager of San Francisco; district manager at Boston; director in 1953. Mason, 32° AASR.

Samuel J. Kirkwood (1813-1894) U.S. Secretary of Interior under Garfield; Governor of Iowa; U.S. Senator from Iowa; in National Statuary Hall. b. Dec. 20, 1813 in Harford Co., Md. Moved to Ohio in 1835, studied law and admitted to the bar in 1843. Moved to Iowa in 1855, where he engaged in farming and milling, and served in the state senate in 1856. He was governor of Iowa from 1860-63. He declined Lincoln's offer to be U.S. Minister to Denmark in 1862. He was elected U.S. senator in 1866 to fill an unexpired term, and in 1875 was elected governor for third time. In 1876 he was again elected U.S. senator and served until 1881, when he resigned to enter the cabinet of Garfield as secretary of the Interior. He was a member of Iowa City Lodge No. 4, Iowa City, Iowa. d. Sept. 1, 1894.

Richard Kirman Governor of Nevada, 1935-38. b. Jan. 14, 1877 at Virginia City, Nev. His father was a member of the big cattle firm of Kirman and Rickey in the early days of Nevada. Richard is a banker at Reno, Nev. He was raised in Washoe Lodge No. 35 of Reno in 1927.

Joseph G. Kitchell (1862-1947) Artist and writer. b. April 25, 1862 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Was photographic editor of Quarterly Illustrator, and publisher of L'Art de Monde. He invented method and apparatus for first scientific composite photograph. In 1900 he produced the Kitchell Composite Madonna, a merging of themost important madonnas painted by the great masters of 300 years, which attracted wide attention in America and Europe. In 1915 he invented and patented a new method of reproducing pictures known as "subchromatic art," examples of which were accepted by the Metropolitan Museum, Congressional Library, British Museum, and Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. With Ordnance dept in Washington as captain in WWI. He produced the official Red Cross allegorical picture Thine Is the Glory in 1919, which was given to the War Department and presented by them to the Red Cross. Mason. d. June 1, 1947.

Horatio Herbert Kitchener (18501916) British Field Marshal of WWI and 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum and Broome. b. Sept. 22, 1850 at Guns-borough Villa, near Ballylongford, Kerry, Ireland. He was educated in the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and commissioned in the Royal Engineers in 1871. He served in Wolseley's expedition for relief of General Gordon in 1884, and was governor general of Eastern Sudan in 1886. In 1898 he invaded Sudan, annihilated the Khalifa's army at Omdurman, and reoccupied Khartoum. He was governor general of Sudan in 1899. In 1900-02 he organized forces to combat the Boers and was commander-inchief of India from 1902-09, being made field marshal on the latter date. In 1914 he was secretary of state for war, and organized the British forces for WWI. He was lost at sea in the sinking of the British cruiser, H.M.S. Hampshire, sunk off the Orkney Islands, June 6, 1916. He is thought to have entered Freemasonry in Egypt. In 1885 he was one of the founders of Drury Lane Lodge No. 2127 of London. He was made past grand warden of the Grand Lodge of England in 1897; district grand master of Egypt and the Soudan in 1899; and past grand warden of district grand lodge of Punjab, India, in 1902. Four

William W. Kitchin (1866-1924) Governor of North Carolina, 1909-13. b. Oct. 9, 1866 near Scotland Neck, N.C. Graduate of Wake Forest Coll. in 1884. He edited the Scotland Neck Democrat in 1885. He was admitted to the bar in 1887, and practiced at Roxboro from 1888. Kitchin was a member of the 55th through 60th U.S. congresses (1897-1909) from 5th N.C. dist. He received his degrees in Scotland Neck Lodge No. 470 in Jan., 1897. He affiliated with Person Lodge No. 113, Roxboro, Nov. 13, 1899. He affiliated with Hiram Lodge No. 40 of Raleigh, Nov. 6, 1916. On Feb. 13, 1911, as governor he attended the dedication of a marker to Joseph Monfort, q.v., and spoke briefly to the assembly. d. Nov. 9, 1924.

Alfred B. Kittredge (1861-1911) U.S. Senator from South Dakota, 1901-09. b. March 26, 1861 in Cheshire Co., N.H. Graduate of Yale in 1882 and 1885. Admitted to the bar in 1885, and began practice at Sioux Falls, S.D. He was a member of the state senate from 1889-93. A member of Minnehaha Lodge No. 5, Sioux Falls, he received his degrees, Feb. 14, April 19, and May 20, 1887. d. in 1911.

Frank A. Kittredge Chief Engineer, U.S. National Park Service from 1947. b. March 29, 1883 in Glyn-don, Minn. Graduate of U. of Washington. He was with state and federal highway commissions until 1927, when he became chief engineer of the National Park Service. From 1937-40 he was regional director of region four for that service. From 1940-41 he was superintendent of Grand Canyon National Park, and superintendent of Yosemite National Park from 1941-47, at which time he returned to the Department of Interior as chief engineer. Served in WWI in Engineering Corps. Mason.

George Klapka (1820-1892) Hungarian Revolutionary General. (Gyorgy in Hungarian.) He led the Northern Hungarian army in 1849, and served in the battle of Kapolna, and at Komarno with distinction. He defended Komarno, capitulating on honorable terms in 1849. He was in exile from 1849-67. He organized the Hungarian legion with Kossuth, q.v., in Italy in 1859, and with Bismarck in 1866 in Upper Silesia. He returned to Hungary following the amnesty of 1867, and supported the Deak party as a member of the Hungarian parliament. His original lodge is not known, but he was a founder of the Lodge Mathias Corvinus at Budapest.

Marc Klaw (1858-1936) Theatrical Producer. b. May 29, 1858 in Paducah, Ky. He studied law and was admitted to the bar, but in 1881 he became associated with the stage as a producer, and became one of the noted producers of the "gay nineties." He was president of Marc Klaw, Inc., and an officer of other corporations. In WWI he was in charge of military entertainment services of the War Department. He became a member of the famous theatrical lodge—Pacific Lodge No. 233, New York City, and was raised, July 16, 1903. d. June 14, 1936.

Richard M. Kleberg U.S. Congressman, 72nd through 78th Congresses (1931-45) from 14th Texas dist. b. Nov. 18, 1887 in Corpus Christi, Texas, the grandson of Richard King, founder of the fabulous 1,250,000 acre King Ranch. Graduate of U. of Texas in 1911, and in that year began as foreman of the King Ranch. He was active in the management of the same until 1924. Trustee of estate of Mrs. H. M. King. Member of Chamberlain Lodge No. 913, Kingville, Texas. His father was a member of the same lodge.

Eugene H. Kleinpell President of State Teachers College, River Falls, Wis. since 1946. b. May 11, 1903 at

32 Adolph Franz Freiderich Ludwig, Baron Von Knigge Monona, Iowa. Graduate of Iowa U., Chicago U., and Ohio State U. He taught at Kemper Military School, Boonville, Mo. from 1926-31, and then headed departments at Northern Montana College (Havre), Morningside Coll. (Sioux City, Ia.), and Northwest Missouri State Teachers Coll. (Maryville). He was president of the State Teachers Coll. (Valley City, ND.) from 1942-46. Mason.

Harry J. Klingler Vice President of General Motors from 1942. b. July 5, 1889 in St. Clair, Mich. With Delco Light Co., 1919-22; Chevrolet Motor Co. from 1922 to 1933, being general sales manager from 1927-33; general manager Pontiac division of General Motors from 1933. Member of Evergreen Lodge No. 9, St. Clair, Mich., receiving degrees on March 4, April 27, and June 15, 1918.

Friedrich G. Klopstock (1724-1803) German poet. He studied theology at Jena in 1745, and drafted prose for the beginning of the religious epic, The Messiah. He recast it into hexameters at Leipzig in 1746, and published it anonymously in 1748. He was invited to Copenhagen by the king of Denmark in 1751, and remained there on pension until 1770. Other works include Oden; Geistliche Lieder; Die Deutsche Gelehrtenrepublik Der Tod Adams; and others. Bulletin of International Masonic Congress in 1917 lists him as a Freemason.

George B. F. Kloss (1788-1854) German physician and author. A resident of Frankfort, he was grand master of the "Electic Grand Lodge" many times. He collected a large Masonic library, and in 1844 published the Bibliography of Freemasonry, (first of such published), containing more than 5,000 Masonic references. d. Feb. 10, 1854.

Bradford Knapp (1870-1938) College president. b. Dec. 24, 1870 at Vinton, Iowa. Graduate of Vanderbilt U. and U. of Mich. Practiced law at Clarion, Ia. from 1899-1909, and engaged in agricultural extension work. Was president of Oklahoma A. & M. Coll., 1923-28; Alabama Polytechnic Inst., 1928-33; and Texas Technological Coll. from 1933. Mason. d. June 11, 1938.

Francis J. Knauss Justice, Supreme Court of Colorado since 1951. b. Aug. 30, 1884 in Chicago. Graduate of U. of Colorado in 1905 and practiced law at Denver until 1946. Was judge of district court at Denver, 1946-51. Raised in Temple Lodge No. 84, Denver, in April, 1908. Was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Colorado in 1940-41. Member of Denver Chapter No. 2, R.A.M., Denver, and grand high priest of Grand Chapter of Colorado in 1952-53. Member of Colorado Commandery No. 1, K.T. and 33° AASR (SJ) in Denver. Member of Red Cross of Constantine and past potentate of El Jebel Shrine Temple, Denver.

Adolph Franz Freiderich Ludwig, Baron Von Knigge (1752-1796) German author. b. Oct. 16, 1752 at Brendenbeck, near Hanover. He wrote novels and stories, and a translation of Mozart's Figaro (1791). His most popular non-Masonic work was On Conversation With Men. Although he was one of the most prominent Freemasons of his time, his association with the fraternity would wax from hot to cold, and he finally became an anti-Mason. He was initiated Jan. 20, 1772, in a lodge of the Strict Observance rite at Cassel, but was not impressed with the institution, writing Prince Charles of Hesse, q.v., that its ceremonies were "absurd, juggling tricks." In 1780 he entered the Order of the Illuminati, which had been set up by Weishaupt, q.v., as a grandiose new society of his own, with vague

33 Felix H. Knight but vast aims. Among the Illuminati, Knigge was known as Philo. When he appealed to Weishaupt for more light, the latter confessed that the higher degrees did not exist except in his own brain, and influenced Knigge to extend the system to the highest degrees, promising him full authority. Knigge secured the aid of Bode, q.v., and was quite successful in propagating the rite. When Weishaupt interfered, Knigge became disgusted and withdrew from the order, and soon afterwards entirely from Freemasonry. His Masonic books included: On the Jesuits, Freemasons and Rosicrucians; Essay on Freemasonry, and Contribution Towards the Latest History of the Order of Freemasons. His last Masonic book was entitled Philo's Final Declaration (1788). d. May 6, 1796.

Felix H. Knight Vice President of American Federation of Labor from 1936. b. Dec. 10, 1878 in Montgomery Co. Mo. In 1902 he became an officer of Association of Railway Carmen; assistant general president in 1913, and president in 1935. He was a member of the board of directors of Union Labor Life Insurance Co. from 1935. Member of East Gate Lodge No. 630, Kansas City, Mo. and 32° AASR (SJ).

Goodwin Knight Governor of California from 1953. b. Dec. 9, 1896 at Provo, Utah. Graduate of Stanford U. in 1919. Admitted to Calif. bar in 1921, and was in private practice until 1925; a partner with Thomas Reynolds until 1935. He was judge of the superior court of Calif. from 1935-46, and lieutenant governor 1946-53. He is the former owner and operator of the Elephant Mining Co., Kern Co., Calif. He served in the U.S. Navy in WWI. Member of Westlake Lodge No. 392 of Los Angeles; 32° AASR (SJ) at Los Angeles and Al Malaikah Shrine Temple.

Nehemiah R. Knight (1780-1854) Governor of Rhode Island, 1817-21,and U.S. Senator, 1820-41. b. Dec. 31, 1780 in Cranston, R.I. He represented Cranston in the state legislature in 1800, and moved to Providence in 1802, where he was clerk of the court of common pleas. During the administration of Madison, he was collector of customs at Providence. Member of St. John's Lodge No. 2, Providence. d. April 19, 1854.

Telfair Knight Rear Admiral, U.S. Maritime Service. b. July 12, 1888 in Jacksonville, Fla. Graduate of Sewanee Military Academy and U. of the South. He was president of Knight Crockery and Furniture Co., Jacksonville, Fla., 1908-15, and practiced law there from 1915-23. He was president of the Peacock Motion Picture Co., Shanghai, China, and New York from 1930-34. He became secretary of the U.S. Maritime Commission in 1936, and was successively director of training, chief of bureau, and commandant of the service from 1948. Received rank of commodore in 1944, and rear admiral in 1946. Mason and 32° AASR.

Thomas E. Knight (1868-1943) Justice, Supreme Court of Alabama from 1931. b. Oct. 13, 1868 in Greensboro, Ala. Graduate of Southern U. and U. of Alabama. Admitted to the bar in 1888, practicing at Selma. Was member of state house of representatives, and circuit judge. Mason. d. April 11, 1943.

Joseph F. Knipe (1823-1901) Union Brigadier General in Civil War. b. Nov. 30, 1823 in Mount Joy, Pa. He served in the ranks through the Mexican War, and in 1861 organized the 46th Penn. regiment, and commissioned its colonel. Made brigadier general of volunteers in 1862. He served in the Army of the Potomac and of Cumberland, commanding a brigade and then a division, until the fall of Atlanta, when he became chief of cavalry of the Army of Tennessee. He was wounded five times. Mustered

34 William F. Knowland out of service in Sept. 1865; he was superintendent of the military prison at Ft. Leavenworth, Kans. in 1887. Member of Perseverance Lodge No. 21, Harrisburg, Pa. receiving degrees on Aug. 15, Sept. 9, and Sept. 11, 1861. d. Aug. 18, 1901.

Tully C. Knoles President of College of Pacific, Stockton, Calif, 191946, and Chancellor since 1946. b. Jan. 6, 1876 at Petersburg, Ill. Graduate of U. of Southern California in 1903 and 1908. He was head of the history department of U. of Southern California from 1909-19. Raised Feb. 22, 1919 in University Lodge No. 394, Los Angeles; affiliated with Friendship Lodge No. 210, San Jose on Oct. 2, 1919; and with San Joaquin Lodge No. 19, Stockton on Nov. 3, 1926.

Douglas D. Knoop (1883-1948) English professor who did valuable original research on the operative period of the Craft. b. Sept. 16, 1883 in Manchester, England. He studied in England, Germany, and Switzerland, and became professor of economics at Sheffield U. From 1923 until his death in 1948, he produced a series of papers and books mainly on the operative craft. They include The Medieval Mason and The Genesis of Freemasonry. He was a member of University Lodge No. 3911 of Sheffield. Curiously, his colleagues in his -research were not Freemasons. d. Oct. 21, 1948.

J. Proctor Knott (1830-1911) Governor of Kentucky, 1883-87; U.S. Congressman from Kentucky, 40th and 41st Congresses (1867-71), and 45th through 47th Congresses (1877-83). b. Aug. 29, 1830 near Lebanon, Ky. He studied law at the age of 16, and in May, 1850 went to Memphis, Mo., where he was employed in the county clerk's office until he was 21, and licensed to practice. In 1858 he was elected to the Missouri legislature, and from 1859-61 he was attorney general of Mo. At the beginning of the Civil War he was arrested by General Lyon and taken to St. Louis under surveillance because he refused to take the test-oath of office prescribed for officials. He moved to Lebanon, Ky. in 1862, where he practiced law. He received his degrees in Memphis Lodge No. 16, Memphis, Mo. about 1851, and later served as master of the lodge. After his return to Ky. he affiliated with Lebanon Lodge No. 87. He was a Royal Arch Mason and Knight Templar. d. 1911.

William L. Knous Federal Judge and Governor of Colorado, 1947-50. b. Feb. 2, 1889 in Ouray, Colo. Graduate of U. of Colorado in 1911, and admitted to the state bar that year. He served in the state general assembly, 1928-30, and in senate, 193036, being president in the last two years. In 1937-46 he was justice of the supreme court of Colorado. He was made judge of the U.S. District Court for Colorado in 1950, and since 1954, has been chief judge of the same. Member of Inspiration Lodge No. 143, Denver, Colo., 32° and KCCH AASR (SJ) at Denver. Member of El Jebel Shrine Temple and DeMolay Legion of Honor.

William F. Knowland U.S. Senator from California since 1945. b. June 26, 1908 in Alameda, Calif. Graduate of U. of California in 1929. He has been assistant publisher of the Oakland Tribune since 1933. He was a member of the state assembly, 1933-35, and of state senate, 1935-39. He enlisted in the U.S. Army as a private in 1942, and advanced to major. He was overseas with the Army when appointed U.S. senator in 1945 to fill the unexpired term of Hiram W. Johnson, q.v. Married at 18, he was the youngest state senator at 27, and the youngest member of the U.S. senate at 37. He was raised July 10, 1930 in Oak Grove Lodge No. 215 at Alameda, Calif.; 32° AASR (SJ) at Oakland and member of Aahmes Shrine Temple at Oakland. His father, Joseph R. Knowland, is

Henry Knox (1750-1806) Major General in American Revolution and 1st Secretary of War under Washington. b. July 25, 1750 in Boston, Mass. Orphaned at age of 12, he was apprenticed to a bookseller, and in 1771 opened the "London Book Store" in Boston when he was 21. He attempted to prevent the Boston Massacre of 1770. His military knowledge was gained from the textbooks which he supplied to British officers. He joined the American forces at the outbreak of the war and fought at Bunker Hill. He planned the defenses of the camps before Boston, and brought much needed artillery from Lake George and the border. At Trenton he crossed the river before the main body and rendered such service that he was made brigadier general and chief of artillery in the Continental Army. He was present at Princeton, Monmouth, and Yorktown; and after the surrender of Cornwallis was made major general (1781). He took the initial steps in creating the U.S. Military Academy in 1779; was a member of the court-martial which tried Major Andre in 1780; and commanded West Point in 1782. He was one of Washington's most trusted advisors and a close personal friend. In April, 1783 he drafted the plan of a society to be formed by American and French officers of the Revolution, to be called the Cincinnati. He was first secretary-general of the society from 1783-99, and vice president in 1805. He was secretary of War in 1785-94, being the first to hold that office under the Federal government. His plan to organize a national militia system was thwarted by the Republicans. His Masonic membership is hazy, but he is thought to have been a member of St. John's Regimental Lodge at Morristown, N.J., which was warranted in 1775. He is credited with helping to constitute Washington Lodge at West Point in 1779, and is recorded as a visitor to Williamsburg Lodge No. 6, Williamsburg, Va.; St. John's Lodge, Boston; Amity Lodge No. 6, Camden, Maine; and Orient No. 15, Thomaston, Maine. Major General Henry Knox Lodge of Boston, Mass. was named in his honor and constituted aboard the famous Old Ironsides in the Charlestown Navy Yard, March 17, 1926. d. Oct. 25, 1806.

Philander C. Knox (1853-1921) U.S. Secretary of State, 1909-13, and U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania, 190409, and 1917-21. b. May 6, 1853 in Brownsville, Pa. Graduate of Mount Union Coll. (Ohio) in 1872, and admitted to the bar in 1875. He was U.S. attorney general in the cabinets of McKinley and Roosevelt, 1901-04. As attorney general he filed suit and won decision against the Northern Securities Co., and drew up legislation creating the U.S. department of Commerce and Labor in 1903. As secretary of State he initiated what is known as "dollar diplomacy." As U.S. senator he was prominent in opposition of U.S. entry into the League of Nations. Member of Fellowship Lodge No. 679, Pittsburgh. d. Oct. 12, 1921.

- William Franklin Knox (1874-1944) Secretary of Navy 1940-44; newspaper publisher. b. Jan. 1, 1874 in Boston, Mass. Graduate of Alma Coll. (Mich.) in 1898. Started with Grand Rapids Herald (Mich.), as a reporter in 1898, and in 1901 became publisher of the Sault Ste. Marie News (Mich.). He published the Manchester Leader (N.H.) in 1912-13, and the Manchester Union and Leader from 1913. Between 1927-31 he also published the Boston American, Boston Daily Advertiser, and Boston Sunday Advertiser. At one time he was general manager of the Hearst newspapers. With Theodore Ellis, he purchased the Chicago

36 Walter J. Kohler Daily News in 1931, and became its publisher. He served in the Spanish-American War with the famous "Rough Riders" (1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry). In WWI he served overseas with the field artillery, as captain through to colonel. He was the Republican nominee for vice president of the U.S. in 1936, and although he still adhered to his Republican politics, F. D. Roosevelt appointed him secretary of the Navy in his cabinet. He was raised in Bethel Lodge No. 358, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. in 1908; 32° AASR in New Hampshire Consistory, Nashua, N.H.; and member of Bektash Shrine Temple of Concord, N.H. d. April 28, 1944.

William S. Knudsen (1879-1948) President of General Motors, 1937-48; Lieutenant General U.S. Army in WWII in charge of production for War Dept. b. March 25, 1879 in Denmark. He served apprenticeship as a bicycle mechanic in Denmark, and came to U.S. at age of 20, where he first worked in the shipyards in New York. He was later employed by the Erie Railroad and Ford Motor Co. In 1921 he became general manager of Matthews & Ireland Mfg. Co., and in 1922, a vice president of Chevrolet Motor Co., and later president. From 1933-37 he was executive vice president of General Motors with supervisory control of all their automobiles and body manufacturing. A member of Palestine Lodge No. 357, Detroit, he received his degrees, April 28, Sept. 18, and Nov. 13, 1914. Received 33° AASR (NJ) on Sept. 9, 1943. d. April 27, 1948.

Oscar R. Knutson Justice, Supreme Court of Minnesota since 1948. b. Oct. 9, 1899 in Superior, Wis. Graduate of U. of Minnesota in 1927, and practiced law at Warren from 192740. He was mayor of Warren, 1936-41, resigning to take post as district court judge, a position he held from 1941-48. Member of Warren Lodge No. 150, Warren, Minn.; Pierson Chapter No. 41, R.A.M. and Constantine Commandery No. 2, K.T. both of Crookston, Minn. Shrine membership in Kern Temple of Grand Forks, N.D.

William Koch Former president of National Life Insurance Co. of Des Moines. Was in insurance business 50 years, 27 of them as president of the above company. Retired in 1956. Venerable grand prior, and sovereign grand inspector general, 33°, Active, AASR (SJ). Received 32° in 1902; KCCH in 1913, and 33° in 1917. Appointed deputy for Iowa in 1935 and crowned active member in 1937. Initiated in Home Lodge No. 370, Des Moines in 1900; also member of chapter, council, commandery, Red Cross of Constantine, National Sojourners, DeMolay, and Shrine.

Herbert C. Kohler (1891-1953) Managing editor of Reading Times (Pa.) b. Jan. 27, 1891 in Berks Co., Pa. Started as feature writer on Reading Herald (Pa.) in 1909, and from 1916-21 was an accountant with Bethlehem Steel Co. He later edited the Allentown (Pa.) Record, and was city editor of Norristown (Pa.) Times-Herald. He campaigned to end coal mine pollution and to clean the Schuylkill River. Member of Chandler Lodge No. 227, Reading, Pa., receiving degrees on Dec. 11, 1948, Jan. 26 and Feb. 23, 1949. 32° AASR (NJ) and Shriner. d. Dec. 27, 1953.

Walter J. Kohler (1875-1940) Governor of Wisconsin, 1929-30; President of Kohler Co., 1905-37; and chairman of board from 1937. b. March 3, 1875 in Sheboygan, Wis. He became associated with the Kohler Co. in 1890. His father was founder of the company. He was a participant in making Kohler, Wis. an American industrial garden city, for which he was awarded the national service fellowship by the Society of Arts and Sciences, N.Y. in 1934. He was an officer of many railroads and corporations. Be-

37 Takashi Komatsu came a member of Sheboygan Lodge No. 11, Sheboygan, Wis. in 1896. d. April 21, 1940.

Takashi Komatsu Japanese business executive and the first native born Japanese to become master of a Masonic lodge (Tokyo Lodge No. 125 of Toyko, Japan under Philippine constitution in 1955). b. March, 1886 in Mishima, Shizuoka-ken, Japan. Graduate of Monmouth Coll. in 1910 and Harvard in 1911. Secretary to president of Oriental Steamship Co., 1914-21; member of Japanese delegation to conference on limitation of naval armaments in 1921; member of three-power naval conference at Geneva in 1927; managing director of Asano Shipbuilding Co., 1928-40; director of Nippon Steel Tube Co., 1940-46, and vice president in 1946, retiring in 1946. Mason, 32° AASR and Shriner.

Jan Amos Komensky (1592-1670) Czech theologian and educator, whose writings and thoughts did much to lay the background for Freemasonry. He studied in Heidelberg; was driven by the Spanish into Poland in 1621. He gained fame by innovations in methods of teaching, especially of languages. He was called to Sweden in 1642, to improve the educational system. He was the last bishop (elected 1648) of the Unitas Fratrum at Leszno. After Leszno was burned by the Poles in 1656, he settled in Amsterdam, where he died, Nov. 15, 1670. He was the author of the first textbook with pictures adapted for teaching of children. In Sept., 1628 he became associated with the secret society, "Cross of Roses." He was master of this pre-Masonic organization that was based on Egyptian and Arabian mysteries. His thesis was "The construction of the Temple of Wisdom on the principles which were fixed by the Creator of the World—the God.”

John Konkerpot (or Konkipot) American Indian, who was the son ofthe grand sachem of the Oneida tribe. He supposedly was initiated in a lodge at Newburyport, Mass. He was a member of the "Munsey" division in the Revolution, and it is claimed that he impoverished himself to help the American cause. He later received Masonic aid.

John C. Koons (1873-1937) Chairman of committee which developed parcel post in the U.S.; 1st Assistant Postmaster General; Vice President of Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co. b. Feb. 13, 1873 in Patapsco, Md. Began in railway mail service and was subsequently inspector of Kansas City division (1906-11) ; division superintendent of railway mail at Cleveland; chief postoffice inspector, 1911-16; 1st assistant postmaster general, 1916-21. Mason. d. April 12, 1937.

Frederick B. Koontz (1889-1953) President of Mid-Continent Petroleum Corp., 1946-48 and Vice Chairman of Board since 1948. b. July 14, 1889 at New Martinsville, W.Va. Started working for oil companies in 1908. Was chemist with Union Oil of Calif., Shell Petroleum, Standard Oil. With Mid-Continent from 1917. From 192846 he was vice president and director in charge of manufacturing. Breeder -of thoroughbred horses, cattle and sheep. Member of Petroleum Lodge No. 474 at Tulsa, Okla., receiving degrees on Jan. 16, May 28 and June 25, 1920. d. Oct. 29, 1953.

Herman P. Kopplemann (1880-1957) U.S. Congressman to 75th, 77th and 79th Congresses from 1st Conn. dist. b. May 1, 1880 in Odessa, Russia, and was brought to America in 1882. He began as a newsboy in Hartford, Conn. in 1888. Was a publisher's agent for newspapers and magazines. He served one term in the state legislature and two in the state senate. He was vice president of the United Synagogue of America. Initiated in

38 Lajos (Louis) Kossuth St. John's Lodge No. 4, Hartford, Conn. on Nov. 15, 1911. d. Aug. 11, 1957.

Paul R. Korbel Dr. Korbel was secretary of the Czechoslovakian lodge "Comenius in Exile" established in London, England in July, 1941. Its membership was made up of Czech exiles. After the war he became grand secretary of the National Grand Lodge of Czechoslovakia (Nov. 1946), but with the advent of communism in that country, Masonic meetings were prohibited and all Masonic groups ceased work. He had received the Royal Arch degrees in England with the idea of establishing Royal Arch Masonry in his own country at a propitious time. He is now a resident of New York City.

Thaddeus Kosciusko (1746-1817) Polish patriot and General of American Revolution. Full name was Tadeusz Andrzej Bonawentura Kosciuszko (in Polish). b. Feb. 12, 1746 in Minsk, Lithuania. He was educated in the Royal Coll. at Warsaw, graduating in 1769. He then studied engineering and artillery in France, and came to America with a recommendation from Franklin to General Washington. He was appointed colonel of engineers in the Continental army, Oct. 18, 1776, and was in charge of constructing the fortifications at West Point, 1778-80, and in charge of transportation in Green's retreat of 1781. He was made brigadier general, Oct. 13, 1783, and was one of the founders of the Order of Cincinnati. He returned to Poland in 1784, and became a major general in the Polish army in 1879. He led the rebellion of 1794, and became dictator of Poland, but was captured and imprisoned by Russia from 1794-96. He visited America in 1797-98, and was a resident of France from 1798. d. in Switzerland when his horse fell off a cliff on Oct. 15, 1817. Although he is often referred to as a Mason, there is no definite Lodge No. 1085 of New York City was warranted, May 3, 1928, and named in his honor. At this time, it is the only Polish lodge in the world.

Lajos (Louis) Kossuth (1802-1894) Hungarian patriot and statesman. b. in 1802 at Monok, Hungary. Imprisoned by Austrian government on political charges from 1837-40, during which time he taught himself English. In 1841 he become editor of the Pesti Hirlap, prominent Hungarian daily newspaper, and through its pages presented his liberal views. The liberal party seated him as finance minister in the government of 1848. He persuaded the Hungarian national assembly to declare independence from Austria (1848-49), and he was appointed governor of Hungary with dictatorial powers. When the insurrection was crushed, Aug. 11, 1849, Kosuth fled into exile in Turkey, where he was imprisoned from 184951, and finally released by the intervention of the U.S., which sent the U.S. Mississippi to bring him to London; later he came to the U.S., residing in this country in 1951-52. He then returned to England and remained there several years. In 1859 he went to Italy, where he organized an Hungarian legion and rendered valiant service to the Italian liberators, Mazzini and Garibaldi, qq.v. He lived in Italy the rest of his life, dying at Turin, March 20, 1894, at the age of 91. On Feb. 18, 1852, Cincinnati Lodge No. 133, Cincinnati, Ohio, received an extraordinary letter. It was a hand written petition from Kossuth: "To the Worshipful Master, Wardens and Brethren of Cincinnati Lodge No. 133 of Free and Accepted Masons. The petition of the subscriber respectfully showeth that having long entertained a favorable opinion of your ancient institution, he is desirous of being admitted a member thereof if found worthy. Being an exile for liberty's sake, he has now no fixed place of resi- proof of his membership. Kosciuszko dence, is now staying at Cincinnati;

39 August Friedrich F. von Kotzebue his age is 491/2 years, his occupation is to restore his native land, Hungary, to its national independence, and to achieve by community of action with other nations, civil and religious liberty in Europe. Louis Kossuth." At the same time petitions were received from the following members of his staff—Col. Count Gregory Bethlen, Peter A. Nagi, Paul Hajnik, and Ulius Utosy Strasser. The petitions were made a case of emergency, and the next day they were initiated (Feb. 19) and passed, and raised the following day. Kossuth and his staff also became members of Cincinnati Chapter No. 2, RA.M., according to Dr. James J. Tyler, historian of the Grand Lodge of Ohio. On Feb. 28, 1852, Kossuth attended a meeting of Center Lodge No. 23, Indianapolis, and addressed the lodge, followed by a visit to St. John's Lodge No. 1 of Newark, N.J. On May 10, 1852 he addressed the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts.

August Friedrich F. von Kotzebue (1761-1819) German author and dramatist. He was the author of over 200 dramatic works including tragedies, historical verse, dramas, comedies, and farces. In 1818 he wrote Der Freimaurer (The Freemason), a play, at Leipsic. He was in Russian civil service from 1781-90„ and later retired to Paris and Mainz to devote himself to writing. On his return to Russia, he was arrested on political grounds and taken to Siberia in 1800. He managed to win the favor of Paul I, q.v., and was released in 1801. He became the director of the German theater in St. Petersburg, but became unpopular through quarrels with Goethe, q.v., and his attacks on the romantic school. He then edited several journals in Germany, and was Russian consul general in Koningsberg, and political observer for Russia in 1817. He was a member of the Royal Lodge of Three Axes. Stabbed to death by a university student for ridiculing the Burschenschaft movement.

Walter E. Krafft Vice President of Continental Casualty Co., Chicago, from 1941. b. Sept. 15, 1890 in Chicago. Graduate Kent Coll. of Law, 1920. Has been with Continental since 1919, beginning as assistant to vice president, and later secretary. Member of Austin Lodge No. 850, Chicago, Ill. Shriner.

Kenneth Kramer Managing Editor of Business Week, New York City since 1954. b. April 28, 1904 in Batesville, Ind. Graduate of DePauw U. in 1927. Edited newspapers in Ind. and Calif., and was Pacific coast editor of the Wall Street Journal from 1930-34, and news editor of same at Washington, 1935-44. Became executive editor of Business Week in 1946. Member of Batesville Lodge No. 668, Batesville, Ind.

Nelson G. Kraschel Governor of Iowa, 1937-38. b. Oct. 27, 1889 at Macon, Ill. A live stock auctioneer from 1910, he has conducted sales in 22 states and Canada, selling more than 50 million dollars worth of agricultural property. Was lieutenant governor of Iowa from 1933-37. Member of South Macon Lodge No. 467, Macon, Ill.

Sydney M. Kraus Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy. b. July 16, 1887 in Peru, Ind. Graduate of U.S. Naval Academy in 1908. Received degrees in Miami Lodge No. 67, Peru, Ind. on Sept. 3, 20, 23, 1915. Member of Peru Chapter No. 62, RA.M., Peru, Ind.

Carl Christian F. Krause (17811832) German Philosopher and Masonic author. b. May 6, 1781 in Eisenberg, Germany. Received Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1801, and taught at U. of Jena until 1805, when he moved to Dresden, where he remained until 1813. He sought to purify the German language, and advocated a union of mankind to work toward a goal of universal development. He also created the "all-in-God" philosophical system of pantheism—the

40 Frederick C. Kroeger doctrine that God includes the world as apart, though not the whole, of His being. He was initiated in the Lodge Archimedes in 1805. The German craft at this time was only for the elect, the noble, the rich, and the great, hence Masonic literature was scarce, poor, and usually incorrect. Krause, an intelligent man, began to write the Masonic literature he could not find. As orator of the Lodge of the Three Swords, he placed his ideas before the lodge and they were well received. But when he proposed to put his ideas into print, to make Freemasonry the germinating ground of a world order for peace and prosperity, his Masonic superiors became frightened. When he did publish his Three Oldest Documents of the Brotherhood of Freemasons, he ran into Masonic grief. The three German grand lodges tried to buy his work to destroy it, but failing in that he was expelled from Freemasonry and persecuted by Freemasons for the rest of his life. Today, Krause stands as perhaps the greatest gift of German Freemasonry to the Masonic world. His progressive mind was ahead of his time. d. Sept. 27, 1832.

Sebastian S. Kresge Founder and president of the chain stores bearing his name. b. July 31, 1867, in Bald Mount, Pa. Early in life he was a bookkeeper in Scranton and salesman in Wilkes-Barre. He started in the 5 & 10¢ store with J. G. McCrory at Memphis in 1897. In 1912 the syndicate name was changed to S. S. Kresge Co., Inc., of which he is chairman of the board. It operates about 700 stores in U.S. and Canada. He is chairman of the board of The Fair Dept. Store, Chicago. He is founder, sole donor, trustee and treasurer of the Kresge Foundation, Detroit. Member of Palestine Lodge No. 357, Detroit, Mich.

Samuel H. Kress (1863-1955) Founder of S. H. Kress & Co.; philanthropist. b. in 1863 in Cherryville, of a family that dates back to the American Revolution. As a youth he worked in the stone quarries, studied diligently, and at 17 obtained a teaching certificate. His first pedagogical job was handling a class of 80 pupils of all ages for $25 a month, and walking three miles each way to school. He then entered the retail mercantile business at Nanticoke, Pa. in 1887. He went into the wholesale stationery business at Wilkes-Barre, Pa. in 1890, and these developed into the present S. H. Kress & Co., 5-10-250 stores in 29 states. He was the founder and president of the Samuel H. Kress Foundation. Kress was unmarried. An avid art lover, he acquired a collection of paintings and sculpture, particularly of the Italian school, which was presented, virtually intact, to the National Gallery of Art in Washington. In 1929 he gave the Italian government a large sum for the restoration of a number of architectural treasures of that country. Many American museums and art galleries have received valuable paintings and sculpture from him. The Kress Foundation has dispensed millions to worthy organizations and institutions. Mason. d. Sept 22, 1955.

Herbert F. Krimendahl President of Stokely-Van Camp, Inc. since 1948. b. in 1896 at Celina, Ohio. Began with Crampton Canneries at Celina in 1919, and was president from 1923-44. Served as vice president of Stokely Foods, Inc. at Indianapolis, 1944-46, and became executive vice president of Stokely-Van Camp in 1946; president in 1948, director in 1946, vice chairman of board from 1956. President of National Canners Assn. in 1940. Member of Celina Lodge No. 241, Celina, Ohio. Shriner.

Frederick C. Kroeger (1888-1944) Vice President of General Motors Corp. from 1940. b. April 27, 1888 in Winona, Minn. Graduate of Purdue

41 Nicolai Johan Lohmann Krog U. in 1911. Was a student engineer with General Electric from 1911-13. Became chief engineer of Remey Electric Division of General Motors, 1922, and general manager of same from 1929-40. He was general manager of the Allison Division of General Motors from 1940. Mason. d. Aug. 10, 1944.

Nicolai Johan Lohmann Krog (1787-1856) Norwegian Secretary of State for War. Was master of Lodge No. 1, St. Oland til den hvide Leopard (1833-56) and first master of St. Andrew's Lodge Oscar at den flantmende Stjerne (1841-44).

Haagen Andreas Magnus Krogh (1813-1863) Judge. The first master of the Norwegian Steward's Lodge (1859-1863). A K. of C. of the Order of King Charles XIII.

Glenn R. Krueger Vice President of General Mills from 1946. b. Nov. 24, 1901 at Fenton, Iowa. Graduate of Hamline U. in 1924. Has been with General Mills since 1925 as district sales manager, director of flour merchandising, assistant general sales manager, general sales manager, and general flour sales manager. Mason.

Walter Krueger General, U.S. Army. b. Jan. 26, 1881 in Faltow, Germany. He served as an enlisted man from 1898-1901, when he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 30th Infantry, advancing through grades to brigadier general in 1936, major general in 1939, lieutenant general in 1941, general March 5, 1945, retiring in July, 1946. He served in the Spanish-American War, Philippine Insurrection, Mexican border. In WWI he served overseas as chief of staff of the A.E.F. Tank Corps. After the war he served as instructor in various service schools. He was chief of the War Plans Division of the War Department and member of the joint Army and Navy Board, 1936-38. His commands have included the 6th In-fantry, 16th Infantry, 2nd Division, VIII Corps (1940-41), Third Army (1941-43), Sixth Army (in Southwest Pacific including occupation of Japan). He is the author of From. Down, Under to Nippon and The Story of the Sixth Army in World War II; and has translated and published many military books from the German. Member of Hancock Lodge No. 311 at Ft. Leavenworth, Kans. since 1906. National Sojourner and Hero of '76.

Otto Kruger Actor in movies, radio, and television. b. 1885 in Toledo, Ohio. Member of St. Cecile Lodge No. 568, New York City. He was exalted in Corinthian Chapter No. 159, Brooklyn, Oct. 27, 1921; greeted in Columbia Council No. 1, R. & S.M., N.Y.C., April 6, 1922; and knighted in Ivanhoe Commandery No. 36, K.T. N.Y.C., March 30, 1922.

Wilmer Krusen (1869-1943) President of Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science, 1927-41. b. May 18, 1869 in Richboro, Pa. Received M.D. degree from Jefferson Medical Coll. (Philadelphia) in 1893. He began as a pharmacy clerk in 1886, and became professor of gynecology at Temple U. in 1902. He was director of health of Philadelphia from 1916-28. Member of Olivet Lodge No. 607, Philadelphia, receiving degrees on Jan. 23, Feb. 27, _and March 27, 1906. 33° AASR (NJ). d. Feb. 9, 1943.

Franz C. Kuhn (1872-1926) Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Michigan, 1917-18. b. Feb. 8, 1872 in Detroit, Mich. Graduate of U. of Michigan in 1893 and 1894. Practiced law at Mt. Clemens. He served as prosecuting attorney, probate judge, and attorney general of Michigan. He was on the state supreme court from 1912-19, when he retired to become president of the Michigan Bell Telephone Co. Member of Mt. Clemens Lodge No. 6, Mt. Clemens, Mich., receiving degrees on March 29, June 6, and July 24, 1917. d. June 16, 1926.

42 Louis A. Kunzig William F. Kuhn (1849-1924) Neurologist; and General Grand High Priest of the General Grand Chapter, R.A.M., 1921-24. b. April 15, 1849 in Lyons, N.Y. He received an A.B. and A.M. from Wittenberg Coll. (Springfield, Ohio) in 1875, and 1878, and an M.D. from Jefferson Medical Coll. (Philadelphia) in 1884. He began medical practice at Kansas City, Mo. in 1888. From 1905-09 he was superintendent of the state asylum for the insane, and from 1900-05 was president of the Kansas City Coll. of Pharmacy. He was a professor of psychiatry at the U. of Kansas School of Medicine from 1904. Raised in Belle Center Lodge No. 347, Belle Center, Ohio, April 30, 1877, he affiliated with Patmos Lodge No. 97, El Dorado, Kans. serving as master three years. He was a charter member and first master of York Lodge No. 563, Kansas City, Mo. He was grand orator of the Grand Lodge of Missouri in 1893, and grand master in 1903. Exalted in Lafayette Chapter No. 60, R.A.M., Bellefontaine, Ohio in Feb., 1892, he affiliated with Orient Chapter No. 102, Kansas City, Mo. in 1888, served as high priest in 1891, and grand high priest of Missouri in 1897. He was elected general grand high priest of the General Grand Chapter, R.A.M. at Asheville, N.C. in 1921. Dr. Kuhn laid the foundation for the educational work of the General Grand Chapter - and wrote much on Freemasonry. He was greeted in Hiram Council No. 1, R. & S.M. in St. Louis, Mo., Nov. 1891, and became a charter member and first master of Shekinah Council No. 24, Kansas City. In 1893 (two years after he had received his degrees) he was made grand master of the Grand Council, R. & S.M. of Missouri. He was the author of the arrangement of the Super Excellent Master degree adopted at Indianapolis in 1912. Knighted in El Dorado Commandery No. 19, K.T., El Dorado, Kans. on June 8, 1887, he was commander in 1888, affiliating with Oriental Corn-mandery No. 35, Kansas City in Oct., 1889, and served as its commander in 1910. He was elected grand commander of the Grand Commandery of Missouri in 1910. Received 32° AASR (SJ) in Kansas City, Mo. and KCCH in Oct., 1923. He was first sovereign of Mary Conclave No. 5, Red Cross of Constantine at Kansas City, and was grand sovereign of the Grand Imperial Council in 1902, receiving the Grand Cross of the order at Boston in 1899. d. Sept. 1, 1924.

Elroy J. Kulas (1880-1952) President and Director of Midland Steel Products Co., Cleveland, Ohio. b. March 21, 1880 in Cleveland. Director of several railroads and corporations. Manufactured cartridge cases for Italian, French, British, and U.S. governments in WWI. Member of Woodward Lodge No. 508, Cleveland, Ohio, receiving degrees on Sept. 24, Oct. 8, and Nov. 5, 1902. 32° AASR (NJ). d. May 14, 1952.

Louis A. Kunzig (1882-1956) Brigadier General, U.S. Army. b. Jan. 6, 1882 at Altoona, Pa. Graduate of U.S. Military Academy in 1905, where he was a classmate of General Douglas McArthur, q.v. He served as secretary of the Alaska Road Commission in charge of purchases; as colonel of the 11th Infantry at Fort Benjamin Harrison near Indianapolis; commandant of Fort Wayne, Detroit, and of Camp Blanding, Fla. After his retirement in 1944, he was business manager of the Michigan Liquor Control Commission, and from 1952 was executive director of the Scottish Rite in Detroit, Mich. He entered Masonry early, becoming a member of Mountain Lodge No. 281, Altoona, Pa. Received the 32° AASR at Detroit in 1918, and 33° in Sept., 1938. In 1954 he was sovereign of St. Clement Conclave No. 39 of Red Cross of Constantine, Detroit. While he was commandant at Fort Wayne, he placed a paper on the desk of his adjutant to sign; it was a

43 Egor Andrevich Kushelev Scottish Rite petition. His adjutant was Lieutenant George E. Bushnell, q.v., who, since 1954 has been sovereign grand commander of the Scottish Rite, Northern Jurisdiction! d. Aug. 7, 1956 on a Baltimore & Ohio train en route to Washington, D.C.

Egor Andrevich Kushelev (17631826) Russian Lieutenant General, and Senator. He was deputy grand master of the Grand Lodge Astrea, and while Count Rgevussky, the grand master, was in Poland, Kushelev, as acting grand master, made a report to Emperor Alexander I, q.v., on the state of Russian Freemasonry (June, 1821). This report, undoubtedly, led to the edict of Alexander against all Freemasonry on August 1, 1822, and forever killed Freemasonry in Russia. Kushelev was a Mason of the old school; a very religious man and an extreme conservative. His Masonic ideal was the Swedish system, as originally introduced into Russia in the 18th century. When elected deputy grand master in 1820, he attempted to restore the old rules and doctrines as he saw them, but was opposed by other members. As a result, he recommended to the emperor that Masonry come under closer control of the government or be permanently closed. The emperor closed it! Mikhail Ilarionovich Kutuzov (1745-1813) Prince of Smolensk and Russian Field Marshal. b. in St. Petersburg. He served in Poland from 1764-69, and against the Turks in 177072 and 1811-12. He was ambassador at Constantinople, governor of Finland, and governor of St. Petersburg. He commanded an army in the wars against Napoleon (1805-12), and was defeated at Austerlitz. He was commander-in-chief against both the French and the Turks. He was one of the leading Russian Freemasons of the time.

Herbert W. Ladd (1843-?) Governor of Rhode Island, 1889-92. b. Oct. 15, 1843 in New Bedford, Mass. In dry goods business most of his life, forming firm of Ladd & Davis at Providence which later became The H. W. Ladd Co. In 1891 he presented a fully equipped astronomy observatory to Brown U. Member of Eureka Lodge, New Bedford, Mass. Suspended Aug. 6, 1880. Deceased.

Carl Laemmle (1867-1939) Motion picture executive. b. Jan. 17, 1867 in Laupheim, Germany, coming to U.S. in 1884. He was a clerk in New York and Chicago, and became manager of the Continental Clothing House at Oshkosh, Wis. In 1906 he opened a moving picture theatre in Chicago, founding the Laemmle Film Service the same year. He was president of Universal Pictures Corp. until 1936. Member of Pacific Lodge No. 233, New York City, and of the "233 Club" (Masonic) of Hollywood, Calif. d. Sept. 24, 1939.

Marquis de Lafayette (1757-1834) French statesman and officer; hero of the American Revolution. His name in full was Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert de Motier. b. Sept. 6, 1757 in the family castle "Chavaniac" at Auvergne, France. His father, a soldier, had died at the Battle of Minden a few weeks before his birth, and his mother died in 1770, leaving him a vast estate. He refused a prominent position in the French court to become a soldier in 1771. He withdrew from the service in 1776, outfitted his own ship, Victoire, and sailed with 15 other young adventurers, including Baron de Kalb, q.v., tofight with the American colonists against England. At first their services were refused by congress, but noting Lafayette's full pocketbook, connections at the French court, and his offer to serve without pay, he was commissioned a major general in the Continental Army on July 31, 1777. He became an intimate associate of Washington. At Brandywine he was severely wounded while rallying the American forces from a retreat. He was appointed to lead an expedition to invade Canada, but the plan was never carried out, for lack of funds. He was with Washington at Valley Forge; served on the court martial that tried Major Andre; stationed at Tappan, N.Y.; served in Virginia; and was at the Battle of Yorktown and the surrender of Cornwallis. In 1778-80 he was on furlough in France to assist Franklin in obtaining financial aid from France for the colonists. Lafayette returned to France in Dec. 1781, almost as soon as the war had been won. He was now the hero of two nations, both America and France. He became a member of the French national assembly in 1789, where he showed his liberal sympathies. He was instrumental in bringing about the adoption of the present French tri-colored flag, and a founder of the Club of the Feuillants, the conservative liberals who sought to establish a constitutional monarchy in 1780. He commanded an army in the war with Austria, but when he opposed further advance of the Jacobites, he was declared a traitor by the national assembly. He fled to Flanders and was imprisoned by the Austrians from 1792-97. His flight probably saved his life as his compa-

Ruby Laffoon triots were executed during his imprisonment. He returned to France in 1799, but took no part in politics, being opposed to Napoleon's policies. He was a member of the chamber of deputies in 1815, 1818-24, and a leader of the oposition from 1825-30. He commanded the national guard in the revolution of 1830. He returned to America for his first visit of five months in 1784. It was on this visit that he presented Washington the Masonic apron made by Madame Lafayette. It is now in the possession of the Grand Lodge of Pa. He returned again in 1824-25, at the invitation of a grateful congress, which had voted him $200,000. This time he toured all the 25 states and received more Masonic honors than any Freemason before or since. From Maine to Georgia, and Missouri to Louisiana, lodges, chapters, councils, commanderies, scottish rite and grand lodges vied with each other in conferring honorary degrees, citations, gifts and memberships. Strangely enough, it is not known where or when he received his degrees. Some say it was in an army lodge in Morristown, N.J. Others feel it was in the winter of 1777 at Valley Forge. In addressing the Grand Lodge of Tennessee on May 4, 1825, Lafayette, himself, stated that he was initiated before he ever came to America. He would have been under 21, but at that time "Lewis" Masons (under age) were being raised in France. A Spanish Masonic history states that he was a member of Loge La Candeur of Paris, founded in 1775. A French Masonic history says his name is among the lists of members of Loge Contrat Social of Paris between the years 1773 and 1791. He received the chapter degrees in Jerusalem Chapter No. 8, R.A.M., New York City, Sept. 12, 1824. His son, George Washington Lafayette, received them in the same chapter four days earlier. He was knighted in Morton Commandery No. 4, K.T. in joint conclave with Colum- bian Commandery No. 1 of N.Y.C. He received the Scottish Rite degrees in the Cerneau Supreme Council of N.Y., and was made 33° and honorary grand commander of that body. The Supreme Council of France AASR elected him a member, Nov. 21, 1830. More than 75 Masonic bodies in the U.S. have been named after him, including 39 lodges, 18 chapters, 4 councils, 4 commanderies, and 7 Scottish rite bodies. d. May 20, 1834.

Ruby Laffoon (1869-1941) Governor of Kentucky, 1931-35. b. Jan. 15, 1869 at Madisonville, Ky. Began practice of law at Madisonville in 1892. He served terms as county attorney and circuit judge. Member and past master of Madisonville Lodge No. 143, Madisonville, Ky. d. May 1, 1941.

Robert M. La Follette (1855-1925) Governor of Wisconsin, 1901-1905, and U.S. Senator, 1905-1929. b. June 14, 1855 in Primrose, Wis. Graduate of U. of Wisconsin in 1879, he was admitted to the bar in 1880. He was U.S. congressman from the 3rd Wis. dist. to the 49th through 51st congresses (1885-91). He resigned his governorship in 1905 to become U.S. senator, although he had been elected as governor for term of 1905-07. In 1904 he led the movement to nominate all candidates by direct vote. He is represented in Statuary Hall of the U.S. Capital. He became a member of Madison Lodge No. 5, in 1894; Madison Chapter No. 4, R.A.M. in 1895 and Robert McCoy Commandery No. 3, K.T., in 1897, all of Madison, Wis. Received 32° AASR in Wisconsin Consistory on April 10, 1902. Member of Tripoli Shrine Temple of Milwaukee. d. June 18, 1925.

Henri Lafontaine (1854-1943) Belgian Senator and recipient of Nobel Peace Prize in 1913. A lawyer and politician, he was senator in 1895. He was a strong advocate of international arbitration and of the Permanent

46 Simon Lake Court of International Justice: The bulletin of the International Masonic Congress of 1917 lists him as a Freemason.

Fiorello H. La Guardia (1882-1947) U.S. Congressman and Mayor of New York City. b. Dec. 11, 1882 in New York City. Graduate of New York U. in 1910. He was with the American consulate in Budapest, Hungary and Trieste, Austria, 1901-04, and at Fiume, Hungary, 1904-06. From 1907-10 he was an interpreter at Ellis Island, N.Y. He began law practice in 1910 in New York City. A member of the 65th and 66th U.S. congresses (191719) and 68-72nd congresses (1923-33). La Guardia served three terms as mayor of New York City, from 193445. In 1946 he was special U.S. ambassador to Brazil, and director general of the UNRRA the same year. In WWI he was in the U.S. Air Service, achieving the rank of major. He commanded the 8th Centre Aviation School and was attached to night and day bombing squadrons on the Italian front. He was raised in Garibaldi Lodge No. 542, N.Y.C. in 1913, and received a life membership in that lodge on Oct. 17, 1933. d. Sept. 20, 1947.

Guido Laj (?-1948) Grand Master of the Grand Orient of Italy immediately following WWII. Dr. Laj was selected by the Allied governments to be vice mayor of Rome when they occupied it. It was largely through his efforts that the Italian Freemasons were once again able to start work after years of persecution under Mussolini. The officers of the old grand lodge, which had been dissolved in 1925, had suffered heavily. Only 16 of the 22 were alive. Some had undergone imprisonment, banishment, and even death. Dr. Laj was elected grand master on Nov. 18, 1945. d. Nov. 1948.

Everett T. Lake (1871-1948) Governor of Connecticut, 1921-22. b. Feb.8, 1871 in Woodstock, Conn. Graduate of Harvard in 1892. President of Hartford Lumber Co. 1900-39; he had been with the concern since 1893. He served terms in both houses of the state legislature and was lieutenant governor in 1907-08. Received the degrees in Feb., 1907 in St. Johns Lodge No. 4, Hartford, Conn. Suspended NPD in 1939. d. Sept. 16, 1948.

Gerard, 1st Viscount Lake (17441808) British general. He served in Germany, 1760-62, and fought against the American colonists in the Revolution in 1781. He was in the Low Countries in 1793-94. He received the surrender of the French at Cloone, and in 1800-03 was commander-in-chief in India. In India he took Delhi and Agra; won the battles of Laswari and Farrukhabad. He was created baron in 1804 and viscount in 1807. He joined the Prince of Wales Lodge No. 259, London, on Aug. 28, 1787.

Simon Lake (1866-1945) American naval architect, who in 1897 built the Argonaut, the first submarine to operate successfully in the open sea. b. Sept. 4, 1866, in Pleasantville, N.J. He was the inventor of even keel type of submarine torpedo boats, building the first experimental boat in 1894. He designed and built many submarine torpedo boats for the U.S. as well as foreign countries. He spent several years in Russia, Germany, and England, designing, building, and acting in an advisory capacity in submarine construction. He also invented a submarine apparatus for locating and recovering sunken vessels, and another for pearl and sponge fishing, as well as a heavy oil internal combustion engine for marine purposes. He was president of The Lake Submarine Co., Lake Engineering Co., Merchant Submarine Co., Sale Submarine Salvage Corp., Lake Torpedo Boat Co., and Industrial Submarine Corp. Initiated in Monmouth Lodge No. 172, Atlantic Highlands, N.J. and affiliated

47 Joseph Jerome de Lalande with Ansantawae Lodge No. 89, Milford, Conn. on Nov. 18, 1910. d. June

Joseph Jerome de Lalande (17321807) French astronomer. Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences; he wrote Histoire Celeste Francaise in 1801, which cataloged nearly 50,000 stars. He was sent to Berlin by the French Academy in 1751 to determine the moon's parallax. He was director of the Paris observatory from 1768, and worked on the planetary theory, improving the planetary tables of Halley and others. In 1769 he instituted the lodge Des Sciences, and is credited as a founder of the lodge Des Neuf Soeurs.

DietrickLamade (1859-1938) Founder and publisher of Grit, the national weekly small town newspaper. b. Feb. 6, 1859 in Goelshausen, Baden, Germany. He was brought to the U.S. in 1867, and educated in the public schools. He learned the printer's trade, and in 1884 founded the Grit Publishing Co. His sons, George R. and Howard J., qq.v., have carried on the newspaper. Member of Ivy Lodge No. 397, Williamsport, Pa., receiving degrees on April 4, May 2, and June 16, 1893. Served as master in 1900. Dietrick Lamade Lodge No. 755, Williamsport, is named in his honor. d. Oct. 9, 1938.

George R. Lamade Publisher of Grit, the weekly small town newspaper established by his father, Die-trick Lamade, q.v., in 1884. b. April

24, 1894 in Williamsport, Pa. Studied journalism at U. of Missouri and Columbia U. He left the U. of Missouri in Dec. 1916 and volunteered in the French Army. In 1918 he was commissioned 1st lieutenant in the U.S. Army and served with the A.E.F. until 1919. He then joined his father in the Grit Publishing Co., becoming vice president in 1922, general manager in 1936, and president since 1938.

Received degrees in Ivy Lodge No. 397, Williamsport, Pa. on Sept. 5 and Sept. 7, 1916 at age of 22. Withdrew June 3, 1947 to affiliate with Dietrick Lamade Lodge No. 755, Williamsport, named in honor of his father. 33° AASR (NJ).

Howard J. Lamade Vice President and Director of Grit, the weekly small town newspaper established by his father, Dietrick Lamade, q.v. Chemistry graduate of Pennsylvania State U. in 1913, and journalism graduate of U. of Missouri in 1913. Has been with Grit Publishing Co. since 1913, starting as a clerk. Has been secretary, vice president, and director since 1920. Chairman of board of Williamsport Hotels Co. since 1954. Received degrees in Ivy Lodge No. 397, Williamsport, Pa. on Sept. 5 and Dec. 26, 1912 at age of 21. Withdrew on June 3, 1947 to become member of Dietrick Lamade Lodge No. 755, Williamsport, named in honor of his father. 33° AASR (NJ).

Gregorio A. Lamadrid (1795-1857) Argentine soldier and patroit, noted for his bravery as adjutant to General San Martin, q.v. He took part in the Peruvian wars of liberation and later commanded a cavalry division under General Urquiza, q.v., at the battle of Monte Caseros, when the tyrant Rosas was defeated in 1852. Mason.

Joseph R. Lamar (1857-1916) Justice of U.S. Supreme Court, 1910-16. b. Oct. 14, 1857 in Ruckersville, Ga. Graduate of Bethany Coll. (W.Va.) in 1877. Admitted to the bar in 1878, he practiced at Augusta until 1903. Served in Georgia lower house, 188689, and in 1896 was commissioned to codify the state laws. He served as justice of the supreme court of Georgia from 1901-05. His original lodge is not known, but he affiliated with Webb Lodge No. 166, Augusta, Oct. 16, 1882, serving as junior warden in

1883-84 and senior warden in 1885. He was exalted in Augusta Chapter No. 2, R.A.M., Augusta, Ga., July 7, 1886, and knighted in Georgia Commandery No. 1, K.T., Oct. 21, 1886. d. Jan. 1, 1916.

Mirabeau Bonaparte Lamar (17981859) Second President of Republic of Texas, 1838-41. b. Aug. 16, 1798 in Warren Co., Ga. As president of the republic, he rendered great service in behalf of the cause of education in Texas. He emphasized the importance of securing and setting apart a large amount of public lands for the support of public schools and universities. In 1828 he established the Columbus Independent in Ga. He emigrated to Texas in 1835, and was an active member of the revolutionary party. At San Jacinto he commanded a mounted company and led a charge that broke the Mexican line. He was commissioned major general, and later appointed attorney general in cabinet of Governor Smith. He became secretary of war, and in 1836 was the first vice president of the republic. While president, the independence of Texas was recognized by the principal powers of Europe. In the Mexican War, he joined Gen. Zachary Taylor's army at Matamoras and took an active part in the battle of Monterrey. In July, 1857, he was appointed U.S. minister to Argentina, but did not assume his post. In 1857 he was made resident minister to Nicaragua and Costa Rica, holding this position until 1859. He received his Entered Apprentice degree in Georgia (probably Columbus). On July 9, 1840 he was made a Fellowcraft in Harmony Lodge No. 6 of Galveston, and a Master Mason, July 21, 1840. At this time he was serving as president. The lodge still has the records of these meetings. d. Dec. 19, 1859.

Roland 0. Lamb (1850-1921) President of John Hancock Life Insurance Co., 1909-21. b. Dec. 20, 1850 in Beverly, Mass. He was a bookkeeper in a manufacturing house for five years, and in 1872 went with the John Hancock Co. as bookkeeper. He was sucessively chief clerk, secretary, vice president, and director. Also director of Mass. Fire and Marine Insurance Co. and Northeast Power Co. Initiated in Charity Lodge, Cambridge, Mass. and affiliated with Columbian Lodge, Boston on Jan. 5, 1905. Past commander of DeMolay Commandery, K.T. d. Nov. 14, 1921.

Princess Lamballe ( 1 7 4 9 -1 7 9 2 ) French noblewoman whose name was Marie Therese Louise de SavoieCarignan before her marriage to Prince de Lamballe. A personal friend of Marie Antoinette. She was an early member of French Adoptive Masonry which was given quasi-Masonic recognition by the Grand Orient of France. It was established by a fete d' adoption given by the Lodge of Candour under the Grand Orient in an impressive ceremony attended by the elite of French society, March 25, 1775. In 1780 a lodge of adoption was formed and attached to the Lodge of Social Contract (a regular lodge), and Princess Lamballe became the first grand mistress. The grand master of the lodge at this time was the Roman Catholic Abbe Bertolio, q.v. Among the initiates of this lodge were the Viscountess of Alfrey, the Viscountess of Narbonne and the Countess of Maine. Princess Lamballe was imprisoned in 1792. She refused to subscribe to the oath against the monarchy and was torn to pieces by a mob when she left the courthouse on Sept. 3, 1792.

William P. Lambertson (1880-1957) U.S. Congressman, 71st through 78th Congresses (1929-45) from 1st Kansas dist. b. March 23, 1880 in Fairview, Kans. Engaged in farming since his

49 Frederick J. Lamborn youth. He was a member of the Kansas state legislature between 1909-21, being speaker of the house two times. He was in the state senate for two terms. Member of Sabetha Lodge No. 162, Sabetha, Kans.; Mt. Horeb Chapter No. 43, R.A.M. and Hiawatha Commandery No. 13, K.T. at Hiawatha and 32° AASR (SJ) at Topeka. d. Oct. 26, 1957.

Frederick J. Lamborn Vice President and General Manager of Dodge Division of Chrysler Corp. b. Oct. 30, 1888 in Springfield, Ohio. He began as a machinist apprentice in 1902 and has been with Dodge Bros. Corp. since 1911, successively as foreman, general foreman, master mechanic, assistant factory manager, production manager, works manager. He was vice president in charge of manufacturing from 1936-43; vice president and general manager since 1943. Also director of Dodge Bros. Corp. Member of Friendship Lodge No. 417, Detroit, receiving degrees on Jan. 15, Jan. 30 and Feb. 27, 1914. Became life member of the lodge on Dec. 10, 1954. 32° AASR (NJ) and Shriner.

Uel W. Lamkin (1877-1956) President of Northwest Missouri State Teachers College, Maryville, Mo., 1921-46. b. Jan. 18, 1877 at California, Mo. He served as teacher, principal, and county superintendent of schools in Mo., and from 1916-18 was state superintendent of public schools. He was president of the Missouri State Teachers' Assn. in 1912-13, president of the National Education Association in 1928-29, and secretary general of the World Federation Education Assn. from 1935-41. Received degrees in Clinton Lodge No. 548, Clinton, Mo. on March 8, 22 and May 10, 1901. Affiliated with Nodaway Lodge No. 470, Maryville, Mo. on Oct. 10, 1923. d. Sept. 16, 1956.

June 8, 1868 in Ramsey, Isle of Man. Graduate of Theological Seminary of Va. and St. John's Coll. (Md.). Ordained deacon in 1894, and priest in 1895; he served churches in Hamilton, Va., Washington, D.C., St. Joseph, Mo., New Orleans, La., and Baltimore, Md. He was consecrated bishop of the missionary jurisdiction of Honolulu on June 29, 1921. Mason. d. Oct. 25, 1928.

Dinwiddie Lampton President of American Life and Accident Insurance Co. from 1913. b. April 21, 1885 at Springfield, Ky. He was with Prudential Life from 1906-10, organizing Union Life Insurance Co. in the latter year, and merging it with American Life & Accident. He purchased the assets of Kentucky State Life Co. in 1930. Mason, Shriner and member of Red Cross of Constantine. Member of Shibboleth Lodge No. 750, Louisville, Ky., receiving degrees on Jan. 1, Feb. 19 and March 19, 1907. Lodge changed name to Harry R. Kendall Lodge No. 750 on Oct. 21, 1952.

Frank S. Land Founder of Order of DeMolay in 1919 and Secretary General of same since that date. b. June 21, 1890 in Kansas City, Mo. From 1910-14 he was a merchant, and from 1914-20 was secretary of social service for the Kansas City Scottish Rite bodies. When ten years old, he -conducted a Sunday school class of 300 and was known as the "Boy preacher." In 1927 he founded the Young Men's Civic Forum International, and in 1930 was co-founder of Metro Clubs. He is a director of the Columbia National Bank, Kansas City; member of executive committee, National Security Commission, Washington; member of American Advisory Council, Yenching U., Peiping, China; and member of the National Youth Week Committee for U.S. He was raised in Ivanhoe Lodge No. 446, Kansas City, June 29, 1912; exalted in Kansas City Chapter No. 28, R.A.M., Oct. 25, 1912. In 1951 he re-

50 Joseph Lone ceived the first international gold "Royal Arch Medal" from the General Grand Chapter for his work in the humanities. Greeted in Shekinah Council No. 24, R. & S.M., Dec. 30, 1912, and affiliated with Kansas City Council No. 45, Sept. 11, 1944; knighted in Kansas City Commandery No. 10, K.T., Jan. 2, 1913. Received 32° AASR (SJ) in Kansas City on Nov. 14, 1912, coroneted 33° Oct. 25, 1925, and received Grand Cross of Court of Honor, Oct. 18, 1955. Admitted to Mary Conclave No. 5, Red Cross of Constantine April 20, 1946, served as sovereign in 1950; Past potentate of Ararat Shrine Temple, Kansas City, and Imperial potentate of the Shrine in 1954-55. d. Nov. 8, 1959.

Howe S. Landers (1885-1943) President of Metropolitan Casualty Insurance Co., N.Y. from 1932. b. Oct. 17, 1885 in Martinsville, Ind. Graduate of DePauw U. and Indiana Law School. Admitted to Indiana bar in 1908. Served as attorney for bank and insurance companies. Became vice president and general counsel of Metropolitan Co. in 1931. He was also president and director of many other corporations. Mason. d. March 15, 1943.

Gerald W. Landis U.S. Congressman to 76th through 80th Congresses (1939-49) from 7th Ind. dist. b. Feb. 23, 1895 in Bloomfield, Ind. Graduate of Indiana U. Member of Linton Lodge No. 560, Linton, Ind., receiving degrees in 1917. 32° AASR (NJ) at Evansville, Ind.

Alfred M. Landon Governor of Kansas, 1933-37, and Republican presidential nominee in 1936. b. Sept. 9, 1887 in West Middlesex, Pa. Graduate of U. of Kansas in 1908. He was a bookkeeper in bank at Independence, Kansas until 1912, and since that date has been an oil producer. Served as 1st lieutenant in Chemical Warfare Service in WWI. Member of Pan- American Conference at Lima, Peru in 1938. Was raised in Fortitude Lodge No. 107 in 1909; member of Keystone Chapter No. 22, R.A.M.; Independence Council No. 15, R. & S. M.; St. Bernard Commandery No. 10, K.T., all of Independence. Received 32° AASR (SJ) at Fort Scott, Nov. 21, 1928; member of Mirza Shrine Temple, Pittsburg, Kansas, and Pittsburg Court No. 95, Royal Order of Jesters.

Edward H. Lane Furniture manufacturer. b. July 4, 1891 in Newcastle, Va. He established the Standard Red Cedar Chest Co. (now Lane Co., Inc.) at Altavista, Va. in 1912, and was president from 1922-56; presently chairman of the board. In 1951 he was elected "Man of the Year" by the furniture manufacturing industry. Raised Feb. 18, 1929 in Campbell Lodge No. 316, Altavista, Va.

John Lane (1843-1899) English Masonic writer. He was initiated, Sept. 10, 1878, in Jordan Lodge No. 1402, Torquay, England, and was master in 1882. It is said that he seldom missed a meeting. Known as the "Statistician of the Masonic Fraternity," he is recognized for his Masonic Records, 17171886 published in 1886. It contained the particulars of every lodge warranted by the Grand Lodge of England from 1717 to date. He also published A Handy Book and Centenary Warrants and Jewels. He furnished many articles on Masonry to magazines and publications including the Quatuor Coronati Lodge. d. Dec. 30, 1899.

Joseph Lane (1801-1881) Major General of Mexican War; Territorial Governor of Oregon and U.S. Senator from Oregon. b. Dec. 14, 1801 in Buncombe Co., N.C. He moved with his parents to Henderson Co., Ky. in 1804, and then to Warwick Co., Ind. in 1816. For several years he was a clerk in a mercantile house. He served in the Indiana state legislature from

1822-46, when he enlisted as a private in the Indiana volunteers for the Mexican War. He subsequently was made colonel, brigadier general, and major general, the latter for gallantry at Huamantla. He took Matamoras, captured Orizaba, and fought Jarata at Tchualtaplan, becoming known as the "Marion of the Mexican Army." At the conclusion of the war he was appointed governor of Oregon Territory (1849-50) by Polk. From 185157 he was U.S. congressman from that territory. In 1853 he commanded the settlers in the campaign against the Rogue Indians and defeated them at the Battle of Table Rock. Upon the admission of Oregon as a state, he became a U.S. senator, serving from 1859-61. In 1860 he was nominated for vice president on the Breckinridge ticket. His defeat ended his political career and he passed his old age in obscurity and poverty. Member of Center Lodge No. 23, Indianapolis, Ind. d. April 19, 1881.

Ben T. Laney, Jr. Governor of Arkansas, 1945-49. b. Nov. 25, 1896 near Smackover, Ark. Now owns and operates a plantation near Magnolia, Ark. Mayor of Camden, Ark. from 1935-39. Raised July 17, 1920 in Garland Lodge No. 354, Elliott, Ark. and when the lodge merged with Camden Lodge No. 11 of Camden in 1941, he became a member of that lodge. He addressed his lodge in 1943 on "The duties a Mason owes his Lodge." He attended grand lodge in Nov., 1944 between the time he was elected governor and inaugurated, to nominate C. Allen Clift for office of grand junior deacon.

Chester H. Lang Vice President of General Electric Co. since 1941. b. Jan. 12, 1893 in Erie, Pa. Graduate of U. of Michigan in 1915. Began with General Electric in 1919 as a traveling auditor, and later became assistant manager of publicity, comptroller of budget, advertising manager, managerof sales. Now in charge of public relations. Served as 1st lieutenant in 129th Field Artillery, 35th Division, 1917-19. Mason.

Ossian Lang (1868-1945) Arthur of History of Freemasonry in. New York. b. in Bradford, England. He was a teacher, newspaperman and lecturer. Served as superintendent of schools in Buffalo, N.Y. He was raised in Hiawatha Lodge No. 434, Mount Vernon, N.Y., May 19, 1902, and later affiliated with John Steward Lodge No. 871, Mount Vernon, N.Y. d. Sept. 11, 1945.

John Langdon (1741-1819) Constitution signer; Governor of New Hampshire; U.S. Senator from New Hampshire. b. June 25, 1741 in Portsmouth, N.H., a brother of Woodbury Langdon, q.v. A successful merchant. Was delegate to the Continental Congress in 1775-76. He outfitted a regiment from his own personal funds and was with it at Battle of Bennington when it defeated the Hessians. From 1783 he was repeatedly a member of the legislature and a delegate to Continental Congress. In March, 1788, he became governor of N.H. and was elected U.S. senator in 1789, holding that office until 1801. He declined the office of secretary of the Navy, and also the nomination for vice president on the Republican ticket. He was governor of N.H. again from 1805-12, with the exception of two years. He is referred to as a Mason, but his Masonic record has not been definitely traced. It probably would have been in St. John's Lodge No. 1 of Portsmouth where his brother Woodbury held membership. d. Sept. 18, 1819. Definitely not a member.

Woodbury Langdon (1739-1805) Delegate to Continental Congress, and judge of supreme court of New Hampshire. b. in 1739 in Portsmouth, N.H. He was the brother of John Langdon, the constitution signer. He received a public school education

52 Nathaniel P. Langford and engaged in mercantile pursuits. Active in pre-Revolutionary movements. He was a delegate from N.H. to the congress of 1779-80, and member of the executive council in 178184. He was judge of the supreme court of N.H. in 1782, and again from 1786-90. A member of St. John's Lodge No. 1, Portsmouth, he was initiated Feb. 10, 1761. d. Jan. 13, 1805.

Baroness Chanowsky de Langendorf A member of a woman's auxiliary lodge. According to the records of the Lodge Sincerite, held at Klattau, Bohemia, the charter of which was recalled in Sept., 1789, a woman's lodge was formed as an auxiliary, the membership of which was confined to the wives of the members of the parent lodge. An exception to this rule was made in favor of the baroness, who was described as "the most honest, virtuous and fairest lady." This female lodge worked under the name of the "Three Crowned Hearts," but with the exception of its by-laws, no records of any kind remain. A Master Mason managed the lodge as its master, the office of treasurer also being filled by a man. The by-laws stipulated that the members should be "God-fearing, humble, discreet, modest, honest, of righteous heart, obliging as well as charitably inclined towards the poor." It led to the downfall of the parent lodge whose members were mainly army officers of the Prince Coburg Regiment of the Dragoons.

Nathaniel P. Langford (1832-1911) First Superintendent of Yellowstone National Park and organizer of the vigilante movement in the West. b. Aug. 9, 1832 in Westmoreland, N.Y. Lived at St. Paul, Minn., but left there in June, 1862 for the Oregon gold fields with the James L. Fisk expedition. En route, he and two other Masons went through the ceremony of opening and closing a Masonic lodge on the summit of the Rocky Mountains at a point some 20 miles west of the present capital of Montana. The occasion is commemorated by a painting in the Masonic library building in Helena. Arriving at Gold Creek, the point of the first discovery of gold in what became Montana, Langford went to Bannack, and thence to Virginia City. In the turbulent mining camps of Bannack, he lived a perilous life, being an advocate of public peace and security. He was the leader in the vigilante movement which established respect for law and order and in his Vigilante Days and Ways (1890) he relates how the Craft had a hand in this movement. He conducted the first Masonic funeral in Bannack, Nov. 13, 1862. Observing that there were 76 Freemasons present on the occasion he secured a dispensation for a lodge there, but by the time it had arrived, most of the inhabitants had gone to the great strike at Virginia City. He was one of the Washburn party of 1870 that discovered the geysers of Yellowstone Park, and he led in the work which resulted in the dedication of the park, serving as its first superintendent from 1872-77. Washburn, q.v., was a Mason and at the time of the expedition, Langford was grand master of Montana. Also with them was Cornelius Hedges, the deputy grand master, who later became grand master, and grand secretary for 36 years. Hedges, q.v., became known as the "father" of the national parks. Langford was appointed U.S. revenue collector on the creation of the Territory of Montana in 1864. President Johnson named him as governor of the territory in Jan. 1869, but as the senate was feuding with Johnson, it refused to confirm any of his appointments. Langford later became national bank examiner for the Pacific Coast (1872-84). He returned to St. Paul before his death. He was a member of Pacific Lodge No. 10, St. Paul, Minn., and later affiliated with Helena Lodge No. 3, Helena, Montana, serving as its second master in 1867. He

53 Samuel W. T. Lanham participated in forming the Grand Lodge of Montana in Jan., 1866, and was its first grand historian. Elected senior warden in 1868, he was grand master in 1869-70. It appears that he received the chapter degrees, including Most Excellent Master, in Minn., but was exalted in Virginia City Royal Arch Chapter, U.D. d. 1911.

Samuel W. T. Lanham (1846-1908) Governor of Texas, 1903-07. b. July 4, 1846 in Spartanburg, S.C. He entered the Confederate Army as a boy and served in the 3rd South Carolina regiment. In 1866 he moved to Texas, and was admitted to the bar in 1869. From 1883-93 and 1895-1903 he was U.S. congressman from the 8th Texas dist. Member of Phoenix Lodge No. 275, Weatherford, Texas. d. 1908.

Harris Laning (1873-1941) Full Admiral, U.S. Navy. b. Oct. 11, 1873 at Petersburg, Ill. Graduate of U.S. Naval Academy in 1895. Advanced through grades from ensign in 1891 to vice admiral in 1933, and admiral in 1935, retiring in 1937. In 1912 he was captain of the U.S. rifle team, winning first place in the Olympic Games at Stockholm. Saw service in the Spanish-American War, Philippine Campaign, China Relief Expedition, Mexican Campaign, Dominican Campaign, and WWI. He commanded the U.S.S. Panay in the Philippines. His many tours of sea duty were punctuated with service as an instructor at the U.S. Naval Academy. He was navigation officer of the U.S.S. Nebraska in a cruise around the world, 1907-10. Chief of staff of the destroyer force, U.S. Fleet, 1919-21; commanded the U.S.S. Pennsylvania, U.S. Naval Training Station, San Diego; chief of staff, U.S. Battle Fleet; commander of Battleship Division Two; president of U.S. Naval War College (1930-33); commander of cruisers, U.S. Fleet (1933-35); commander Battle Force (1935-36). Member of Clinton Lodge No. 19, Petersburg, Ill. d. Feb. 2, 1941.

Menalcus Lankford (1883-1937) U.S. Congressman to 71st and 72nd Congresses (1929-32) from 2nd Va. dist. b. March 14, 1883 at Southhampton Co., Va. Graduate of U. of Richmond in 1904 and 1906. Admitted to the bar in 1906, and practiced at Norfolk. Referee in bankruptcy, Eastern Va. dist. from 1933. Mason. d. Dec. 27, 1937.

Dick Latta Lansden (1869-1924) Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Tennessee from 1918. b. May 15, 1869 at Bakers Cross Roads, Tenn. Admitted to the bar in 1893, and practiced at Sparta, from 1893-97, and Crossville, 18971902. Was Justice of supreme court of Tennessee from 1910. Affiliated with Sparta Lodge No. 99, Sparta, Tenn. in 1896 and in good standing at time of death on Aug. 9, 1896.

Sergei Stepanovich Lanskoy (17871862) When the Directorial Lodge Vladimir split into two grand lodges in 1817, he was deputy grand master of the Grand Lodge Provincial of Russia. The grand master at time of the split was Count Vielgorsky, q.v. Lanskoy was the one who received the edict of Alexander I, q.v., to close all the lodges of his grand lodge. He later became minister of interior affairs in the reign of Alexander II, q.v.

Fred M. Lanter Aviator and directorof CAA Aeronautical Center since 1948. b. June 21, 1900 at Portland, Ind. Was with the U.S. Army Flying School at San Antonio in 1926-27. In turn was a cost accountant, production manager and shop superintendent of Fall Creek Mfg, Co., 1922-26. From 1927-29 he was an instructor with Capitol Airways, Inc. From 1929-38 he was an inspector with aeronautics branch of department of Commerce; chief inspector of the CAA from 193842; regional administrator of CAA. Member of Brownsburg Lodge No. 241, Brownsburg, Ind., receiving degrees on Nov. 14, 21, 29, 1923. Member of Indianapolis Chapter No. 5,

54 micimuues Lappas R.A.M. and Indianapolis Council No. 2, R. & S.M., both of Indianapolis, Ind.

Anacarsis Lanus (?-1888) Argentinian senator and national deputy. A financier and member of board of directors of several banks and businesses. Mason.

Miguel Angel Castillo Lanuza Guatemalan business executive. b. Aug. 3, 1894 in Huehuetenango, Guatemala. An accountant by profession, he is a member and founder of two accountancy organizations, and also of the firm, Contaduria Publica M.A. Castillo L. y Cia. He has held the positions of general customs director, general inspector of finance, and secretary of the general accountancy dept., in the Guatemalan government. Is accountant for the Verapar Railway and manager of a Guatemala newspaper. He is the legal representative of the International Airways Companies and other commercial and industrial firms. He was initiated Sept. 19, 1827 in the Dr. Arton Lodge No. 9, and founder of Prometeo Lodge No. 30. He was grand secretary of the Grand Lodge of Guatemala from 194145 and grand master of same, 1953-55. On August 18, 1954, he was summoned by the Guatemalan government and requested to resign as grand master—or otherwise be accused a Communist and the grand lodge closed. He answered: "I know the history of Masonry. No grand master has ever resigned, all over the world, just because the public powers ask him to do so; and I shall not be the first one." He continued in office until succeeded by Dr. Cardona in 1955. He traveled throughout South America, Central America, and the U.S. to explain his position and received the backing and protection of the Inter-American Confederation.

Samuel Lapham Architect. b. Sept. 23, 1892 at Charleston, S.C. Graduate of Coll. of Charleston, Mass. Inst. of Technology. A draftsman and designer for architectural firms from 191619 and from 1920 a partner of Simons & Lapham, architects, Charleston, S.C. His works include plantation house "Chelsea" for Marshall Field III, and "Windsor" for P. D. Mills, as well as monuments, restorations, residences and educational buildings. From 193342 he was with the U.S. Department of Interior on survey of historic American buildings. Served in both World Wars. Was in artillery in WWI with A.E.F., 1917-19, as second lieutenant, and with inspector general department as colonel in WWII. Member of Landmark Lodge No. 76, Charleston, S.C. from 1922 to Dec. 7, 1932.

Alcibiades Lappas Argentine business executive, journalist and professor. b. Feb. 2, 1909 in Janina, Epirus, Greece. Graduate of the Law School, U. of Paris, and School of Higher Commercial Studies, same city. He is director of Lappas, Inc.; Plata Lappas, Inc.; Argentine Company of Metals, Inc.; and chairman of board of R. C. Inc. He is editor of La Voz del Epiro and of the Masonic magazine Simbolo. A founding member of the International Press Association, he was its first treasurer, and is a correspondent of several important foreign newspapers. He was a founding member of the Greek War Relief Assn., its secretary and chairman; founding member of the Junior Chamber of Commerce of Buenoes Aires; founding member of the High Twelve Club of Buenos Aires and first president. For many years he has been general executive secretary of the Greek community of Buenos Aires, the Greek Orthodox Church, the South American committee of the Greek Red Cross. Member of board of Argentine Philanthropic Society and the National Museum. Initiated Nov. 7, 1942 in Pindos Lodge No. 388, Buenos Aires and raised Oct. 2, 1943. Was secretary in 1944, orator in 1945, and master in 1946-51. He is also member of Lodges

55 Albert A. Lappin No. 392, 397, 5, 18, 57, 390 and 402; honorary member of Lodges No. 2, 10, 12, 44, 348, 398, 399, 400 and 401. Since 1951 he has been grand secretary of the Grand Lodge of Argentina, founding member of Buenos Aires Chapter No. 2, R.A.M., first principal of same, 1955, and grand scribe Ezra of Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Argentina; 32° AASR.

Albert A. Lappin President, Treasurer and General Manager of Goodyear Rubber Co., Middletown, Conn. since 1945. b. Dec. 25, 1897 at Boston, Mass. Graduate of Northwestern U. in 1918. Manager of Gold Seal Rubber Co., Boston from 1921-40. Treasurer of Goodyear Rubber Co. 1941-45. Member of Everett C. Benton Lodge, Boston, Mass. and 32° AASR (NJ); Shriner.

Francisco Narciso de Laprida (1780-1829) Argentine statesman who presided over the congress that made the declaration of independence from Spain in 1816. The congress had difficulty in deciding between a monarchial or republican form of government. It also adopted the blue and white flag created by Belgrano, q.v. Laprida was murdered in 1829, during a massacre of the opponents to the tyrant, Rosas. Mason.

John Marc Larmenius (Johannes Marcus) Tradition states that in 1314 he was appointed by DeMolay as his successor as grand master of the Templars. In turn, he is supposed to have transmitted this power to his successors in a document known as the "Charter of Transmission." Generally speaking, Masonic students question this.

Noble D. Lamer (1830-1903) General Grand High Priest of the General Grand Chapter, R.A.M., 18861889. b. Jan. 9, 1830 in Washington, D.C. Served in Civil War in defense of Washington, D.C. Member of city council of that city for three years.

He was secretary of the National Union Fire Insurance Co. from 1865 until his death. In 1867 he organized and carried to conclusion the project for the erection of the Masonic temple at 9th & F. Sts., N.W. which was vacated in 1908. For many years he was secretary of the Home Plate Glass Insurance Co. Raised in Benjamin B. French Lodge No. 15, Oct. 19, 1863, and on Dec. 28 of same year became a charter member of LaFayette Lodge No. 19, serving one year as secretary, and twice as master. Was grand master of the Grand Lodge of District of Columbia in 1881. Exalted in Mount Vernon Chapter No. 3, R.A.M. Dec. 25, 1865, and on May 24, 1867 became charter member and first high priest of LaFayette Chapter No. 5. He took a prominent part in the organization of the Grand Chapter of the District of Columbia and was grand secretary from 1867-71, and grand high priest, 1874-75. One of the founders of La-Fayette Council, R. & S.M. (now extinct) in 1870, and master in 1871. Affiliated with Washington Council No. 1, in March, 1894. Knighted in Columbia Commandery No. 2, K.T. May 4, 1866, and charter member of DeMolay Commandery No. 4, Feb. 16, 1872, and commander in 1878. Elected first grand commander of District of Columbia, Jan. 14, 1896; 32° AASR (SJ) from Albert Pike in 1878. d. March 19, 1903.

Henri du Vergier La Rochenjacquelein (1772-1794) A French Vendean leader who was named commander-in-chief of the Royalist Army in Oct., 1793. Defeated at Le Mans in the same year, and killed in action at Nouaille, March 4, 1794. Said to be a Mason by the bulletin of the International Masonic Congress of 1917.

Irving H. Larom Rancher. b. June - 3, 1889 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Graduate of Princeton U., 1913. Partner in purchase of Valley Ranch, Wyo. in 1915, incorporated in 1922; president and

56 Jesse Larson treasurer since that time. He is engaged in live stock, farming, and dude ranching. Served in WWI. Vice president of American Forestry Assn. in 1945; director of Buffalo Bill Memorial Museum, American Wildlife Institute, and Shoshone Power Co. He is the founder of the Dude Ranchers Association and president of same from 1925-44. Member of Shoshone Lodge No. 21, Cody, Wyo.; Darius Chapter No. 10, R.A.M.; Constantine Commandery No. 9, all of Cody.

Henry C. Larrabee (1829-1911) General Grand Master, General Grand Council, R. & S.M. in 1906-09. b. Sept. 4, 1829 in Baltimore, Md. Was a machinist and founder. Member of Baltimore city council in 1864. Raised in Warren Lodge No. 51, Baltimore on Aug. 30, 1864; exalted in St. John's Chapter, Sept. 30, 1874 and received cryptic degrees at the same time. Knighted in 1877 in Baltimore Commandery and was 33° AASR (SJ). He became deputy grand master of the grand lodge, grand high priest, commander of his commandery and grand master of the Grand Council of Maryland in 1882-97.

Juan Larrea (1782-1847) Argentine patriot. Participated in the 1810 revolution and became a member of the first "junta," or governing body. The following year he was driven out of the country. He returned, but was expatriated again in 1815. He later became Argentine consul in France. Mason.

George P. Larrick Commissioner of U.S. Food and Drug Administration since 1954. b. Nov. 19, 1901 in Springfield, Ohio. With U.S. Bureau of Chemistry and Food and Drug Administration from 1923, as enforcement officer. Was chief inspector, 193045; assistant commissioner, 1945-48. Member of Point Pleasant Lodge No. 360, Pleasant City, Ohio. 32° AASR (SJ) at Memphis, Tenn.

Alfred Larsen (1877-1949) Violinist and director. b. Dec. 12, 1877 in Nodebo, Denmark. Studied music in Denmark. He began as a soloist and teacher in Montreal, Can., 1899. He located in Burlington, Vt. in 1908, and became a U.S. citizen. He founded the Larsen Violin School, and the Larsen String Quartette as well as the Beethoven Piano Trio, and the Burlington Symphony Orchestra. He directed the department of music at the U. of Vermont in 1910-13. He was professor at Middlebury Coll. (Vt.) from 192036. A founder of the Danish-American Historical Society in 1932. Mason and 32° AASR (NJ). d. July 3, 1949.

Henry A. Larsen Canadian explorer. As an army sergeant in 1942, he led a crew of eight men in the government boat, St. Roch, in the first west-to-east voyage made by man from the Pacific to the Atlantic by way of the northern shores of the Dominion. It took them two years, and they underwent great hardships. He is a member of Mount Newton Lodge No. 89 in British Columbia, and at the completion of his voyage received a letter of congratulations from his grand lodge.

William W. Larsen (1871-1938) U.S. Congressman to 65th through 72nd Congresses (1917-33) from 13th - Ga. dist. b. Aug. 12, 1871 in Hagan, Ga. He began law practice in Swainsboro, Ga. in 1897. Received degrees in Swainsboro Lodge No. 244, Swainsboro, Ga. on May 5, 31, and Aug. 2, 1902, affiliating with Laurens Lodge No. 75, Dublin, Ga. on Aug. 20, 1912 and suspended July 20, 1937. d. Jan. 5, 1938.

Jesse Larson War Assets Administrator, 1947-49 and appointed Federal Works Administrator in 1949. b. June 22, 1904 in Mill Creek, Indian Territory. Attended Missouri Military Academy, and U. of Oklahoma. He was formerly in the ranching and

dairy business in Okla. He practiced law at Oklahoma City from 1934-40. Served in WWII as colonel of artillery, and was in Italian campaign. In 1944-45 he was director of tactics at the Field Artillery School at Fort Sill, Okla. Member of Chickasha Lodge No. 94, Chickasha, Okla. Received 32° AASR (SJ) on May 22, 1944 at which time he was a lieutenant colonel in the Army.

Morgan F. Larson Governor of New Jersey, 1929-32. Raised in Raritan Lodge No. 61, Perth Amboy, N.J. on June 27, 1907.

Gustaf Larsson (1861-1919) Educator. b. Dec. 10, 1861 in Sweden. He came to America in 1888, where he became the first principal of the Sloyd Training School for manual training teachers at Boston. Under his direction over 400 teachers were sent out from the school, and over 100,000 children received instruction from them. He established ten centers in Southern India and six in Mexico. Member of Columbian Lodge, Boston, Mass. and 32° AASR (NJ). d. July 23, 1919.

Emile Lartigue Belgian General in WWI. He was Lieutenant Grand Commander of the Supreme Council of Belgium, when murdered by six assassins. In 1946, following the war, a ceremony was held in Brussels in memory of the murdered brethren, eleven of the twelve members of the supreme council having been killed.

Abbe Larudan Early French Anti-Mason. He was the author of a work entitled The Freemasons Crushed "a continuation of the book entitled the Order of Freemasons Betrayed, published from the Latin." The first edition was published at Amsterdam in 1746. Kloss, q.v., said that the work "is the armory from which all subsequent enemies of Freemasonry have derived their weapons." Larudan wasthe first to advance the theory that Oliver Cromwell was the inventor of Freemasonry.

Juan Gregario de las Heras (17801866) Chilean liberator. As an Ar- gentizieordiei. 'And Mason, he took an active part in the Chilean war of liberation, particularly distinguished himself in the Battle of Charabuco in 1817, where his ability saved a division. Upon his return to Argentina, he served as governor of the province of Buenos Aires in 1824-26.

Peter Lassen (1800-1859) California pioneer. b. Oct. 31, 1800 in Copenhagen, Denmark. Learned the blacksmith's trade under his uncle and opened a shop of his own at Copenhagen in 1827. Left for America in Oct., 1830, working his trade at Boston, St. Louis, and later to Keytesville, Mo. While in Missouri he was a member of Warren Lodge No. 74 of Keytesville. In 1839 he joined an immigrant party bound for Oregon City, and in July, 1840 he sailed from Oregon to Calif. aboard the Lausanne. He wandered about Calif. from Sutter's to San Francisco to San Jose. In 1843 he was living by himself on the Cosumnes River. In 1844 he became a Mexican citizen. During the spring of 1846 General Fremont stayed at Lassen's house, and it is significant that Lassen named the little settlement he established on Deer Creek, "Benton City," after Fremont's father-in-law, Thomas Hart Benton, q.v. June, 1847 saw Lassen returning to St. Joseph, Mo. with Commodore Stockton's party. Spending the winter in Mo., he set out again for California, leading an immigrant train of 12 wagons. With them was Rev. Saschel Woods, q.v., member of Wakanda Lodge No. 52 of Carrollton, Mo. who was carrying the Mo. charter for Western Star

58 Benjamin H. Latrobe Lodge No. 98 (now 1) to be opened at Lassen's "Benton City." It is often erroneously stated that Lassen brought the first charter to Calif. The route of the expedition was an impracticable one and has since been dubbed the "Lassen Route." During the gold excitement of 1849-50 the population of Benton City dwindled to almost nothing. Woods was first master of Western Star Lodge and Lassen first junior warden. Lassen lost his ranch in a bad financial deal, and then moved to the Honey Lake region of what is now Lassen Co. While prospecting for a silver mine, he was shot and killed by an Indian in April, 1859. In May, 1862 Lassen Lodge No. 149 was chartered at Honey Lake.

Milton S. Latham (1827-1882) Governor of California, 1860 and U.S. Senator from California, 1860-63. b. in Columbus, Ohio. He was graduated from Jefferson Coll. (Pa.) in 1845. After a brief sojourn in Alabama, where he studied law, and became a court clerk, he came to Calif. sometime during the winter of 1840-50. He was elected to U.S. congress as a representative in 1852, and again in 1854. From 1857-60 he was collector of the Port of San Francisco. His term as governor only lasted five days after his inauguration on Jan. 9, 1860. (He was succeeded by the lieutenant governor, John G. Downey, q.v.), as he resigned to accept appointment as U.S. senator. In 1867 he became president of the California Pacific Railroad Co., which planned a line from Benicia to Sacramento and Marysville, in opposition to the Central Pacific. In 1871, however, Latham and the stockholders sold out to their competition. He became a member of Washington Lodge No. 20 of Sacramento, Calif. in 1859, and withdrew in 1863. He was an early Scottish Rite member in California, being an active 33° of the southern jurisdiction and at one time grand treasurer of the California bodies. d. in New York City March 4, 1882.

Benjamin H. Latrobe (1764-1820) Sometimes called "father of architecture in America." b. May 1, 1764 in Yorkshire, England. Educated in U. of Leipsic and entered Prussian army; was twice wounded. He returned to England, and, in 1789, was made surveyor of the public offices and engineer of London. He arrived at Norfolk, Va. on May 20, 1796, and soon became an engineer of the James River and Appomattox Canal, building the penitentiary in Richmond, and many private mansions. He moved to Philadelphia in 1798, where he designed the Bank of Pa., Bank of the U.S., and planned and installed the first water system in the U.S. In Baltimore he was the architect of the Roman Catholic cathedral, and customs house. Jefferson appointed him surveyor of public buildings in 1802. He designed the south wing of the U.S. Capitol, made alterations in the White House, remodeled the patent office, and drew plans for the Marine Hospital. He also worked on the plans for the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, residing alternately in New Castle and Wilmington until 1808, when he moved to Washington. In 1812 he went into partnership with Robert Fulton, q.v., and Robert R. Livingston, q.v., to build steamboats for the navigation of the upper Ohio River, but lost his fortune on the failure of the enterprise. After the destruction of the Capitol by the British in 1814, Latrobe was engaged to rebuild it (1815-17). At the time of his death on Sept. 3, 1820 he was engaged in the construction of a water system for New Orleans, La. He was initiated in the Lodge of Antiquity No. 2, London, in 1788. He served as junior warden of the same in 1789-90. In America he affiliated with Jerusalem Lodge No. 54, Richmond, Va. His son was John H. B. Latrobe, q.v.

59 John H. B. Latrobe John H. B. Latrobe (1803-1891) Lawyer, inventor, and humanitarian. h. May 4, 1803 in Philadelphia, Pa. the son of Benjamin H. Latrobe, q.v., the famous American architect. He was appointed a cadet in the U.S. Military Academy in 1818, but resigned before graduation on account of his father's death. He then studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1825. He was the inventor of the "Latrobe Stove," sometimes called the "Baltimore heater" of which thousands were sold in Baltimore alone. He was the founder of the Maryland Institute, and was closely identified with the American Colonization Society from 1824. The aim of the society was to return Negro slaves to their native land. As its president, he prepared the first map of Liberia, and, with General Harper, gave many place-names to that country. He was president of the board of visitors of West Point, and president of the Maryland Historical Society. He became a member of Winder Lodge No. 77, Baltimore, Jan. 26, 1825, and was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Maryland from 1870-78. A member of Phoenix Chapter No. 7, R.A.M., Baltimore, he was high priest in 1829-30, and 1836-39. He received the 33° AASR (SJ) in 1872. d. Sept. 11, 1891.

John A. Latzer (1876-?) President of Pet Milk Co. b. Nov. 11, 1876 at Highland, Ill. Graduate of U. of Illinois in 1899 and 1900. Began the manufacturing of condensed milk in 1900, and became president of the Pet Milk Co. of St. Louis. Mason.

Frank C. Laubach Missionary and educator. b. Sept. 2, 1884 in Benton, Pa. Graduate of Princeton in 1909, and doctorate from Columbia U. in 1915. Spent many years in Philippines as missionary, college dean (Union Coll.) and director of Maranaw Folk Schools. He conducted literacy tours of India, Near East, Africa, Mexico, Central and South America, Latin America, Egypt, Ethiopia, Lebanon, Syria, Irak, Iran, West and South Africa, New Guinea, Australia, and Korea. He is a Congregationalist. He is the co-author of more than 200 primers for illiterate adults in over 165 languages embracing 51 countries. His writings include Rizal, Man and Martyr; Toward a Literate World; You Are My Friends; The Silent Billion Speak; Teaching the World to Read; and many others. Member of Benton Lodge No. 667, Benton, Pa. and 32° AASR (NJ) .

Chester Lauck Radio entertainer. He is the "Lum Edwards" of the radio team Lum and Abner. He first performed a skit with his partner, Norris Goff, q.v., while they were master and senior councilors of the DeMolay Chapter at Mena, Ark. Member of Dallas Lodge No. 128, Mena (as is Goff); Hiram Chapter No. 196, R.A.M. and Malta Commandery No. 17, K.T. all of Mena. Member of Scimitar Shrine Temple of Little Rock.

Sir Harry Lauder (1870-1950) Scottish singer who gained fame for his rendition of Scottish songs and ballads. Many were of his own composition including Roamin' in the Gloamin' and Wee Hoose Among the Heather. His real surname was MacLennan. Mason.

Walter E. Lauer Major General, U.S. Army. b. June 29, 1893 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Commissioned in 1917, he advanced through the grades to major general in 1944, and retired in 1946. In WWI he served in France and American occupation of Germany, 1918-23. In WWII was in African Theater, 1942-43, and later commanded the 99th Infantry, 66th Infantry, and 80th Infantry, all in the European Theater of Operations. Mason.

George M. Laughlin (1872-1948) Founder and president of Kirksville College of Osteopathy and Surgery

60 Sir John Laurie (Mo.). b. Dec. 23, 1872 in New London, Mo. Graduate of State Teachers' Coll., Kirksville, Mo. and American School of Osteopathy. From 1900-18 he was a teacher in the American School of Osteopathy, and in 1918 he founded and was president of the Laughlin Hospital. He founded the A.T. Still College of Osteopathy which is now the Kirksville College of Osteopathy. Member of Adair Lodge No. 366, Kirksville, Mo., receiving degrees on July 17, Aug. 7 and 21, 1896. d. Aug. 15, 1948.

Henry Laurens (1724-1792) American Revolutionary statesman. b. in Charleston, S.C. Engaged in mercantile business and acquired a fortune. He fought against the Cherokees. He retired from business, and went to England, in 1771, to superintend the education of his sons. While in London, he was one of the 38 Americans who signed a petition in 1774 to dissuade parliament from passing the Boston port bill. He returned to Charleston in 1774, and was a member of the first provincial congress there in 1775, and was president of the council of safety. In 1776 he was made vice president of S.C. under the new constitution, and was a delegate to the Continental Congress, of which he became president at the resignation of John Hancock, q.v., serving from Nov. 1, 1777 to Dec. 10, 1778. He was appointed minister to Holland in 1779, to negotiate a treaty. His ship Mercury was captured by the British frigate Vestal off the coast of Newfoundland, and he was imprisoned in the Tower of London "on suspicion of high treason" for 18 months. He was exchanged for Lord Cornwallis. He was then sent to Paris with John Jay and Benjamin Franklin to negotiate peace. On his return to America he devoted his life to agriculture. Laurens was probably the first person in America to be cremated. His will asked: "I solemnly enjoin it on my son, as an indispensable duty, that, as soon as heconveniently can, after my decease, he cause my body to be wrapped in 12 yards of tow-cloth and burned until it be entirely consumed." A member of Solomon's Lodge No. 1, Charleston, S.C., he was treasurer of the same in 1755, and grand steward of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina in 1754. d. Dec. 8, 1792.

Alexander Laurie Scottish Masonic author and grand secretary of the Grand Lodge of Scotland. He was first a stocking-weaver, and later a bookseller, and stationer in Parliament Square, Edinburgh, where he printed the Edinburgh Gazette. He was appointed stationer to the grand lodge, and later grand secretary. In 1804 he published a book entitled The History of Freemasonry. Although it bears his name as author, it is now thought to be the work of Sir David Brewster. He was a member of St. Stephen Lodge No. 145, Edinburgh. His son, William Alexander Laurie, also became grand secretary of the Grand Lodge of Scotland. Alexander had changed the name from its original spelling of Lawrie.

James W. Laurie President of Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas since 1951. b. Sept. 10, 1903 in Bellingham, Wash. Graduate of Coe Coll. and Princeton U. Ordained Presbyterian minister in 1926, and served churches in Rahway, N.J., Wilkins-burg, Pa., and Buffalo, N.Y.; in 1951 he was named outstanding citizen of Buffalo. Member of the general council of the general assembly of the Presbyterian church since 1948. Mason.

Sir John Laurie Mayor of London in 1941, who welcomed the first American troops to that city. He served as alderman of the City of London for many years, and was sheriff of London in 1935. He was knighted in 1936, at the close of his term as sheriff, and created a baronet in 1942, at the corn-

61 John Wimburn Laurie pletion of his mayoral year. As mayor, he was installed as master of the famous Guildhall Lodge No. 3116 of London (all Masonic mayors are automatically its master) by the Earl of Harewood, q.v. Named past grand warden of the Grand Lodge of England in 1942. He was grand scribe "N" of the Grand Chapter of England and grand senior warden in the Mark Grand Lodge of England. Deceased.

John Wimburn Laurie (1835-1912) Lieutenant General, British Army. b. Oct. 1, 1835 in London. Educated in Harrow, Dresden and Sandhurst. From 1853-98 he served with great distinction in the Crimean War, Indian Mutiny, under Lord Roberts in South Africa (1881); North West Canada Rebellion (1885); and as Red Cross commissioner in the Serbian-Bulgarian War (1886). He served in the Canadian house of commons, 188791 and in the British house of commons, 1895-1905. He held numerous other public offices and many decorations and military honors. He was initiated in Albany Lodge No. 151, Newport, Isle of Wight on July 19, 1854, and was a member of numerous lodges all over the British Empire. He was grand master of Nova Scotia, 1874-75; provincial grand master of South Wales, 1897-1912. d. May 20, 1912.

Marquis Jacques A.B.L. de Lauriston (1768-1828) Marshal of France. In 1800 he was an aide-de-camp to Napoleon, and served in the Austerlitz campaign. He captured Ragusa in 1807, and distinguished himself at Wagram in 1809. In the restoration period, he rallied to the Bourbon cause, and was made peer of France in 1815, created marquis in 1817, and marshal of France in 1823. He was initiated in the military lodge of the 60th regiment in 1807 while at Ragusa.

Juan Lavalle (1797-1841) Argentine patriot. b. in Buenos Aires. Hejoined the army of General San Martin, q.v., at the age of 15. He took part in the Chilean and Peruvian liberation campaigns, and also fought in Brazil. He was noted for his courage and daring. On his return to his native land, he deposed and executed Colonel Dorrego, governor of the province of Buenos Aires, and fought the tyrant, Rosas. He was forced to flee and was overtaken and murdered in 1841. Mason.

Juan Antonio Lavalleja Uruguayan patriot and Mason. In 1825 he led a small group known as the "33 Immortals" which declared the independence of Uruguay from Brazil. Their arrival in Uruguay from Argentina precipitated the civil war of 184351. In 1853 he was chosen to form a triumvirate, but died before taking office.

George Law (1806-1881) American financier known as the "Steamboat King." b. Oct. 25, 1806 in Jackson, N.Y. Left his farm home at age of 18 and worked in quarries, building canals, etc. Self educated, he became an engineer and draughtsman. He soon became a large contractor for railroads and canals. In 1837 he went to New York City where he contracted for public works, and subsequently purchased and extended the Harlem and Mohawk railroads. He bought the steamer Neptune in 1843, and built the Oregon in 1845. He then contracted to carry the U.S. mails to Calif. He added the steamers Ohio and Georgia, and carried the first passengers by steamboat to Panama. In 1851 he bought out the rival Pacific Mail Steamship Co. He started the railroad across the Isthmus of Panama in 1852. He was the presidential candidate for the "Know Nothing" party in 1856. He was a member of St. Nicholas Lodge No. 321 of New York City. d. Nov. 18, 1881.

62 Samuel C. Lawrence AASR, Southern Supreme Council. b. near Hartsville, S.C. Graduate of U. of South Carolina. In 1905 he organized one of the first industrial laboratories in the south at Atlanta, Ga. He is president of Law & Co., Chemists, and Law-Barrow-Agee Laboratories, Engineers, and is an authority on chemical processes. Active in both Scottish and York rites. He was grand commander of the Grand Commandery K.T. of Georgia in 1932, and is past grand sovereign of the Red Cross of Constantine. Received KCCH in 1933; 33° in 1937; deputy for Georgia, 1950 and active member in 1951.

Oscar Lawler Initiated the movement to build the present Washington National Masonic Memorial at Alexandria, Va. b. April 2, 1875 in Marshalltown, Iowa. Admitted to the bar in 1896, and practiced at Los Angeles. Was U.S. attorney for Southern dist. of Calif. 1905-07, and assistant attorney general for Interior dept., 1909-11. In Practice as Lawler, Felix & Hall. Initiated in East Gate Lodge No. 290, Los Angeles (then Sunset Lodge) on April 22, 1898. He was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Calif. in 1908-09 and a member of the jurisprudence committee since 1947. Member of East Gate Chapter No. 103, R.A.M. and Los Angeles Commandery No. 9, K.T. 32° and KCCH in AASR (SJ) at Los Angeles.

Charles Lawrence (?-1760) British Brigadier General. He was appointed a member of the council of Nova Scotia in Oct., 1749, and the following spring, as a major, led a force against the French at Chignecto. He returned that summer and built Fort Lawrence at the head of the Bay of Fundy. He administered the government after the retirement of Governor Hopson in 1753, was appointed lieutenant-governor in 1754, and governor in 1756. Promoted to brigadier general in Dec. 1757. Was at the siegeof Louisburg. Member of the Craft in Nova Scotia, and was present at the feast of St. John the Evangelist in Boston in Jan. 1757. d. Oct. 18, 1760.

James Lawrence (1781-1813) U.S. Naval Captain, famous for his dying words, "Don't Give Up the Ship!" b. Oct. 1, 1781 in Burlington, N.J. Received appointment as midshipman in 1798. In the Tripoli War, he distinguished himself as a gunboat commander and as second in command of Decatur's, q.v., daring expedition to destroy the captured frigate, Philadelphia. He spent five years on the Barbary Coast, and in 1808 was first lieutenant of the famous Constitution, followed by command of the Argus, Vixen, Wasp, and Hornet. In the War of 1812 he cruised the coast of Brazil, blockaded the British Bonne Citoyenne in port of Salvadore, and sank the brig-of-war Peacock. In command of the Chesapeake, he met the British frigate Shannon, commanded by Captain Broke, offshore from Boston about 30 miles. After a desperate fight, the Chesapeake was captured with 47 killed and 99 wounded. Lawrence and his first lieutenant, Ludlow, q.v., were mortally wounded. Although it is known that Lawrence was a Mason, his lodge membership remains a mystery. The Grand Lodge of New York passed the following resolution: "Resolved that it be referred to the grand officers, that in case there should be a public funeral of our deceased brother, the late gallant Captain Lawrence, to take measure, if they should deem it proper, to assemble the lodges in this city (N.Y.) to join in the procession." Lossing in his Field Book of the War of 1812 states that he was buried with military and Masonic honors. A New York lodge, chartered May 18, 1814 was named in his honor. d. June 6, 1813.

Samuel C. Lawrence (1832-1911) Railroad president, merchant, and Grand Commander Northern Su-

63 Alexander Lawrie preme Council, 33° ASSR from 18671910. b. Nov. 22, 1832 in Medford, Mass. Graduate of Harvard in 1855 and 1858. He was in the banking business at Chicago for two years, and then entered the firm of Lawrence & Sons, Medford, Mass. in 1858, with his father and brother. He was president of the Eastern Railroad Co. in 1875, and after it was leased to the Boston and Main Railroad, he became director and member of the executive committee. In the Civil War he became a brigadier general of Mass. militia (1862-64), and was wounded at first Battle of Bull Run. He was the first mayor of the city of Medford in 1892-94. He was initiated in Hiram Lodge (now Arlington) at West Cambridge, Oct. 26, 1854. Became charter member of Mount Hermon Lodge, Medford, and was master. He was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts in 1881-83. Exalted in Saint Paul's Chapter, June 13, 1885, he became a charter member, and past high priest, of Mystic Chapter, R.A.M. at Medford. He was a member of Boston Council, R. & S.M. and DeMolay Commandery, K.T., Boston, in 1858. Served as grand commander of Grand Commandery of Massachusetts in 1894. Received the AASR degrees in 1862; 33° in 1864; active 33° in 1866. Served as grand commander of the Northern Jurisdiction from May 17, 1867 to Sept. 22, 1910. d. Sept. 24, 1911.

Bolitha James Laws Chief Judge, District Court of the U.S. for District of Columbia since 1945. b. Aug. 22, 1891 in Washington, D.C. Graduate of Georgetown U., and admitted to the bar in 1913. Has been district court U.S. judge since 1938. Member of Benjamin B. French Lodge No. 15, Washington, D.C., receiving degrees on Nov. 3, 1919, Feb. 16 and June 26, 1920. Master of lodge in 1927.

Ezra M. Lawton (1864-1931) U.S. Consul. b. Aug. 23, 1864 in Ironton, Ohio. Started as a clerk and mechanic. In telephone and electric construction work from 1887, and electrical contracting engineer from 1896-1906. Went to Mexico as mining engineer in 1907. He then served in American consulates in Oaxaca, Mexico; Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Guatemala (special mission); Guatemala City; Nogales, Mexico; Sao Paulo, Brazil; and Sydney, Australia. Member of Price Hill Lodge No. 524, Cincinnati, Ohio, receiving degrees in 1894 and dimitting Dec. 3, 1907. d. June 26, 1931.

Henry W. Lawton (?-1899) Major General of Volunteers in Spanish-American War. b. in Ohio, he joined the Army as a sergeant of Co. E, 9th Indiana volunteers in 1861. Rose to captain in Civil War, and entered regular Army as lieutenant in 1866. Member of Summit City Lodge No. 170, Fort Wayne, Ind. d. 1899, while corps commander in Philippines.

Robert D. Lay (1875-1940) President of National Life Insurance Co. of the U.S.A., 1926-33. b. Sept. 30, 1875 in Chicago, Ill. Began as an office boy for an ice company in 1894, resigning as assistant credit manager in 1898 to become manager of E. A. Shedd & Co. Became associated with National Life in 1902; secretary and director 1906-26. Also secretary and vice president of Hydrox Co. Mason. d. Jan. 1, 1940.

Homer Lea (1876-1912) American who became a general in the Chinese Army, and military adviser to Sun Yat Sen. b. in Denver, Colo. He aided in the relief of Peking during the Boxer Rebellion, and became a general in the Chinese army in 1909. From 1911-12 he was adviser to Sun Yat Sen. He was the author of The Valor of Ignorance and The Day of

George M. Leader Governor of Pennsylvania from 1955. b. Jan. 17, 1918 near York, Pa. Graduate of U. of Pennsylvania in 1939. He is the proprietor of Willow Brook Farms, Dover, Pa., and for a number of years secretary and treasurer of Guy A. Leader & Sons, Inc. He was a member of the state senate from 1950-54. In WWII he served as a Naval lieutenant from 1942-46. He was made a Mason "at sight," March 3, 1955.

Walter Leake (1760-1825) U.S. Senator from Mississippi, 1817-20. b. in Virigina about 1760. He fought in the Revolutionary War, and afterward moved to Hinds Co., Miss. where he practiced law. He resigned as U.S. senator to be appointed judge of the circuit court, continuing as judge until 1821, when he was chosen governor of Mississippi, holding that office at his death on Nov. 17, 1825. Seemingly he received his degrees in Warren Lodge No. 33, Warren, Va. and served as senior warden in 1803. He later became a member of Washington Lodge No. 3, Port Gibson, Miss. and was master of this lodge.

Sheppard C. Leakin General in War of 1812. Made a Mason in Washington Lodge No. 3, Baltimore, Md., Feb. 4, 1812, and served as master of same several terms.

Ben Lear Lieutenant General, U.S. Army. b. May 12, 1879 at Hamilton, Ont., Canada, and brought to the U.S. in 1881. He entered the Spanish-American War as a sergeant of the 1st Colorado Volunteers in 1898, and was commissioned in 1901, advancing through grades to lieutenant general in 1940. Served in Philippine Insurrection and WWI. In WWII he commanded the 2nd Army in 1940, and the Army Ground Forces, 1935-45. In 1945 he was deputy commander to General Eisenhower, retiring Dec. 31,1945. He is a member of Hancock Lodge No. 311, Ft. Leavenworth, Kans. Received the 32° AASR (SJ) in Colorado Consistory, Denver on May 21, 1941; KCCH Oct. 19, 1943 and 33° on Oct. 16, 1945.

Fred Roy Lear (1882-1950) Architect. b. Dec. 2, 1882 in Corning, N.Y. Graduate of Syracuse U. in 1905. Taught architecture at Syracuse U. from 1905-46, and now professor emeritus. Has exhibited water colors in this country and France. He designed the University Church, Syracuse; Grace Methodist Church, Corning, N.Y.; Lafayette Methodist and Lutheran Church of Atonement, Syracuse, and memorial for Admiral Peary, q.v., in Arlington, Va. Member of Sea and Field Lodge No. 983 of Syracuse, N.Y. He was raised in this lodge in Paris, France in 1914 and served as its master in 1928. He was president of East Gate Club (for past masters and wives) for 15 years. d. June, 1950.

John J. Leary, Jr. (1874-1944) Journalist and Pulitzer Prize winner. b. Feb. 2, 1874 in Lynn, Mass. Was self-supporting from 11 years of age. Began with Lynn Press in 1893. Night editor of Boston Post, 1895-1903, and special writer and city editor of Boston Herald 1905-07. Financial editor and associate editor of New York Herald, and special European correspondent and editorial adviser to James Gordon Bennett. Staff correspondent of New York Tribune, 191318, and specialist in labor and economics for New York World 1919-31. Received Pulitzer prize in 1920 for his reporting on coal strike of 1919, and presented gold watch by A.F. of L. for same work. Was voted silver button of honorary membership in "Mutual Welfare League" by the 1,600 inmates of Sing Sing Prison for his interest in their welfare. Exalted in Corinthian Chapter No. 159, R.A.M. on May 25, 1911; greeted in Colum-

65 Elmer 0. Leatherwood bian Council No. 1, R. & S.M. Oct. 5, 1916; knighted in Ivanhoe Commandery No. 36, K.T. March 30, 1922; member of World Masonic Club, all of New York City. d. Jan. 4, 1944.

Elmer 0. Leatherwood (1872-1929) President of Western Powder Co., and U.S. Congressman to 67th through 70th Congresses (1921-29) from 2nd Utah dist. b. Sept. 4, 1872 in Waverly, Ohio. Graduate of U. of Wisconsin in 1901. Began law practice in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1901. President of Leary & Warren Stockyard, and Olympus Mining & Milling Co. Received degrees in Hiawatha Lodge No. 35, Hiawatha, Kans. and affiliated with Wasatch Lodge No. 1, Salt Lake City, Utah on Jan. 9, 1903. Received 32° AASR (SJ) at Salt Lake City on Nov. 23, 1905. d. Dec. 24, 1929.

Halsey B. Leavitt Business executive and commander-in-chief of United Spanish War Veterans, 1945-46. b. July 25, 1878 at Essex Junction, Vt. From 1899-1920 he was reporter, editor, and correspondent of newspapers in Havana, Cuba. Since 1921 has been president of Leavitt Insurance Co., Asheville, N.C. Served as sergeant in 9th Illinois Infantry in Spanish-American War. Member of Mount Hermon Lodge No. 118, Asheville, N.C. being raised Sept. 15, 1921. A past district deputy grand master and 33° AASR (SJ) in Valley of Asheville.

Scott Leavitt U.S. Congressman to 68th through 72nd Congresses (192333) from 2nd Mont. dist. b. June 16, 1879 in Elk Rapids, Mich. From 190107 he homesteaded and taught in Oregon. Entered the U.S. Forest Service as a ranger in 1907, and was supervisor of the Lewis & Clark National Forest in Montana in 1910, and the Jefferson National Forest, 1913-18. He was chief of information of the North Central Region of the Forest Service at Milwaukee from 1935-41 when he retired. Served in the Spanish-American War, and in 1936-37 was nationalcommander-in-chief of the United Spanish War Veterans. Member of Delta Lodge No. 128, Great Falls Chapter No. 9, R.A.M. and Black Eagle Commandery No. 8, K.T., all of Great Falls, Mont.

John F. Le Baron (1847-1935) Engineer in charge of Nicaragua Canal surveys and construction, 1887-90 and original discoverer of immense deposits of phosphate, kaolin, and fullers earth in Florida in 1881. b. Sept. 28, 1847 at Boston, Mass. Had his name changed from Patch to Le Baron in 1865 by court. Served as city engineer for several Northeast cities. Was chief engineer of Fitchburg Railroad, and also of St. John's & Indian River Railroad. Served in Spanish-American War, raising Co. L of 10th U.S. Volunteer Infantry. Mason. d. 1935.

Claude E. LeBauld de Nans (17361789) Actor and Masonic author. b. in 1736 at Besancon. He was master of the Lodge Saint Charles de l'Union in Mannheim, and when he moved to Berlin in 1771, became orator of the Lodge Royale York de l'Amitie and also edited a Masonic journal. In 1781 he published Masonic Harp, a collection of songs for lodge use.

Karl M. LeCompte U.S. Congressman to 76th through 85th Congresses (1939-58) from 4th and 5th Iowa dist. b. May 25, 1887 at Corydon, Iowa. Graduate of U. of Iowa in 1909. He has been publisher of the Corydon Times-Republican since 1910. Served in Army in WWI. Member of Corydon Lodge No. 91, Corydon, Ia. for almost 50 years.

Walter E. Ledden Methodist Bishop. b. March 27, 1888 in Glassboro, N.J. Graduate of Dickinson Coll. (Pa.); Drew U. and Syracuse U. Ordained to Methodist Episcopal ministry in 1914, and served churches in Rumson, N.J., Belmar, N.J., Camden, N.J., Buffalo, N.Y., Providence, R.I. and Albany, N.Y. Elected bishop in

Arthur F. Lederle Chief Judge, Federal Court, Eastern Michigan. b. Nov. 25, 1887 in Leland, Mich. Graduate of Michigan State Normal Coll., Detroit Coll. of Law, and U. of Detroit. He was a school teacher at Sherman, Traverse City, River Rouge, and Detroit, Mich. from 1909-23. Admitted to the bar in 1915. Named federal judge for Eastern dist. of Michigan in 1936 and chief judge since 1948. Received degrees in Wyandotte Lodge No. 170, Wyandotte, Mich. on April 13, April 27 and May 18, 1914. Affiliated with Kilwinning Lodge No. 297, Detroit, Oct 7, 1918.

Joaquim Goncalves Ledo Founder of the Grand Orient of Brazil in 1822. A journalist noted for his studies of government and interest in national independence.

Andrew E. Lee (1847-1934) Governor of South Dakota, 1897-1901. b. March 18, 1847 near Bergen, Norway, and came with parents to Dane Co., Wis. in 1851. Engaged in farming and mercantile pursuits from 1869. Was mayor of Vermillion, S.D. Member of Incense Lodge No. 2, Vermillion, S.D. receiving degrees on June 30, July 27 and Aug. 24, 1871. He was dimitted from 1886-1922 when he again affiliated. 32° AASR (SJ) in Oriental Consistory, Yankton, S.D. in Jan. 1899. d. March 10, 1934.

Bert S. Lee (1871-1957) General Grand Master, General Grand Council, R. & S.M., 1924-27. Entered railroad tie business at age of 19 under name of Hobart-Lee Tie Co. Later was president of Springfield (Mo.) Warehouse and Transfer Co. b. Oct. 30, 1871 in Marshfield, Mo. Raised in Sparta Lodge No. 296, Sparta, Mo. on March 31, 1893 affiliating with Gate of the Temple Lodge No. 422, Springfield and serving as its master. Grand master of the Grand Lodge of Mo.,1922. Exalted in Vincil Chapter No. 110, Sept. 24, 1897, he was grand high priest in 1921; Greeted in Zabud Council No. 25, Springfield, he was grand master in 1910. Knighted in St. John's Commandery No. 20, Springfield, he was grand commander in 1911. Member of St. Andrew Conclave No. 11, Red Cross of Constantine, Joplin, Mo. in 1907 and served as sovereign in 1918. Received 32° AASR in Joplin Consistory AASR (SJ). For many years he was vice president of the George Washington National Memorial Association. d. March 6, 1957.

Edward E. Lee (1884-1944) Author. b. Sept. 2, 1884 in Meridan, Ill. Began as a factory apprentice in 1897, and later in advertising positions with various companies. Started writing juvenile books in 1921. He was the author of the Jerry Todd series (16 books) ; Potty Ott series (11 books); Andy Blake series (4 books); Trigger Berg series (4 books); and Tuffy Bean series (5 books). He wrote under the name of Leo Edwards. Mason. d. Sept. 28, 1944.

Edwin F. Lee (1884-1948) Methodist Bishop. b. July 10, 1884 in Eldorado, Iowa. Graduate of Northwestern U., Upper Iowa U., Garrett School of Theology, U. of Chicago. Ordained to Methodist ministry in 1908. Served churches in New Hampton, Ia., missionary-minister in Java, Malaya, Manila, P.I. and Rockford, Ia. He then became associate secretary for Board of Foreign Missions in N.Y., 1919-24, and pastor at Singapore, and superintendent of Singapore district, 1924-28. Named missionary bishop of Malaysia and Philippines in 1928. Served with the A.E.F. in WWI as a chaplain, and in 194445, was director general of commission of Army and Navy Chaplains, Washington, D.C. Member of Zetlandin-the-East Lodge No. 508, at Singapore, China, under Scottish constitu-

67 Francis Lighfoot Lee tion. Knight Templar and 32° AASR (SJ) . d. Sept. 14, 1948.

Francis Lightfoot Lee (1734-1797) Signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was not a Freemason as far as known, but is often confused with his nephew of the same name, who was a member of Alexandria-Washington Lodge No. 22, Alexandria, Va.

Gentry Lee Vice President and Director of Cities Service Oil Co., Bartlesville, Okla. since 1951. b. Feb. 20, 1903 in Center Point, Ark. Graduate of U. of Oklahoma in 1924 and admitted to the bar that year. He was staff attorney for Barnsdall Oil Co., 1937-45, and later went with Cities Service. Received degrees in Petroleum lodge No. 474, Tulsa, Okla. on Nov. 20, Dec. 18, 1931 and Jan. 29, 1932. He dimitted on Dec. 7, 1951 and affiliated with Bartlesville Lodge No. 284, Bartlesville on Feb. 12, 1952. He was junior steward of Petroleum Lodge in 1934.

Henry Lee (1756-1818) Known as "Light Horse Harry" for his brilliant cavalry operations in the Revolutionary War. Father of Robert E. Lee. b. Jan. 29, 1756 at Leesylvania, Westmoreland Co., Va. Graduate of Princeton in 1774. He joined Washington's army in Pa. as the captain of a Virginia cavalry company. With skill and daring he surprised the British garrison at Paulus Hook on July 19, 1779, and carried off 160 prisoners. After the disastrous Battle of Camden in 1780, he successfully covered Green's retreat. He captured Fort Motte and Fort Granby and Augusta. At the close of the war he was a colonel. In 1786 he was chosen delegate to the Continental Congress. In 1789-91 he was a member of the Va. legislature, and was governor of Virginia in 179295. Washington appointed Lee a general in 1794, and gave him 15,000 troops to break up the "whisky Rebel-lion." He was U.S. Congressman in 1799-1801. Lee coined the famous phrase "First in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen" in an oration commemorating the services of Washington in 1799. He was a member of Hiram Lodge No. 59, Westmoreland Co., Va., but it is believed that he was made a Mason in the Tappahannock (Hobbs Hole) lodge. American Union Lodge of Marietta, Ohio has an apron that is presumed to be Lee's and to date prior to the Revolution. d. March 25, 1818.

Homer Lee (1856-1923) Artist and bank note engraver. b. May 18, 1856 in Mansfield, Ohio. He was a regular exhibitor at the National Academy of Design, and also in London and Paris. He was the founder and president of the Homer Lee Bank Note Co. and vice president of Franklin Lee Bank Note Co. Also president of the Hamilton Bank Note Co. He was the inventor of the Homer Lee rotary steel plate printing system, together with numbering devices used by U.S. Treasury Dept. on government bonds and bank notes. Also inventor of the "steelograph" process and many improvements in linotype composing machines. Mason and 32° AASR. d. Jan.

J. Bracken Lee Governor of Utah, 1949-57. b. Jan. 7, 1899 in Price, Utah. He began as a postal clerk in 1919, becoming an insurance agent. Since 1930 he has been manager and owner of the Equitable Insurance Agency at Price, and director of Time Finance Co. of Salt Lake City. Served as mayor of Price, 1936-47. Is national chairman of For America since 1957, and director of national committee to repeal the 16th amendment. Served in WWI as an Infantry sergeant. Received Freedom Foundation award in 1952. Initiated in Joppa Lodge No.

26, Price, Utah in 1928. 32° and KCCH in AASR (SJ) at Salt Lake City and member of El Kalah Shrine Temple.

68 Robert C. Lee James G. C. Lee (1836-1916) Brigadier General, U.S. Army. b. Aug. 12, 1836 near Hamilton, Ont., Canada. Served in the Civil War in quartermaster department, first as a captain, and to brigadier general, and retired in 1904. In Civil War he was with headquarters of the Army of Potomac and several supply depots in Va., and was acting chief quartermaster during the Gettysburg campaign. He commanded the right wing of defenses of Alexandria, Va. in 1864. Mason. d. July 26, 1916.

Joshua B. Lee U.S. Senator from Oklahoma, 1937-43. b. Jan. 23, 1892 at Childersburg, Ala. Graduate of U. of Oklahoma, Columbia U., and Cumberland U. He first taught school in Rocky, Okla; coached and taught at Baptist U. (Okla.), and taught public speaking at U. of Oklahoma from 191734. He was U.S. congressman from the 5th Okla. dist., 1935-37. Member of Civil Aeronautics Board, Washington, D.C. from 1943. Now in law practice in Oklahoma City. Member of Norman Lodge No. 38, Norman, Okla.

Percy M. Lee Justice, Supreme Court of Mississippi since 1950. b. Nov. 14, 1892 in Ludlow, Miss. Graduate of Mississippi Coll. in 1911, and admitted to the bar in 1916, practicing in Forest, Miss. Served as assistant to attorney general, city attorney, district attorney, and circuit judge. Member of Forest Lodge No. 437, Forest, Miss., receiving degrees on Sept. 22, Oct. 13 and Nov. 23, 1920. Was master of lodge in 1925 and grand master of Grand Lodge of Mississippi in 1937. Exalted in Forest Chapter No. 97, R.A.M. in 1922; greeted in Newton Council No. 27, R. & S.M. in 1922; and knighted in Newton Commandery No. 27, K.T. in 1922. 32° AASR (SJ) in Albert Pike Consistory, Jackson, Miss. and became member of Hamasa Shrine Temple of Meridian in 1923.

Richard Henry Lee (1732-1794) Signer of Declaration of Independence and Articles of Confederation. b. Jan. 20, 1732 at Stratford, Westmoreland Co., Va. Was educated in England, returning to America in 1752, where he studied law. He was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1759, and prominent in defending colonial rights from 1764. He opposed slavery and proposed a tax on slaves that would make further importation of them prohibitive. In 1773 he joined Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson in initiating the intercolonial committees of correspondence. He was a Virginia delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774-79. It was Lee who moved the resolution that "these united colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved." This was adopted by the Continental Congress on July 2, 1776. He was again a member of congress from 178489, being president in 1784-85. He was a member of the U.S. senate in 178992. He lived at Nailers, just across the Rappahannock River about eight miles from Hobb's Hole (later Tappahannock) where there was a lodge for a _ number of years, and it is thought that he probably received his degrees there. A. P. Anderson in Virginia Masons Who Served in the Revolution states that he later became a member of Hiram Lodge No. 59, Westmoreland Co., Va. d. June 19, 1794.

Robert C. Lee Steamship line executive. b. Aug. 30, 1888 in Central City, Nebr. Educated in U.S. Naval Academy and naval officer from 190620. In WWI he was a captain commanding the destroyer Wainwright, and port officer at Nantes, France. In WWII he rose from captain to commodore; and was special assistant on the staff of Admiral Nimitz in the

69 Robert E. Lee Pacific, and Admiral Stark and General Eisenhower in Europe. In 1920 he became president of the Foreign Shipping Service Co. and R. C. Lee, Inc. Has been with Moore & McCormack Lines, Inc. since 1921, and vice president since 1926. He is now executive vice-president of the company, and all associated companies. Member of Forest Hills Lodge No. 946, Forest Hills, L.I., N.Y.

Robert E. Lee (1807-1870) Commander-in-Chief of Confederate Armies. Sometimes referred to as a Mason, but was not.

T. Bailey Lee (1873-1948) Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Idaho, 1931-32 and Federal judge of Idaho from 1935. b. Aug. 10, 1873 at Mocksville, N.C. Graduate of U. of North Carolina in 1894 and admitted to bar in 1897, first practicing at Butte, Mont. and later at Burley, Idaho. Admitted to Burley Lodge No. 68, Burley, Idaho on May 8, 1920 from Silver Bow Lodge No. 48, Butte, Mont. d. March 1, 1948.

William C. Lee (1895-1948) Major General, U.S. Army. b. March 12, 1895 at Dunn, N.C. Graduate of North Carolina State Coll. in 1917. Commissioned second lieutenant in 1913, he advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1942, and major general Aug. 18, 1942. He served in A.E.F., France in WWI; and in WWII was commander of American parachute troops, 1941-42, and airborn troops, 1942-45. He retired in 1945. Mason. d. June 25, 1948.

William G. Lee (1859-1929) President of Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, 1909-29. b. LaPrairie, Ill., Nov. 29, 1859. He was a brakeman and conductor on various railroads from 1879-84, and conductor with Union Pacific, 1889-95. Became first vice-president of the B.R.T. in 1895. Received degrees in Kaw Lodge No. 272, Kansas City, Kans., on June 3, Oct. 17, 1895 and Jan. 2, 1896. Affiliated with Acacia Lodge No. 9, Lawrence, Kans. on Sept. 17, 1896. d. Nov. 2, 1929.

William L. Lee Brigadier General, U.S. Army. b. July 18, 1903 at Weatherford, Texas. Graduate of Texas A. & M. Coll. in 1927. Commissioned in 1929, and advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1944. In 193538 he organized the Philippine Army Air Corps under General Douglas MacArthur, q.v. Presently commander of Amarillo Air Force Base, Amarillo, Texas. An article in the Saturday Evening Post in 1955 characterized him as the "Toughest Guy in the Air Force" and told the story that he was reduced in rank from brigadier general in 1946 for slapping John Maragon (Maragon later spent 19 months in jail for perjury and when Lee's old friend, Eisenhower, entered the White House, his rank was restored). Member of Randolph Lodge No. 1268, Schertz, Texas, receiving degrees on Dec. 15, 1925; Feb. 9, 1926; and March 13, 1926. Member of W. T. Austin Chapter No. 87, R.A.M., W. T. Austin Council No. 52, R. & S.M. and Ivanhoe Commandery No. 8, K.T. all of Bryan, Texas. He served as master of Randolph Lodge No. 1268 in 193435. 32° and KCCH in AASR (SJ) at San Antonio. Member of Red Cross of Constantine, Alzafar Shrine Temple, Royal Order of Jesters and is past president of three chapters of National Sojourners.

Edward T. Leech (1892-1949) Newspaper editor. b. June 17, 1892 in Denver, Colo. Began on Denver Republican in 1909. He subsequently edited the Denver Express, and Memphis (Tenn.) Press. Founded and edited the Birmingham (Ala.) Post in 1921 for Scripps-Howard. He edited the Rocky Mountain News (Denver) from 1926-31, and was editor and president of the Pittsburgh Press (Pa.) from 1931. Mason. d. Dec. 11, 1949.

70 Mortimer D. Leggett C. A. Leedy, Jr. Judge of Supreme Court of Missouri from 1933. b. May 20, 1895 at Benton, Mo. Studied law at St. Joseph Law School, St. Joseph, Mo. He served as official reporter to the Peace Conference in Paris and Versailles, which resulted in the Treaty of Versailles, ending WWI. Admitted to bar in 1922, practicing first at Plattsburg, and then at Kansas City with his brother. Has served three terms as chief justice-1940-41; 1948-49; 1955-56. Member of Plattsburg Lodge No. 113, Plattsburg, Mo., but suspended since about 1919.

Charles W. Leeman Organizer and president of the Metropolitan Accident and Health Insurance Co. Omaha, Nebr. in 1933. b. July 21, 1893 at Honey Grove, Texas. Started as a salesman in meat and grocery field in Kans. and Texas. Entered insurance field at Kansas City in 1919, and became vice-president of Union Insurance Co., Wichita, Kans., in 1923-33. Since 1937 he has been president and general manager of Union Pacific Finance Corp. Mayor of Omaha in 194748. Member of St. Johns Lodge No. 25, Omaha, receiving degrees on Sept. 14, Oct. 19 and Nov. 16, 1939; 32° AASR (SJ) and KCCH; past potentate of Tangier Shrine Temple, Omaha (1955) and member of DeMolay Legion of Honor.

James Leeson (?-1794) His tombstone in Trinity Church Yard, opposite Wall Street, N.Y.C., has a Royal Arch cipher hieroglyphic chiseled on it . . . "Remember Death." He was a "butcher and tavern keeper at 30 Fly-market," in 1791; and in 1794 listed under "tavern, boarding house, and Philadelphia stage office, 242 Water St." The New York Diary or Evening Register of Friday, Oct 3, 1794 says he died "On Saturday morning, Sept. 27, last, and in the evening his remains were interred in the Trinity Church Yard, attended by a great number of Masonic brethren and other respectable citizens.”

Francois Joseph Lefebvre (17551820) French General, Marshal of the Empire, and Peer of France. Commanded a brigade in 1793 and a division in 1794. He fought at Altenkirchen, Neuwied, Stockach, and captured Danzig. He was made marshal of the Empire in 1807. In 1812-14 he was commander of the imperial guard, and at the restoration was appointed Peer of France by Louis XVIII. In 1805 he was grand keeper of archives of the Grand Orient of France.

Francois Lefort (1656-1699) Russian General, Grand Admiral, and Viceroy. Of Swiss birth and Scotch descent, he was a favorite of Peter the Great, q.v., and one of his chief aides in the reorganization of Russia. He was appointed successively general, grand admiral, and viceroy of Novgorod. When Peter returned from visiting foreign lands, he directed that a Masonic lodge be established at St. Petersburg, and he named Lefort to be the first master of that lodge.

Mortimer D. Leggett (1831-?) Major General in Civil War and U.S. Commissioner of Patent. b. April 19, 1831 in Ithaca, N.Y. Moved with his Quaker family to Ohio, where he was graduated in medicine at Willoughby, Ohio in 1844. In 1846 he organized the first system of union free schools in the state. He was admitted to the bar in 1845, and was professor in the Ohio Law Coll., and later superintendent of schools in Zanesville. He raised the 78th Ohio Infantry at the beginning of the war, and was its colonel. He fought at Fort Donelson, Shiloh (wounded), and Corinth. Commanding a brigade, he captured Jackson, Tenn., defended Olivia, Tenn. (wounded), and in Nov. 1862, was made brigadier general. He was again wounded at Vicksburg, and Champion Hills. He commanded the 3rd division of the 7th corps in Sherman's

71 Augusto B. Leguia y SaIcedo march to the sea, and was made major general on Aug. 21, 1865. Named U.S. commissioner of patents in 1871. Member of Amity Lodge No. 5, Zanesville, Ohio, receiving degrees on April 5 and 19, 1858. Dimitted Aug. 5, 1877. Member of Cyprus Commandery No. 10, K.T. being knighted Nov. 20, 1860.

Augusto B. Leguia y Salcedo (18631932) Twice President of Peru, 190812, and 1919-30. He was a banker and insurance manager from 1886-1903. In 1903 he become minister of finance, a position he held until elected president of Peru in 1908. From 1912-19 he was president of the Latin-American Chamber of Commerce in London, returning in the latter year, when with the aid of an army he seized power and expelled President Jose Pardo y Barreda. His action was legalized by the assembly, and he served as president until overthrown by a military revolt in Aug., 1930. He was a 33° Scottish Rite Mason.

Onesimo Leguizamon (1839-1886) Argentinian minister of Justice, Culture and Public Education. He was president of the South American Pedagogical Congress of 1882. A professor in the U. of Buenos Aires. Mason.

Lloyd A. Lehrbas Foreign correspondent and editor. b. Oct. 15, 1898 in Montpelier, Idaho. He served as a reporter successively with Salt Lake Tribune, San Francisco Chronicle, Chicago American, and Chicago Tribune. He then became a foreign correspondent for International News Service in Japan, China, and the Philippines. He was news editor for Fox Movietone News, and foreign affairs writer for the Associated Press in Washington. He covered China, Poland, France, Italy, Spain, Rumania, and Turkey for the A.P. as a war-correspondent in WWII. From 194648 he was executive editor of World Report. From 1948-49 he was directorof the Office of International Information of the state dept.; special consultant to General Ridgway at SHAPE, 1952-53; and special assistant to secretary of army and chief of staff since 1953. Received degrees in King Solomon Lodge No. 27, Montpelier, Idaho in 1918.

Michael Leib (1759-1822) U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania, 1808-14. b. in Philadelphia. He studied medicine and practiced in Philadelphia. He served several years in the state legislature, and as U.S. congressman from 1798-1806. He resigned from the U.S. senate in 1814 to become postmaster of Philadelphia. He was a past master of Concordia Lodge No. 67, Philadelphia, Pa. d. Dec. 22, 1822.

Joseph Leidy (1823-1891) Naturalist, known as the "father of American paleontology." b. Sept. 9, 1823 in Philadelphia, Pa. Graduate of U. of Pennsylvania in 1844, with medical degree. Served as a contract surgeon in the Satterlee General Hospital at Philadelphia in Civil War. Held the chair of anatomy in U. of Pennsylvania, and later, chair of natural history at Swarthmore Coll. He published more than 800 papers on biological subjects, including: On, the Fossil Horse; A Flora and Fauna within Living Animals; Cretaceous Reptiles of the U.S.; Ancient Fauna of Nebraska; Fresh Water Rhizopods of North America; Tapeworm in Birds; The Parasites and Termites, etc. He became a member of Lodge No. 51, Philadelphia, Pa. on Feb. 24, 1859. d. 1891.

Paul S. Leinbach (1874-1941) Editor of Reformed Church Messenger of Evangelical and Reformed Church, from 1917. b. Sept. 21, 1874 in Womelsdorf, Pa. Degrees from Franklin and Marshall Coll. in 1895, Reformed Church Theo. Seminary (Pa.) in 1898, and Heidelburg U. (Germany) in 1912. Ordained to ministry of Reformed Church in the U.S., in 1898,

72 John A. LeJeune and served churches in Altoona, Pittsburgh, Easton, Pa., and in New York. He was president of his church's board of Christian education from 1930-38, and president of the editorial council of the religious press of America, 1924-34. From 1905-13 he was secretary general of board of home missions; president of the Eastern Synod, 1911-12; first vice-president of the General Synod, 1911-12. From 1940 he was president of the board of business management of the Evangelical and Reformed Church. Member of Dallas Lodge No. 396, Easton, Pa., receiving degrees on April 14, May 12, June 9, 1908. d. Dec. 7, 1941.

Augustus Frederick, 3rd Duke of Leinster (1791-1874) Grand master of the Grand Lodge of Ireland for a period of 61 years (1813-74), which, with the exception of the Duke of Connaught, q.v., was the longest term ever served by any grand master any place in the world. In 1814 he signed the International Compact in behalf of Ireland, with other Masonic groups in London.

George S. Leisure Lawyer. b. Aug. 14, 1889 at Slater, Mo. Graduate of U. of Chicago, 1914 Harvard U., 1917. Began law practice in office of Charles Evans Hughes, N.Y.C. in 1919. Distinguished himself as assistant U.S. attorney and chief of criminal division in office of U.S. attorney; prosecuted election frauds in N.Y. in 1928; chief assistant in the case of U.S. vs. Harry M. Daughterty, q.v., former attorney general of U.S. and Thomas W. Miller, former alien property custodian in 1927. In 1932 he was associated with Clarence Darrow in defense of Fortescue-Massie case in Honolulu. He was defense counsel for Joseph W. Harriman, president of Harriman National Bank, N.Y. in 1934; defense counsel for E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. and Remington Arms Co. in the munitions investigation of 1934; defense counsel in U.S. vs. RKO Distributing Corp., Warner Bros., and Paramount at St. Louis in 1935-36; defense counsel in U.S. vs. Standard Oil Co. and 23 other oil companies in 1937; also defense counsel for large trust suits in cement and railroad fields. Member of Kane Lodge No. 454, N.Y.C. receiving degrees on Oct. 7, Nov. 18, Dec. 2, 1930.

John A. LeJeune (1867-1942) Major General, U.S. Marine Corps; 13th Commandant of the Marine Corps (1920-49); earned proud title of "the greatest leatherneck of them all!" b. Jan. 10, 1867 at Pointe Coupee Parish, La. Attended Louisiana State U. from 1881-84, and was graduated from U.S. Naval Academy in 1888. He was commissioned in 1888, and advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1916, and major general in 1918. Spent two years at sea as a naval cadet, and was shipwrecked on U.S.S. Vandalic in the hurricane at Samoa in March, 1889. In the Spanish-American War he commanded the Marines aboard the Cincinnati. He then served in Panama, Mexico, and the Philippines. From 1915-17 he was assistant to the Marine Corps commandant at Washington, and was appointed commandant of the Marine Corps Barracks at Quantico, Va. in Sept. 1917. The next June, however, found him arriving at Brest, France. He distinguished himself throughout WWI, successively as commander of the 64th Brigade; 4th Brigade; and particularly the 2nd Army Division. In commanding this division he became the only Marine officer to hold an Army divisional command. It was composed of regular Army and Marine Corps troops. He led them at St. Mihiel, in the Argonne, and spearheaded the noted assault on Blanc Mont Ridge, where the French had been checked for three years. On his return to the U.S. he was commandant of the Marine Barracks at Quantico for a few months, and then

73 John Leland in command of the entire Marine Corps from 1920-29. Retired in 1929, he became superintendent of Virginia Military Institute at Lexington until 1937, and emeritus from that date. Camp LeJeune is named for him, as is LeJeune Lodge No. 350 at Quantico, Va. He received his degrees in Overseas Lodge No. 40 at Coblenz, Germany on May 3, May 7, and May 17, 1919. This lodge was under Rhode Island constitution, and is now located at Providence. He became a member of Albert Pike Consistory, Washington, D.C., April 15, 1921 (withdrew in 1933) and Almas Shrine Temple, Washington. When at V.M.I. he frequently attended meetings of Mountain City Lodge No. 67, Lexington. d. Nov. 20, 1942.

John Leland (1506?-1552) English Antiquary, who as chaplain of King Henry VIII, was appointed "Kings Antiquary"—a title which he was the first and last to bear (1533). He spent the rest of his life arranging and digesting the collection of documents he found on tours of England and Wales. These were deposited in the Bodleian Library. His importance to Freemasonry is through the Leland Manuscript which he is supposed to have copied from the original pen of King Henry VI, which he describes in his title: "Certayne questyons with awnswers to the same concernynge the mystery of maconrye; wryttene by the hande of Kynge Henry the Sixthe of the name, and faythfullye copied by me, Johan Leylande, Antiquarius, by the commaunde of His Highnesse." Masonic scholars have long disagreed on the authenticity of this document. Leland died April 18, 1552.

Curtis E. LeMay Full General, and Vice Chief of Staff of the U.S. Air Force. b. Nov. 15, 1906 in Ohio. Graduate of Ohio State U. in 1932. Began as a flying cadet in the Air Corps in 1928; commissioned secondlieutenant in 1930, advancing through grades to temporary general in 1951, and permanent major general since 1943. He has successively commanded the 305th Bomb Group; 3rd Bomb Division; 20th Bomber Command; 21st Bomber Command; 20th Air Force. Was chief of staff of U.S. Strategic Air Forces in 1945; deputy chief of air staff for research and development, 1945; commanding general of USAF in Europe, 1947; and for nearly ten years, commander-in-chief of the Strategic Air Command (SAC). In 1947 he was assigned to headquarters USAF as vice chief of staff. He was raised in Lakewood Lodge No. 601, Lakewood, Ohio, July 7, 1944; 32° AASR (SJ) and KCCH on Oct. 18, 1955. Received 33° in 1959.

A. M. LeMierre (1733-1793) French writer who belonged to the Lodge of the Neuf Soeurs, Paris, and was present at the reception of Voltaire, q.v.

Clarence E. Lemmon President, International Convention Disciples of Christ, 1942-44. b. Feb. 2, 1888 in Seward Co., Nebr. Graduate of Cotner Coll. (Nebr.), U. of Nebraska, and Culver Stockton Coll. (Mo.) Ordained minister of Disciples of Christ Church in 1913, serving churches in Ashland, Hastings (Nebraska); St. Louis, and Columbia, Mo. Has been -at Columbia since 1930. Raised in Pomegranate Lodge No. 110, Ashland, Nebr. in 1914, he later affiliated with a lodge in Hastings, Nebr. (1916) and to Rose Hill Lodge No. 550, St. Louis in 1923. Since 1931 he has been a member of Acacia Lodge No. 602, Columbia, Mo. Member of Columbia Chapter No. 17, R.A.M. at Columbia and Centralia Council No. 34, R. & S.M., Centralia, Mo. Received 32° AASR (SJ) in Hastings, Nebr. in 1917, and affiliated with Valley of St. Louis in 1922. Has twice served as grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Mo. and twice in same capacity for Grand Chapter, R.A.M. of Mo.

74 C. Lenning Reuben C. Lemmon (1825-1905) General Grand High Priest, General Grand Chapter, R.A.M., 1897-1900. b. May 12, 1825 in Varick, N.Y. He practiced law in Toledo, Ohio for over 20 years, and was judge of court of common pleas, Toledo. Raised in Toledo Lodge No. 144 in 1855; exalted in Ft. Meigs Chapter No. 29, RAM., 1856; greeted in Toledo Council, R. & S.M. in 1860; and knighted in Toledo Cornmandery No. 7, K.T. in 1857. Received 32° AASR (NJ) in 1875 and 33° Sept. 16, 1890. Served as grand master of Grand Lodge of Ohio in 1880, and grand high priest of Grand Chapter of Ohio in 1875. d. 1905.

Lyman L. Lemnitzer Full General, U.S. Army. b. Aug. 29, 1899 in Honesdale, Pa. Graduate of U.S. Military Academy in 1920. Advanced through grades to full general in 1955. He taught at West Point from 192630, and again from 1934-35. In 194142 he was a member of the General Staff Corps (war plans division). In 1942 he was commanding general of the 34th Anti-Aircraft Brigade at Norfolk, Va. and in England; and in the same year served as assistant chief of staff to General Eisenhower at Allied Hdqs. in London, and Algiers for North African campaign. He was deputy chief of staff under Gen. Mark Clark, q.v., of the Fifth Army in 1943, and commanded the 34 A.A. Brigade in the Tunisian campaign in the same year. In 1943-44 he was deputy chief of the general staff (to General and Sir Harold Alexander, q.v.) and deputy chief of staff, Allied Force Hdqs. in 1945. In 1946-47 he was the Army member of the Joint Strategic Survey Com., Joint Chiefs of Staff; deputy commandant of National War Coll. in 1947-49; director of foreign military assistance, Dept. of Defense, 1949-50. He commanded the 11th Airborn Division in 1951; the 7th Infantry Division in Korea, 1951-52; and was deputy chief of staff for plans and research of the Army in 1953-55. Hewas commanding general of Army Forces of the Far East and 8th U.S. Army in Japan and Korea in 1955. In 1955-57 he was commander-in-chief of the Far East Command, as well as commander-in-chief of the U.N. Command, and governor of Ryukyu Island. Since 1957 he has been Army vice chief of staff. Mason and 32° AASR. He was present at the communication of the Grand Lodge of Japan in July, 1956, and both he and Mrs. Lemnitzer were active in the support of the Pusan Masonic Children's Hospital in Korea. Member of St. Paul's Lodge No. 14, Newport, R.I. and Newport Royal Arch Chapter No. 2. 32° AASR in Tokyo, Japan. Member of Nile Shrine Temple, Seattle, Wash. Chiefof-Staff, U.S. Army from July 1, 1959.

Mark Lemon (1809-1870) English founder and Editor of the famous Punch Magazine. He was a playwright, author of farces, melodramas, operas, novelettes, lyrics, songs, and several 3-volume novels. He is best known as one of the founders and first editors of Punch. Later he was sole editor (1841-70). Punch is the first "humor" magazine of international fame. Member of Globe Lodge No. 23, London, being initiated Jan. 19, 1854.

John L. Lenhart Chaplain of U.S.S. Cumberland. Drowned in Hampton Roads, March, 1863 in the encounter with the Merrimac. Lodge unknown, but he was a member of Union Chapter No. 7, R.A.M. of Newark, N.J.

C. Lenning German Freemason and Masonic author. Little is known of him except he resided in Paris in 1817. His real name was Hesse. He was the author of Encyclopadie der Freimaurerei, which Findel, q.v., calls "one of the most learned and remarkable works in Masonic literature." It was published and edited by the Leipsic bookseller, Brockhaus. Kloss, q.v., catalogues it in his bibliography

75 John B. Lennon as the work of Friedrich Mossdorf, who was employed to edit it. In three volumes, it was first published in 1822, 1824, 1828 (one volume each year).

John B. Lennon (1850-1923) Labor Union Official and Treasurer of American Federation of Labor, 1889-1917. b. Oct. 12, 1850 in Lafayette Co., Wis. He was general secretary of the Journeyman Tailors' Union of America from 1886-1910. From 1917 until his death, he was a member of the board of mediators, U.S. Dept. of Labor. He edited the publication The Tailor from 1886-1910. Lennon lectured on social problems, was a member of the commission on Industrial Relations, Washington, D.C. in 1912, and prominent in the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, as well as vice president of the Ill. Anti-Saloon League. Mason. d. Jan. 18, 1923.

Marie Alexandre Lenoir (17611839). A French archaeologist, who, in 1790, was named by the national assembly to collect the art from the churches and convents into a museum. He collected more than 500 pieces, saving them from destruction. He carefully classified them. He believed that Freemasonry descended from the ancient Egyptians, and in 1812 gave a series of eight lectures before the Metropolitan Chapter of France to support his beliefs. These were published in 1814 as Freemasonry Brought Back to Its True Origin, or the Antiquity of Freemasonry Proven by an Explanation of the Mysteries. In 1809 he published in three volumes, New Explanation of the Mystical Characters, or Ancient Allegories Revered by the Egyptians. d. June 12, 1839.

William Lenoir (1751-1839) Captain in American Revolution, and Major General of militia following the war. b. April 20, 1751 in Brunswick Co., Va. His family moved to Tarborough, N.C. when he was eight. He settled near Wilkesboro. He foughtin the Indian campaigns in 1776, and in the Revolution was wounded at the Battle of King's Mountain. He was a member of the state assembly, and from 1781-95 was a state senator, being president of the same for five years. He took an active part in the Hillsborough convention for the adoption of the constitution of the U.S. At the organization of the U. of North Carolina in 1790, he was chosen president of the board, and for the last 18 years of his life was a militia major general. A town and a county in N.C. are named in his honor. He was initiated, passed and raised in grand lodge, Dec. 30, 1793, and in 1804 was master of Liberty Lodge No. 45 of Wilkesboro, N.C. d. May 6, 1839.

Pope Leo XII (1760-1829) Issued the Bull against Freemasons on March 13, 1825, known as Quo graviora ma/a. Real name was Annibale Francesco del'la Genga. He held various high church offices during the Napoleonic era (1793-1823). Was made cardinal in 1816, and pope from 182329.

Pope Leo XIII (1810-1903) Wrote encyclicals against Freemasonry. Real name was Gioacchino Vincenzo Pecci. He was made cardinal in 1853, and was pope from 1878-1903.

Adna W. Leonard (1874-1943) Methodist Bishop. b. Nov. 2, 1874 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Graduate of New York U., Drew Theological Sem., American School of Archaeology at Rome, and Ohio Northern U. Ordained to Methodist Episcopal ministry in 1899. He held pastorates in Green Village, N.J., San Juan, P.R., Rome, Italy, Piqua, Ohio, Springfield, Ohio, and Cincinnati, Ohio. Elected bishop in May, 1916. He was president of the general board of education of the church and chairman of board of trustees of American U. He was killed May 3, 1943 in an airplane accident in Iceland while on tour of Army camps. A member of Bethlehem Lodge No.

Robert Z. Leonard Actor, motion picture producer, and director. b. Oct. 7, 1889 in Chicago, Ill. Educated in Colo. and moved to Calif. in 1907, where he joined the Calif. Opera Co. and played in musical and dramatic stock companies until 1910, when he became leading man in motion pictures for Seelig. He has been a motion picture director and producer for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studio since 1924. Mason.

Leopold I (1790-1865) First King of independent Belgium (1831-65). Fourth son of Francis Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield, his original name was Georges Chretien Frederic. He was an uncle of Queen Victoria of England. He served under Alexander I, q.v., in the Russian Army from 1805-14, and fought at Lutzen, Bautzen, and Leipzig. In 1830 he refused the throne of Greece, but accepted the Belgian throne the following year on its separation from Holland. Although himself a Protestant, he was an upholder of the Catholic church in Belgium, because he thought it best that the people should maintain the religion in which they were born. He was initiated in the Lodge of Esperance at Berne, Switzerland in 1813, when 23. About the time of his marriage to Princess Charlotte of England in 1816, or shortly thereafter, he joined an English lodge and "took an active part in all its proceedings." He lived in England from 1817-30. When he became King of Belgium, he took the Craft under his official protection. When a widower, on all his visits to Germany, he took part in Masonry. As king, however, he was unable to attend the lodges, but frequently inquired into their workings and always expressed his pleasure at their prosperity. At his death the Grand Orient of Belgiumadopted this resolution: "Masonry has just suffered a cruel loss in the death of one of the most illustrious members, who, called to the throne by the free and enlightened suffrages of the Belgian people, never abnegated his title of Mason, but on the contrary, extended to us his powerful protection. We have lost an eminent brother, who, faithful to his oath has during a reign of five and 30 years, practiced with love and sincerity those grand principles of humanity which constitute the basis of our Order, thus acquiring the esteem and friendship of his brethren, the veneration of the Belgian people, and the respect and admiration of his contemporaries. Leopold, King of the Belgians, who had acquired the grade of Chev. K.D., 30°, died with the calm and serenity of a just man, and with the stoicism of a true Mason. . . . Our noble brother has left us a noble example to follow.”

Leopold II (1747-1792) Holy Roman Emperor, 1790-92, who prohibited Masonic meetings when he ascended the throne. His father, Francis I, q.v., was a Freemason. His mother was Maria Theresa. He was a brother of Joseph II, q.v., whom he succeeded on the throne. From 1765-90 he was grand duke of Tuscany as Leopold I. His successor, Francis II, q.v., the last Holy Roman Emperor, went even farther in suppressing Freemasonry.

Henry A. Lepper Chief chemist of Food and Drug Administration since 1946. b. March 27, 1889 in Washington, D.C. Was graduated from George Washington U. in 1914. He was a chemist with the U.S. Bureau of Chemistry (now Food and Drug Adm.) from 1913. Member of Silver Spring Lodge No. 215, Silver Spring, Md., receiving degrees, March 4, April 8, and May 13, 1946. 32° AASR (SJ) in Washington, D.C. and member of Almas Shrine Temple.

77 Archer L. Lerch graduate of Trinity Coll., Dublin, Ireland, he was a barrister and literary editor of Cassells', a well known London publishing firm. In WWI he served as assistant secretary of the Admiralty. He was initiated in Acacia Lodge No. 7, Belfast, Ireland, and was its master in 1913. He had the rare distinction of being a founding member of a lodge named for him—the John Heron Lepper Temperance Lodge No. 346 of Carrickfergus, Ireland. In the Grand Lodge of England, he was past grand deacon, and in 1943 appointed as its librarian and curator. The library and museum, to which he gave magnificent service, in spite of physical infirmity, was honored by a visit from H.M. Queen Elizabeth, q.v., the Queen Mother, in the .last year of his life. He was master of Quatuor Coronati Lodge in 1924, and at the time of his death was treasurer and oldest member. Of his many Masonic publications, the best known are The Poor Common Soldier, The Traditioners and History of the Grand Lodge of Ireland, 1725-1813. d. Dec. 26, 1952.

Archer L. Lerch (1894-1947) Major General, U.S. Army, and Provost Marshal General. Military governor of Korea in 1946. b. Jan. 12, 1894 in Sumner, Nebr. Graduate of U. of California in 1917. Commissioned in 1917, he advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1942, and major general in 1944. With A.E.F. in WWI. Following war, he taught military tactics in U.S. From 1931-35 he was in Hawaii as legal advisor, assistant judge advocate, and with NRA and PWA. From 1939-40 he was executive officer of judge advocate general's dept. in Washington, and deputy provost marshal general, 1941-42. He was provost marshal general in 1944. Mason. d. Sept. 11, 1947.

Andre J. E. Lerouge (1766-1835) French Masonic writer. b. April 25, 1766 at Commercy, France. At onetime he was editor of the French Masonic journal Hermes (1819) and wrote Blends of Philosophy in the History of Masonic Literature. His large and valuable collection of manuscripts and degrees was sold at auction after his death on Jan. 7, 1835.

Frank Leslie (1821-1880) (Original name Henry Carter) Engraver and publisher. b. March 29, 1821 in Ipswich, England, the son of a glove manufacturer. While in school he developed a taste for art and became an exceptional engraver. He began sending sketches to the newly established Illustrated London News and signed them "Frank Leslie" so his father would not recognize them. He was taken into the paper and became superintendent of the engraving department before he was of age. Coming to the U.S. in 1848, he had his name legally changed to "Frank Leslie" in 1857. He was on the staff of Gleason's Pictorial and Illustrated News in 1852-53 and started Frank Leslie's Ladies' Gazette of Paris, London and New York Fashions in 1854. In 1855 he made a great success with Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. Through extravagance and financial depression he became bankrupt at close of his life. His wife, Miriam, took over the management at his death, and in 1882 had her name legally changed to "Frank Leslie" and achieved remarkable success as a writer. He was a member of Benevolent Lodge No. 28, N.Y.C. and later of Holland Lodge No. 8. d. Jan. 10, 1880.

Harry G. Leslie (1878-1937) Governor of Indiana, 1929-33. b. April 6, 1878 at Lafayette, Ind. Graduate of Purdue U. in 1905, and Indiana Law School in 1907. Practiced law until 1912; was treasurer of Tippecanoe Co., Ind. from 1913-17, and a farmer from 1918-24. He was a member of the state legislature 1923-27, and speaker of the house the last three years. He was president of Standard

78 M. LeTellier Life Insurance of Indiana. Initiated March 18, 1905 in Lafayette Lodge No. 123, Lafayette, Ind.; he was a 33° AASR (N.J.) d. Dec. 10, 1937.

Gotthold E. Lessing (1729-1781) German dramatist and critic. b. Jan. 22, 1729 at Kaumitz, Germany. He founded the critical journal Briefe, die Neueste Literatur Betreff end, with two others, in 1759, and it ran until 1767 (24 volumes). He was dramatist to the German National Theater at Hamburg in 1767, and librarian of the ducal library, Wolfenbuttel, from 1770. His works include the comedies Der Junge Gelehrie; Der Freigeist; Die Juden, and the classic German drama, Minna von Barnhelm. In 1755 he wrote Miss Sara. Sampson, the first German tragedy of middle-class life, followed by the tragedies Philotas and Emilia Galotti. Two of his writings are Masonic in nature; Nathan the Wise is a dramatic poem on toleration of religion, preaching universal brotherhood. It was put on the stage by Schiller and Goethe, q.v. His Ernst and Falk is a defense of Freemasonry in the form of a dialogue. He was initiated in the lodge Zu den drei Golderten Rosen at Hamburg, Germany, about 1771, and took a great interest in Freemasonry. His theory that it sprang from a secret association of Templars in London, however, has long been rejected. d. Feb. 15, 1781.

Charles Edwards Lester (1815-1890) American author. b. July 15, 1815 in Griswold, Conn. He studied law and was admitted to the bar, but studied at a theological seminary and began to preach. He had to abandon the pulpit due to frequent hemorrhages from the lungs, and went abroad for his health. He was appointed U.S. consul at Genoa, Italy, where he remained six years. His many books include The Glory and the Shame of England; Condition and Fate of England; Our First Hundred Years; America's Advancement; The Artist, Merchant and Statesman; The Mexican Republic; and others. Member of St. John's Lodge No. 1, New York City. Suspended NPD May 11, 1871. d. Jan. 29, 1890.

William Lester (1889-1956) Musician and composer. b. Sept. 17, 1889 in Leicester, England, coming to U.S. in 1902, and becoming naturalized in 1916. Has been organist of several Chicago churches, and of the First Congregational Church since 1921. Has directed many ensembles and choruses, and is a teacher of voice, piano, organ, and theory of music, at De Paul U. Has written many organ and piano works, songs, anthems, and orchestral compositions including the operas Everyman and Manabozo; the operetta Seawana; the oratorio The Go/don Syon; the cantata The Tale of the Bell; and the dramatic cantata, Sacajawea. Member of Olympia Lodge No. 864, Chicago, Ill. Dimitted Jan. 9, 1951. d. Dec. 4, 1956.

Robert P. Letcher (1788-1861) Governor of Kentucky, 1840-44. b. Feb. 10, 1788 in Goochland Co., Va. Began law practice in Lancaster Co., Ky., where he was frequently a member of the legislature, and at one time, speaker of the house. In 1822 he was elected to U.S. congress, serving one term. From 1849-52 he was U.S. minister to Mexico. Member of Hiram Lodge No. 4, Frankfort, Ky. d. Jan. 24, 1861.

M. LeTellier Founder of Hawaii's first lodge—LeProgres de l'Oceanie at Honolulu in 1843. He was a French ship captain. He sailed into the Honolulu harbor on the barque Ajax out of LeHavre, France on March 30, 1843. In his sea chest were documents that commissioned him to "set up Lodges in the Pacific Ocean and elsewhere in his voyages; to issue warrants, to call upon the Supreme Council for charters; to make Masons at sight; to forever be given the grand honors upon his appearance in any

79 Leucht Lodge of his creation." He was styled "The Grand Deputy of France." He spoke only French, and always was interpreted. He found a conglomeration of men in Honolulu from America, England, I r eland, Scotland, France, Germany, Italy, and South and Central America, and many Masons among them. Calling some of them together aboard the Ajax in Honolulu harbor on April 8, 1843, he organized the lodge Le Progress.

Nicolas Levalle (1840-1902) Argentinian Minister of War and Navy. In this capacity, he crushed many revolutionary attempts.

Count Levasseur He accompanied Lafayette to America on his trip in 1824-25, and received the orders of knighthood in Columbian Commandery No. 1, K.T., New York City in 1825.

Oscar W. Lever President of Kentucky Wesleyan College (Owensboro) since 1951. b. Oct. 26, 1903 in Columbia, S.C. Graduate of Wofford Coll., U. of South Carolina, and Duke U. He taught high school in S.C. from 1925-36, when he was ordained to the ministry of the Methodist church. He served churches in Columbia and Saluda, S.C. until 1942, when he joined the staff of Wofford Coll. (Spartanburg), as assistant president. In 1949 he became dean of administration of Columbia Coll. (S.C.). Member of Campbell Lodge No. 44, Clinton, S.C.

William Hesketh Lever, 1st Viscount of Leverhulme (1851-1925) English soap manufacturer who waschairman of Lever Brothers, Ltd., the famous soap company, and founder of Port Sunlight, a model industrial town. He was also the originator of a profit-sharing plan for the benefit of his employees. He was a member of parliament from 1906-10, and high sheriff of Lancashire in 1917. He was created viscount in 1922. He was the first initiate of William Hesketh Lever Lodge No. 2916 at Port Sunlight, England, which was founded in his honor and consecrated June 4, 1902. He was initiated the following July 8th. In 1929 he was appointed senior grand warden of the Grand Mark Lodge of England.

Richard Leveridge (1670?-1758) English musician and composer who composed The Roast Beef of Old England, Black Eyed Susan, All in the Downs, and other songs. He was a bass singer in London theaters and a member of the lodge, meeting at Bear and Harrow Tavern, in Butcher Row by Temple Bar about 1731.

Louis E. Leverone (1880-1957) President of Nationwide Food Service, Inc. from 1945-57. b. April 29, 1880 at Wakefield, Mass. Brother of Nathaniel Leverone, q.v. In sales field with Western Electric and leather companies from 1904-12. With Stein, Hirsh & Co., Chicago, 1912-20, and vice-president and general manager of Stein-Hall Mfg. Co., 1920-42. From 1929-35 he was chairman of board of Automatic Canteen Co. of America, and a partner of Canteen Co. since 1939. From 1942-45 he was general manager of Canteen Food Service. He is also the owner of Leverone Nursery, Half-Day, Ill. Active in aeronautical associations and safety groups and vocational guidance organizations. Initiated in Ravenswood Lodge No. 777, Chicago, Ill. in 1909; exalted in Columbia Chapter No. 202 in 1910; greeted in Adoniram Council No. 95 in 1912; and knighted in Apollo Commandery No. 1 in 1911. Joined

80 Robert Lewers Medinah Shrine Temple in 1911—all of Chicago. d. March 15, 1957.

Nathaniel Leverone Founder of Automatic Canteen Co. of America in 1929; president, 1929-39, and now chairman of board. b. June 26, 1884 at Wakefield, Mass. Graduate of Dartmouth Coll. in 1906. Brother of L. E. Leverone, q.v. He was Western manager of Bates Number Machine Co. 1908-12, and from 1912-22 secretary and general manager of Hill Pump Valve Co. He formed his own real estate investment company in 1922, and was in that field until 1929. He is also chairman of the board of Canteen Food Service, as well as Nationwide Food Service. Director of several banks and publishing companies. He has served as president of the National Committee for Christian Leadership since 1944, and chairman of the sponsoring committee of American Bible Society since 1945. Active in civic organizations. Initiated in Ravenswood Lodge No. 777 in 1910; exalted in Columbia Chapter No. 202, R.A.M. in 1911; greeted in Adoniram Council No. 95 R. & S.M. in 1913 and knighted in Apollo Commandery No. 1 in 1912; initiated in Medinah Shrine Temple in 1912—all of Chicago, Ill.

Eliphas Levi (1810-1875) The pseudonym of Louis Alphonse Constance. He was a prolific writer on the associations of Masonic symbols and transcendental magic. His principal works include: History of Magic; Doctrine of Transcendental Magic; Ritual of Transcendental Magic; Key of the Grand Mysteries; Fables and Symbols and others. Trained for the Roman Catholic priesthood, he achieved the title of "abbe," but his independent views made him unacceptable to the church. He later married and divorced. Was imprisoned for six months for a political pamphlet in 1839.

Charles A. Levine Pioneer aviator, who on June 4-6, 1927 made a flightfrom New York to Germany with Clarence D. Chamberlain. Member of Fortitude Lodge No. 19, Brooklyn, N.Y., receiving degrees on May 17, June 7 and June 21, 1923. Became unaffiliated Nov. 17, 1932.

Moses C. Levy (1749?-1839) One of the founders of the Mother Supreme Council Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite at Charleston, S.C. b. in Cracow, Poland. His uncle had been physician to the king of Poland. He went to England, where he lived for a time in London, before coming to Charleston. He was treasurer, and later president of the congregation Bayh Elohim in Charleston, to which he was a liberal contributor of time and funds. Albert Pike pronounced him "one of the most illustrious of Hebrews, a man of great learning and equally great virtues." He became a member of the Supreme Council on May 9, 1802.

Uriah P. Levy (1795?-1862) U.S. Naval officer who was flag officer of the Mediterranean squadron in 185860. b. in Pa. about 1795. He entered the U.S. Navy in 1812, and was an officer aboard the brig Argus which escaped the blockade and took out William H. Crawford as minister to France. In the English channel it destroyed 21 vessels. When the ship was captured, he was made prisoner for two years. Became lieutenant in 1817, commander in 1837, and captain in 1844. He was active in the movement to abolish flogging in the Navy. He became the owner of Monticello, home of Thomas Jefferson, of whom he was an ardent admirer. He willed the property to the U.S. government, but his will was contested successfully, and it remained in private hands. He was initiated Nov. 19, 1812 in Columbia Lodge No. 91, Philadelphia, Pa. d. March 22, 1862.

Robert Lewers (1862-1922) President of University of Nevada, 191214. b. June 19, 1862 in Franktown,

81 Sir Watkins Lewes Nev. He taught in the public schools from 1881-89, and was with the U. of Nevada from 1890 as registrar. Was vice-president from 1909. He served as grand master of the Grand Lodge of Nevada; grand high priest of the Grand Chapter of Nevada; and grand commander of the Grand Commandery of Nevada. Was 33° AASR (SJ) and past potentate of the Shrine. Raised in Valley Lodge No. 9, Dayton, Nevada in 1885, dimitting to Reno Lodge No. 13, Reno on March 14, 1891 and serving as master 1894-95, 1899-1900. d. Jan. 12, 1922.

Sir Watkins Lewes Lord Mayor of London, 1780-81. He was initiated in the Lodge of Emulation in 1761.

Alma D. Lewis Labor union executive. b. Jan. 23, 1889 in Colfax, Iowa. In early life he worked in coal mines, and from 1924-30 was director of mines and minerals, State of Illinois. From 1930-34 he was assistant director general of U.S. Employment Service. From 1934-39 he was assistant to president of United Mine Workers of America. He has been director of United Construction Workers (affiliated with UMW) since 1939. Served overseas in WWI with Corps of Engineers. Member of Central Lodge No. 71, Springfield, Ill.; Hillsboro Chapter No. 197, R.A.M., Hillsboro, Ill.; St. Omer Commandery No. 30, Litchfield, Ill.; and Ansar Shrine Temple, Springfield, Ill.

David P. Lewis Former Governor of Alabama. Past master of Moulton Lodge No. 6, Moulton, Ala.

Earl R. Lewis (1887-1955) U.S. Congressman to 76th and 78th through 80th Congresses from 18th Ohio dist. b. Feb. 22, 1887 in Lamira, Ohio. Graduate of Muskingum Coll. and Western Reserve U. Admitted to the bar in 1914, practicing at St. Clairsvine. Mason and Shriner. d. Feb. 2, 1955.

Edward S. Lewis (1855-1934) University president. b. Aug. 24, 1855 in Natick, Mass. Graduate of Boston U. Professor of physics at Cincinnati Wesleyan Coll. 1881-82. President of Little Rock U. (Ark.), 1882-86, and president of Chattanooga U., 1886-90. Ordained to Methodist ministry in 1884, and served as pastor in Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Columbus, Ohio. He was associate editor of the Sunday school publications of the church from 1908-23, and in charge of same in 1929-30. Mason, Knight Templar and 32° AASR. d. Oct. 14, 1934.

Ernest W. Lewis (1875-1927) Justice, Supreme Court of Arizona, 190912. b. Dec. 27, 1875 at Indiana, Pa. Admitted to the bar in 1900, and practiced at Phoenix. Member of Arizona Lodge No. 2 at Phoenix, Ariz., receiving degrees on Aug. 13, 20 and 27, 1907. d. April 3, 1927.

Fielding Lewis (1726-1781) American Revolutionary patriot who married George Washington's sister, Elizabeth. b. in 1726 in Spottsylvania Co., Va. He was the proprietor of half the town of Fredericksburg, Va., of which he was first mayor. During the Revolution he was an ardent patriot, and manufactured guns. He built the mansion "Kenmore House" for his wife. Mary, the mother of Washington, died and was buried there. His son, Lawrence, married Eleanor Parke Custis, daughter of John Parke Custis, the son of Martha Washington. He was a member of Fredericksburg Lodge No. 4, Va., and attended the Grand Lodge of Virginia in Oct., 1778. d. Dec., 1781.

Francis Lewis (1713-1803) Signer of the Declaration of Independence. Often referred to as a Freemason, but no definite proof. His son, Morgan Lewis, q.v., became grand master of the Grand Lodge of New York.

1931-39. b. In Danville, Va. May 18, 1863. Graduate of Ohio Northern U. and Baylor U. Admitted to Washington bar, serving in state senate and U.S. congressman at large from Wash. He moved to Chicago, Ill. in 1903. He was the last U.S. senator in the country to be elected by a state legislature. He was elected first "whip" of the Senate in the history of that body. Contender for vice presidential nomination in both 1900 and 1920. Declined ambassadorship to Belgium. Served in Spanish-American War and Philippine Insurrection. In WWI he was special representative of the War Dept. and the president, to General Pershing. He served as commissioner on joint commission in London, settling Canadian-Alaskan boundary, and also in U.S.-Canadian customs regulations. Member of Apollo Lodge No. 642, Chicago; grand orator of Grand Lodge of Illinois in 1913; Knight Templar and Shriner. d. April 9, 1939.

Lawrence Lewis (1879-1943) U.S. Congressman to 73rd through 78th Congresses (1933-45) from 1st Colo. dist. b. June 22, 1879 in St. Louis, Mo. Graduate of Harvard in 1901. He practiced law at Denver from 1909. Received his degrees in South Pueblo Lodge No. 31, Pueblo, Colo. on Jan. 27, Feb. 4, and March 16, 1904. Affiliated with Union Lodge No. 7, Denver, on Nov. 23, 1918. d. Dec. 9, 1943.

Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809) American explorer and governor of Louisiana Territory, 1807-09. b. Aug. 18, 1774 near Charlottesville, Va. He served with the troops in the "Whiskey Insurrection" in 1794, and entered the regular service the following year, becoming a captain in 1800. In 180003 he was private secretary to President Jefferson, who, in the latter year, named him to command the expedition to explore the newly acquired Louisiana purchase. He set out in the summer of 1803 from St. Louis, accompanied by his associate, Capt. Wil- Liam Clark, q.v. They reached the mouth of the Columbia on Nov. 15, 1805, going by way of the Missouri to its source, crossing the Great Divide, and then descending the Kooskoosky and Columbia. The distance was more than 4,000 miles. They wintered on the Columbia, and then retraced their steps and reached St. Louis in Sept., 1806. Congress made grants of land to all the men on the expedition. Lewis was made governor of the Louisiana Territory, which at that time included all the land of the purchase except the present state of Louisiana. Lewis petitioned Door to Virtue Lodge No. 44, Albemarle Co., Va. on Dec. 31, 1796, was initiated, Jan. 28, 1797, and the following evening received the other two degrees. On April 2, 1792 he received the degree of Past Master in this lodge. He received the Royal Arch Degree in Staunton Lodge No. 13, and although the exact date is not known, there is a diploma in the Library of Congress dated Oct. 31, 1799. The Door to Virtue Lodge went out of existence in 1801, and most members transferred to Widow's Son Lodge No. 60, which first met at Milton, and later in Charlottesville. It is thought that Lewis was one of those who transferred. It is certain, however, that he was a member of Staunton Lodge No. 13, Staunton, Va., as it was here that he received the Royal Arch Degree, and the original proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Virginia show that he withdrew from this lodge about 1800. The next Masonic reference is the application for a dispensation dated Aug. 2, 1808 and addressed to the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, from a number of brethren residing in St. Louis. The signature of Meriwether Lewis heads the application and he is recommended as a "past master to be the first master." St. Louis Lodge No. 111 was constituted by Judge Otho Shrader, q.v., of St. Genevieve, Mo. on Nov 8, 1808, with Governor Lewis being in-

83 Morgan Lewis stalled as master of this first St. Louis lodge. Shortly after Lewis had concluded his year as master, he left for Washington, D.C. While staying at a hostel on the Natchez trace, near the present city of Hoenwald, Tenn., he died of gunshot wounds. It is not known whether he had been robbed and killed or had committed suicide. He had long been subject to attacks of depression and hypochondria. d. Oct. 8, 1809.

Morgan Lewis (1754-1844) Colonel in American Revolution; Major General in War of 1812; Governor of New York; Grand Master of Grand Lodge of New York. b. Oct. 16, 1754 in New York City, the second son of Francis Lewis, q.v., signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was graduated from Princeton in 1773, and studied law. In 1774 he joined the army at Boston as a volunteer, was elected captain of a New York militia regiment, and was commissioned major when it was taken into the Continental service as the 2nd New York regiment. In 1776 he was an aide to General Horatio Gates, q.v., with rank of colonel, and quartermaster-general of the northern army. In 1778 he commanded at the Battle of Stone Arabia and at Crown Point. After the war he was prominent in N.Y. politics, becoming judge of court of common pleas, and in 1791 attorney-general of the state. In 1792 he was chief justice of the state supreme court, and governor of N.Y., 1804-07. He declined the post of secretary of War in 1812, but accepted appointment as quartermaster-general of the armies of the U.S. In 1813 he was promoted to the rank of major general. He served on the Niagara frontier, captured Fort George and commanded at Sackett's Harbor and French Creek. He was chief marshal at the inauguration ceremonies for George Washington, and in his 79th year delivered an oration at the centennial of Washington's birth. He married Gertrude, daughterof Robert R. Livingston, q.v. He was initiated in Union Lodge No. 3 (now Mt. Vernon) of Albany, N.Y. in 1776, and the following year admitted to Masters' Lodge No. 2 of the same city. In 1781 he was senior warden of Masters' Lodge. In 1789 he affiliated with Holland Lodge No. 8, N.Y.C., and on June 23, 1842, in his 87th year, affiliated with St. Johns Lodge No. 1, N.Y.C. He was unanimously elected grand master of the Grand Lodge of New York on June 3, 1830, in which office he continued until his death on April 7, 1844.

Seth Lewis (1764-1848) First Chief Justice of Mississippi Territory in 1800. b. in Mass. He was also the first master of a lodge in Mississippi—Harmony Lodge No. 33 (now No. 1) of Natchez. d. near Alexandria, La. in 1848.

Frederick J. Libby Executive Secretary of National Council for Prevention of War since 1921. b. Nov. 24, 1874 in Richmond, Me. Graduate of Bowdoin in 1894, and studied in Berlin, Heidelberg, Marburg, and Oxford. From 1905-11 he was pastor of Union Congregational Church at Magnolia, Mass. In 1911-12 he traveled in China and Australia; taught in Phillips Exeter Acad. in 1912-20, and worked with Society of Friends in 1918-19, in reconstruction and relief work, in France. Member of Richmond Lodge No. 63, Richmond, Maine.

Lord Bishop of Lichfield (18781953) Dr. Edward Sydney Woods, English prelate who was high almoner to King George VI, q.v., and also H.R.H. Queen Elizabeth, q.v. Of Quaker stock, he was born in Hereford, the great-grandson of Elizabeth Fry, the great Quaker preacher who devoted her life to prison reform. He was initiated April 26, 1928 in Waddon Lodge No. 4162 of Surrey, and later joined Croydon Chantry Lodge No. 5063. d. Jan. 11, 1953.

84 Gordon W. Lillie Mcllyar H. Lichliter Editor of Scottish Rite News Letter of Northern Jurisdiction. b. Aug. 23, 1877 in Butler, Pa. Graduate of DePauw U. and Ohio Wesleyan U. He was ordained in the Methodist Episcopal ministry in 1900, and was a pastor for 42 years until his retirement in 1942. He served churches in Pitcairn, Pa., Olean, N.Y., St. Louis, Mo., and Cleveland, Ohio. He entered the Congregational Church in 1919, and was pastor at Newton, Mass., and Columbus, Ohio. He is now engaged in ritualistic research for the Scottish Rite (NJ) and is grand prior of the Supreme Council, 33° AASR, and active member-at-large. He was initiated in Olean Lodge No. 252, Olean, N.Y., and 32° in Buffalo, N.Y.

Alexander Lichtentag (1868-1938) Inventor of Paragon shorthand system. b. March 13, 1868 in New Orleans, La. Graduate of Royal U. of Berlin, Germany. His shorthand system is in use in many parts of the world. He was also the originator of "Word Hunt," an educational game that was syndicated in newspapers of the U.S. and other countries. Mason. d. Jan. 14, 1938.

Franklin H. Lichtenwalter U.S. Congressman to 80th and 81st Congresses (1947-51) from 8th Pa. dist. b. March 28, 1910 in Palmerton, Pa. Member of the Pa. legislature from 1938-47, serving as majority leader and speaker. A director of Goschenhoppen Mutual Fire Ins. Co. since 1942. Member of National Conference on Child Welfare and Youth. Member of Saucon Lodge No. 469, Coopers-burg, Pa., receiving degrees on April 8, Sept. 9, and Oct 21, 1941.

Henry Lieferant Editor-in-chief of True Story magazine. b. Jan. 30, 1892 in Poland. Educated in that country, coming to U.S. in 1910, and naturalized in 1918. Was first associated with a fashion magazine, and then in freelance short story writing until 1927.

With Macfadden Publications, N.Y.C. from 1927-46. Served in WWI as a corporal. Co-author of: Doctors' Wives; Grass on the Mountain; Charity Patient; United They Stand; Teacher's Husband; and others. Mason.

Gustav 0. Lienhard President and director of Chicopee Mills, Inc. (Mass.) and Chicopee Mfg. Corp. of Mass. and N.H. b. Oct. 22, 1905 in N.Y.C. Has been a certified public accountant since 1932. Director of Johnson and Johnson. Mason.

Jacob Lienhard Brigadier General, U.S. Marine Corps. b. Sept. 5, 1889 in Sheboygan Co., Wis. He enlisted in the Marine Corps in 1909, advanced to warrant officer in 1918, and commissioned same year, retiring as brigadier general in 1946. Member of Joseph Robbins Lodge No. 930, Peoria, Ill., 32° AASR (NJ) and Mohammed Shrine Temple, both of Peoria.

Gordon W. Lillie (1860-1942) (Known as "Pawnee Bill") Ranch-man, partner of Buffalo Bill, q.v., and showman. b. Feb. 14, 1860 in Bloomington, Ill. He began career as a hunter and trapper in 1878, and was interpreter for Pawnee Indian tribe. He became a rancher near Medicine Lodge, Kans. He joined the Buffalo Bill Wild West Show in 1883 as interpreter and manager of the Pawnee Indians with the show. He was a professional showman for many years in the U.S. and Europe. From 190813 he was a partner of Buffalo Bill. From 1909 he was owner of Pawnee Bill's Buffalo Ranch, Oldtown, and Indian Trading Post. He was active in work among the Pawnee Indians and in perpetuation of the buffalo. He was the author of Thirty Years Among the Pawnee Indians (1928), and coauthor of several others including Oklahoma; Blazing Horizon; and

85 Adelino de Figueiredo Lima Pawnee Bill, the Romance of Oklahoma. Mason, he received the 32° AASR (SJ) at Guthrie, Okla. on Jan. 24, 1901. A Shriner, he was honorary member of temples at Philadelphia, Little Rock, and Oklahoma City. d. Feb. 3, 1942.

Adelino de Figueiredo Lima Brazilian Masonic writer and author of the best-seller Nos Bastidores do Misterm. His Os Templerios and Livre Proibido are widely read by Brazilian Masons. He was president of the Masonic Academy of Higher Studies in Rio de Janeiro and founder of the magazine Actualidades Maconicas. Born in Portugal, he lived for a time in Asia, Africa, Oceania and finally in Brazil. He exercises much influence in the Grand Lodge of Brazil and is secretary of its foreign relations committee.

Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) Sixteenth President of the United States. Not a Mason, but there are several interesting Masonic references to him. On April 17, 1865, Tyrian Lodge No. 333 of Springfield, Ill. adopted the following resolution: "T h e first thought of a Mason should be, as his duty is, to trust in God.. . . Resolved, that the decision of President Lincoln to postpone his application for the honors of Masonry, lest his motives should be misconstrued, is in the highest degree honorable to his memory." In 1842 he was invited by a lodge to deliver the funeral oration of his good friend, Bowling Greene, but broke down in the middle of it and could not continue. In Oct. of 1860 Robert Morris, q.v., of Kentucky, called on Lincoln in Springfield, Ill., and in the course of conversation Morris referred to the fact that all Lincoln's opponents for president were Freemasons. Lincoln replied, "I am not a Freemason, Dr. Morris, though I have a great respect for the institution." At the time of his death many lodges and individual Masons wereof the opinion that he was a member of the Craft. Friendship Lodge No. 84 of Hagerstown, Md. even held a lodge of sorrow on April 19, 1865, believing he was a Mason. Watertown Lodge No. 49, Watertown, N.Y. passed this resolution on April 19, 1865; "Resolved that Watertown Lodge No. 49 join in the funeral procession in honor of our late Brother, Abraham, President of the U.S." In 1865 a French Masonic magazine (Monde Maconnique) referred to him as a "member of the Grand Lodge of New York." Washington Commandery No. 1, K.T., Washington, D.C. did act as an escort at his funeral.

Benjamin Lincoln (1733-1810) Major General in American Revolution, and Secretary of War, 1781-84. b. Jan. 24, 1733 in Hingham, Mass. He was a farmer until 1773. He was a member of the provincial congresses of Mass., serving as secretary. Active in organizing and training the Continental troops, he was appointed major general of militia in 1776. In June of that year he commanded the expedition that cleared Boston harbor of British vessels. He fought at the battles of Long Island, White Plains, and Fort Independence. He was commissioned major general in the regulars in 1777, on the recommendation of Washington. With generals Schuyler and Arnold, q.v., he operated against Burgoyne. He was with Gates, q.v., at Stillwater and commanded the right wing. He was severely wounded at the Battle of Bemis's Heights. In Sept., 1778 he was given command of the southern department and was eventually captured with his army at Charleston. Exchanged, he immediately joined Washington on the Hudson River, participated in the siege of Yorktown and was appointed by Washington to receive Cornwallis' sword of surrender. After the establishment of the Federal government, Washington named him collector of the port of Boston, a position which

86 Charles A. Lindbergh he held until about two years before his death. He was a member of the Mass. convention that ratified the U.S. Constitution, and was president of the Mass. Society of the Cincinnati from its organization until his death. He was much esteemed by General Washington. He received his degrees without fees ("complimented with the degrees this evening") in St. Andrew's Lodge of Boston on Dec. 25, 1780, and two days later was present at the St. John the Evangelist day meeting of the Grand Lodge of Mass. On June 24, 1785 there was a "Benjamin Lincoln" recorded as being present at the Grand Lodge of Mass. as a member of Rising Sun Lodge. d. May 9, 1810.

Irving A. Lindberg Ambassador and financial adviser. b. Feb. 14, 1887 in Cherokee, Ill. Graduate of U. of Illinois in 1910. He was in railway and newspaper work until 1907, when he became an economist on President Taft's Efficiency Commission. In 1912 he was assigned to reorganize the accounting system of Nicaragua. He became a colonel in the Nicaragua Secret Service, collector of customs, and in 1928, high commissioner of Republic of Nicaragua. From 1931-37 he was on financial missions to Europe with rank of special ambassador. From 1931-37 he was Nicaraguan minister (E.E. & M.P.) to Germany, Italy and Sweden. He represented Nicaragua at the coronation in London, and was appointed consul general of Norway to Nicaragua in 1938. He accompanied the Nicaraguan President Somoza on U.S. visit in 1939, and in 1946, was made brigadier general in Nicaraguan Army for life. Mason, 32° AASR and Shriner.

Charles A. Lindbergh American pioneer aviator. b. Feb. 4, 1902 at Detroit, Mich. Left. U. of Wisconsin in 1920 to enroll in flying school at Lincoln, Nebr. He enrolled as a flying cadet in U.S. Air Service at Brooks Field, Texas in 1924, and later advanced to colonel in the reserve. He made first flight as an air mail pilot from Chicago to St. Louis on April 15, 1926. In Feb. 1927 he went to San Diego to order and supervise construction of his famous plane, The Spirit of St. Louis. He took off from San Diego on May 10, 1927, and landed at Curtiss Field, L.I., N.Y. May 12th (with stopover at St. Louis) with flight time of 21 hours and 20 minutes, a record coast to coast flight. He took off alone on May 20, 1927, on a non-stop trans-Atlantic flight from Roosevelt Field, N.Y., via Newfoundland, Ireland, and England, and landed at Paris, France the next day, covering an estimated distance of 3,600 miles in 331/2 hours. He was given official reception by the French government, and later at Brussels and London. He was officially welcomed by President Coolidge on return and made air tour of 75 American cities to promote aeronautics under auspices of Guggenheim Foundation. On invitation from president of Mexico, he made a non-stop flight from Washington, D.C. to Mexico City, a distance of 2,100 miles in 27 hours and 10 minutes. He later visited Central America and the West Indies. At this time he was probably the best known person in the world. He made a survey of the U.S. plane production for the Army in 1939. In 1941 he toured the U.S. making radio speeches, urging the U.S. to keep out of war. He was bitterly attacked for this by American internationalists, and even branded as a traitor. Once at war, he gave valuable service to our Air Force as a technical adviser, and even flew combat missions in the Pacific as a civilian. He was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor, the Pulitzer Prize, and many other honors. Lindbergh received his degrees in Keystone Lodge No. 243, St. Louis, Mo., June 9, Oct. 20, and Dec. 15, 1926, and is a life member of that lodge. He is also a

87 Ernest H. Lindley member of St. Louis Chapter No. 33, National Sojourners, and of the Sciots at San Diego, Calif. On his history-making flight from New York to Paris, he wore the square and compasses on his jacket as a luck charm. The plane also bore a Masonic tag from his lodge. He received many medals and citations from grand lodges throughout the world and they are now on display at the Jefferson Memorial in St. Louis. d. Aug. 26, 1974.

Ernest H. Lindley (1869-1940) University president. b. Oct. 2, 1869 in Paoli, Ind. Graduate of U. of Indiana and Clark U. Also studied at Jena, Leipzig, Heidelberg, and Harvard. Was professor of philosophy at Indiana U., 1902-17. President of U. of Idaho, 1917-20, and chancellor of U. of Kansas, 1920-39. Mason. d. Aug. 21, 1940.

Walter C. Lindley (1880-1958) Federal judge. b. July 12, 1880 in Neoga, Ill. Graduate of U. of Illinois. Practiced law at Danville, Ill. from 1904-22. Was judge of U.S. district court, Eastern Ill. from 1922-49, and from 1949 was judge of the U.S. circuit court of appeals at Chicago. Member of Olive Branch Lodge No. 38, Danville, Ill. and grand orator of the Grand Lodge of Illinois in 1931. Dimitted Aug. 15, 1933. Held membership in Scottish Rite and Shrine. d. Jan. 3, 1958.

Salomon Arvid A. Lindman (18621936) Swedish Admiral. He was twice prime minister of Sweden, 190611 and 1928-30. In 1905 he was a member of the Diet, and also minister of the Navy in that year. In 1917 he was minister of foreign affairs. Lindman served in the Navy from 1882-91. At the time of his death he was grand chancellor of the Grand Lodge of Sweden and was extremely active in Masonic affairs. He often visited the British Isles for Masonic festivities, and his death occurred when hisplane crashed at London's Croydon airfield on Dec. 4, 1936. He was on his way home after attending the Masonic bicentenary in Scotland. He served as master of the oldest Swedish lodge, Den Nordiska Forsta, from 1927-36 and was grand chancellor of the Grand Lodge of Sweden from 1926-36. He was particularly interested in creating and strengthening the fraternal relations of his grand lodge and other jurisdictions. His son, Rolf, is active in Swedish Freemasonry.

Robert 0. Lindneux Artist, specializing in Western scenes. b. Dec. 11, 1874 in New York City. He was educated under private tutors and studied in Dusseldorf, Paris, Munich, and worked under noted masters in London, Amsterdam, Dresden, Berlin, and Buda-Pest from 1888-97. He lived on the western plains of the U.S. 40 years to prepare himself as a portrayer of western Americana. Among his many works are portraits of Buffalo Bill Cody and Wild Bill Hickok at the Cody Memorial Museum; General John J. Pershing. His Bryce Canyon, Red Cloud, Mashoncee, and Shepherd of the Hills are at Northwestern U.; Opening of Oklahoma Territory at Oklahoma U.; Ouray, Chepita, Beecher Island Battle, Sand Creek Fight and others at Colorado State Historical -Museum; Duel Between Buffalo Bill and Yellow Hair at Buffalo Bill Museum, Cody, Wyo. His Trail of Tears hangs in the Frank Phillips Museum, Bartlesville, Okla. He also executed an Americana series of 45 portraits of Indian chiefs and men who have made American history. Member of Albert Pike Lodge No. 117, Denver, Colo., receiving degrees Jan. 17, Feb. 7 and 21, 1919.

Robert J. Lindquist (1902-1951) Executive. b. Dec. 25, 1902 at Sycamore, Ill. He was vice president and director of the following companies: Reynolds Metals Co., U.S. Foil Co.,

88 Edward B. Linnen Fulton Syiphon Co., Bridgeport Thermostat Co., Eskimo Pie Corp., Reynolds Corp., Reynolds Mining Corp., Reynolds Fiscal Corp., American Thermometer Co., Standard Oil of Indiana and others. Mason. d. May 5, 1951.

Alexander Lindsay, Jr. (1871-1926) Justice, Supreme Court of Hawaii, 1922-26. b. Oct. 29, 1871 in Fifeshire, Scotland, moving with parents to Hawaii at age of 10. Graduate of U. of Michigan in 1902. He practiced in Hawaii, serving as district magistrate and circuit judge and in 1910-12 was attorney general of Hawaii. Member of Hawaiian Lodge No. 21, being raised Dec. 12, 1917. d. Sept. 5, 1926.

William Lindsay (1835-1909) U.S. Senator from Kentucky, 1893-1901. b. Sept. 4, 1835 in Rockbridge Co., Va. Settled in Clinton, Ky. in Nov. 1854 where he practiced law. Was a captain in the Confederate Army in the Civil War from 1861-65 and at one time was a prisoner of war. He became judge of the Kentucky court of appeals, 1870-78 and chief justice of the court in 1876-78. After this he practiced in Frankfort, Ky. After his term as senator he moved to New York City where he practiced law and in 1901 was U.S. commissioner to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis. Member and past master of Hickman Lodge No. 131, Clinton, Ky. d. Oct. 15, 1909.

Lewis F. Linn (1795-1843) U.S. Senator from Mo., 1833-43. b. Nov. 5, 1795 near Louisville, Ky. He studied medicine and settled at St. Genevieve, Mo. He was an authority on Asiatic cholera. He was a half-brother of Henry Dodge, q.v., who reared him from the age of eleven. In 1830 he was elected to the state legislature and was appointed to the U.S. senate in 1833. He was elected to the senate in 1834, 1836 and 1842 and had the distinction of being the only U.S. senatorfrom Missouri to have been unanimously elected (1836) and the only doctor elected to the senate from Mo. He was known as the "Model Senator." He was a strong advocate of the acquisition and colonization of Oregon and was the author of the Oregon bill which earned him the title "father of Oregon." One of his greatest achievements was the Platte Purchase which gave Mo. the territory now forming the counties of Andrew, Atchison, Buchanan, Holt, Nodaway and Platte. He was very popular among his constituents in the senate and one day when reading a number of bills, Senator James Buchanan, q.v., interrupted saying: "Doctor, we will save you the trouble. If you recommend them, we will pass the whole bundle." He was originally appointed to the senate in 1833 to succeed Alexander Buckner, q.v. He became a member of Louisiana Lodge No. 109, St. Genevieve, Mo. sometime between 1815 and 1824. A letter written to the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, requesting return of their charter so that their business might be cleared up before the proposed Grand Lodge of Mo. was organized, shows his signature first, followed by his half-brother, Henry Dodge. d. Oct. 3, 1843.

Richard Linnecar Author of the well known Masonic ode beginning: "Let there be Light! Th' Almighty spoke," contained in his volume Strictures on Freemasonry which was published at Leeds in 1789. Little is known of him except he was coroner of Wakefield, England, and for many years master of the Lodge of Unanimity No. 238 of that city.

Edward B. Linnen (1864-1928) Former chief inspector of U.S. Secret Service. b. March 21, 1864 in Le Sueur, Minn. He was inspector of river and harbor improvements of War Dept. in 1882-85 and with railway mail service, 1885-88. He was in-

89 Henry D. Linscott spector for Dept. of Interior from 1894-1922. He was editor and publisher of the Sibley County Independent (Minn.) in 1884-85 and the Graphic Sentinel, Lake City, Minn., 188588. Mason. d. April 1, 1928.

Henry D. Linscott Brigadier General, U.S. Marine Corps. b. Sept. 3, 1894 at Milford, Kans. Graduate of Kansas State Coll. and George Washington U. Commissioned 2nd lieutenant in Marine Corps in 1917 and advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1946. In WWI he served in Santo Domingo and France and after the war in Santo Domingo and Nicaragua. In WWII he was assistant chief of staff of the 3rd Amphibious Force, participating in the operations for the capture of Guadalcanal, Russell Islands, Rendova, New Georgia, Vella Lavella, Bougainville and Green Island (1942-44). He later commanded the service command for the Pacific Marine forces, and from 1947 was deputy commander of Camp Lejeune, N.C. Mason.

Sir Thomas J. Lipton (1850-1931) British tea packer and international sportsman. b. in Glasgow, Scotland of Irish parentage. In his youth he worked for about ten years in the United States. In 1876 he opened a grocery store in Glasgow which he expanded into a large chain of stores throughout Great Britain, dealing in tea, coffee, cocoa, groceries and meats. He next acquired tea, coffee and cocoa plantations in Ceylon and packing houses and factories in England and Chicago, Ill. He competed five times for the America Cup, the symbol of international yachting championship, with five different yachts, each named Shamrock. The years were 1899, 1901, 1903, 1920 and 1930. He was initiated in Lodge Scotia, No. 178, Glasgow, Scotland in Aug., 1870 and passed and raised on Aug. 17th. Although he did not take a prominent part in Masonic affairs, he was theoldest member on the rolls of his lodge at his death.

Ernest Lister (1870-1918) Governor of Washington, 1913-18. b. June 15, 1870 in Halifax, England, coming to America in 1884. He was owner of Lister Construction Co. of Tacoma, 1903-12 and president of Lister Manufacturing Co., Tacoma. Member of Lebanon Lodge No. 104, Tacoma, Wash. d. June 14, 1918.

Franz von Liszt (1811-1886) Hungarian piano virtuoso and composer. b. Oct. 22, 1811 in Hungary. He studied in Vienna and Paris and was on the concert stage from 1822-48. He withdrew from public concerts to live with the Comtesse d'Agoult by whom he had three children. In 1848 he settled at Weimar with the Princess Sayn-Wittgenstein and devoted himself to composition, writing and conducting court concerts. Leaving the princess in 1861, he went to Rome where he became a member of the Catholic Franciscan order and was known as "Abbe Liszt." He passed the remainder of his life between Rome and Weimar with intervals of teaching in the Hungarian Conservatory of Music in Budapest. He wrote symphonies, oratorios, rhapsodies and piano pieces. He was initiated in the lodge Zur Einigkeit at Frankfort-onthe-Main, Sept. 18, 1841 and received the second and third degrees in the lodge Zur Eintracht in Berlin in Feb. of the following year. d. July 31, 1886.

Paul W. Litchfield President of Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., 192640 and Chairman of Board from 1930. b. July 26, 1875 in Boston, Mass. Graduate of Mass. Institute of Technology in 1896. He began with the Goodyear company in 1900. He was superintendent from 1900-15, and vice president from 1915-26. He is also chairman of Goodyear Aircraft Corp. and has been a leader in the development of lighter-than-air craft. He is a mem-

90 Tom Little ber of the national executive board of The Boy Scouts of America. Member of Adoniram Lodge No. 517, Akron, Ohio, receiving degrees May 26, June 23, and Aug. 28, 1902. 33° AASR (NJ).

Charles H. Litchman (1849-1902) First General Secretary of the Knights of Labor—America's first labor organization. b. April 8, 1849 in Marblehead, Mass. He was secretary (both state and national) of the Grand Lodge Knights of Saint Crispin (Shoemakers) from 1875-78, and secretary of Knights of Labor in 1878-81, and again in 1886-88. Served in Mass. state legislature in 1879. Member of Amity Lodge, Danvers, Mass. d. in 1902.

George Little (1754-1809) Revolutionary Naval Captain. b. April 10, 1754 in Marshfield, Mass. At the beginning of the Revolution he commanded the Boston, an armed vessel belonging to the state of Mass. In 1779 he was a lieutenant on the Protector and was captured by a British frigate and imprisoned in Plymouth, England. He managed to scale the walls of the prison and found his way back to America where in 1798, he was appointed to command the U.S. frigate, Boston. He cruised with this ship until the end of the war. He was made captain on March 4, 1799. After peace was made he retired to his farm near Weymouth. He was made a member of Old Colony Lodge of Hingham, Mass. in 1792 (charter member). d. July 22, 1809.

Joseph J. Little (1841-1913) U.S. Congressman from New York, 189193 (52nd Congress). b. June 5, 1841 in Bristol, England, coming to the U.S. in 1846 with his parents. Apprenticed to a printer, he established his own printing business in N.Y.C. in 1867. He was at one time commissioner of education and president of the board of education of N.Y.C. He served in the Civil War from 1862-64 with Fed-eral troops, as corporal, sergeant and 1st lieutenant. Member of Kane Lodge No. 454, N.Y.C. receiving degrees on Dec. 2, 1879, Jan. 20 and Feb 3, 1880. Exalted in Jerusalem Chapter No. 8, R.A.M. in 1891. d. Feb. 11, 1913.

Peter Little (1775-1830) U.S. Congressman from Maryland, 1811-13 and 1816-29; Colonel in War of 1812. b. in Petersburg, Pa., about 1775 he was apprenticed to a trade (mechanic) and moved to Maryland where he settled at Freedom, Carroll Co. At that time, he was the first and only mechanic to be elected to congress. He served as colonel of the 38th Infantry from May 19, 1813 to June 15, 1815. .A member of Concordia Lodge No. 13, Baltimore in 1797, he became first master of Temple Lodge No. 26 at Reisterstown in June, 1798, and later reaffiliated with Concordia lodge. He was grand secretary of the Grand Lodge of Maryland in 1798, and grand master of same in 1818. Member of Chapter No. 2, Royal Arch Masons (now extinct). d. Feb. 5, 1830.

Philip Little (1857-1942) Artist. b. Sept. 6, 1857 at Swampscott, Mass. He exhibited in Rome, Buenos Aires, Paris, London, Panama, and throughout the U.S. He is represented in permanent collections in the Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. (of which he was curator), Brunswick, Me., Philadelphia, Minneapolis, Milwaukee, Nashville, New York City, Dubuque, Ia., Boston, Mass., Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris and Municipal Gallery of Dublin, Ireland. Mason. d. March 30, 1942.

Tom Little Cartoonist and winner of Pulitzer Prize for cartoons in 1957. b. Sept. 27, 1898 near Franklin, Tenn. He studied art at Watkins Inst., Nashville, 1912-15 and worked under Carey Orr, 1913-16. He was a reporter on Nashville Tennessean, 1916-23, and N.Y. Herald Tribune Syndicate, 192324. He returned to the Nashville paper

91 John M. Littlefield in 1924 and was city editor from 193137. Since 1937 he has been a cartoonist, and from 1934-49 drew the syndicated comic panel Sunflower Street for King Features of N.Y.C. He was the winner of the National Headliners' award for outstanding editorial cartoons in 1947. Raised in Buena Vista Lodge No. 639 at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 19, 1923. 32° AASR (SJ) in Trinity Consistory No. 2, and Al Menah Shrine Temple, all of Nashville.

John M. Littlefield General Grand Master, General Grand Council, R. & S.M., 1948-51. b. July 30, 1890 at Auburn, Maine. Graduate of Bliss Business Coll., Lewiston, Maine; he attended Bryant & Stratton School, Boston, Mass. where he studied accounting and became office manager of Auburn in 1910. Raised in Ancient Brothers' Lodge No. 178, Auburn, Oct. 23, 1911, serving as master in 1917. Exalted in Bradford Chapter No. 38, Auburn, April 16, 1912; was high priest in 1920, and grand high priest in 1943. Greeted in Dunlap Council No. 8, March 25, 1919; was master in 1923, grand master in 1932. Knighted in Lewiston Commandery No. 6, K.T. May 24, 1923, and commander in 192930. 32° AASR (NJ) in Lewiston-Auburn bodies in 1920 and active in degree work. Past sovereign of Red Cross of Constantine and member of Kora Shrine Temple, Lewiston.

Lewis Littlepage (1762-1802) An American who was Polish Ambassador to Russia. b. Dec. 19, 1762 in Hanover Co., Va. Graduate of William and Mary Coll. in 1778. A relative of John Jay, q.v., who was then minister to Madrid; Littlepage joined him abroad. He volunteered in the expedition of the Duc de Crillon against Minorea in 1782, and subsequently accompanied the Prince of NassauSiegen to the siege of Gibraltar where he was blown from one of the floating batteries, but saved. He subsequentlymade a tour of Europe and located at Warsaw, Poland where he was honored for many years with the esteem and confidence of King Stanislas. He was created a knight of the order of St. Stanislas; made ambassador to Russia; chamberlain and confidential secretary, and served as a special envoy in several important negotiations. He was a friend of Lafayette, q.v., and Washington wrote of him in his diary on Nov. 8, 1785 as "an extraordinary character." He was a member of Fredericksburg Lodge No. 4, Fredericksburg, Va. and at his death in Fredericksburg on July 19, 1802, he was buried in the Masonic cemetery of that city.

Maximilien Paul Emile Littre (1801-1881) French lexicographer and philosopher who worked 40 years on the great dictionary of the French language, Dictionnaire de la Langue Franeaise. b. Feb. 1, 1801 in Paris. He studied medicine while teaching Latin and Greek. He became a follower of Auguste Comte, the "positivist" and was recognized as the head of this school of philosophy after the latter's death in 1857. Elected to the French Academy in 1871, and became a life senator in 1875. He was an associate of Leon Gambetta and Jules Ferry, the three of them affiliating with the Lodge La Clemente Amitie in Paris, -June 8, 1875. From a family of devout Roman Catholics, his funeral was conducted by that church. d. June 2, 1881.

Samuel Livermore (1732-1803) U.S. Senator from New Hampshire, 1793-1801. b. May 14, 1732 in Waltham, Mass. Graduated from Princeton U. in 1752 and studied law, being admitted to the bar in 1757, and began practice in 1758 in Portsmouth, N.Y. He was a member of the general court of that province in 1768-70 and was judge advocate of the admiralty (under the English) before the Revolution. He was a delegate to the Con-

92 Henry Beekman Livingston tinental Congress from Feb., 1780-June, 1782, and again in 1785. He was chief justice of the state supreme court from 1782-89, and, in 1788, was a member of the convention that adopted the Federal constitution. He was a U.S. representative in the 1st and 2nd congresses, serving from 1789-93. Raised in St. John's Lodge, Portsmouth, N.H. on April 12, 1758, he served as secretary of the lodge in 1759-62. d. May 18, 1803.

Edward Livingston (1764-1836) U.S. Congressman from New York; Mayor of New York City; U.S. Congressman from Louisiana; U.S. Senator from Louisiana; U.S. Secretary of State; U.S. Minister to France and fourth General Grand High Priest of the General Grand Chapter. b. May 26, 1764 in Clermont, N.Y., the younger brother of Robert R. Livingston, q.v., who negotiated the Louisiana purchase. Graduate of Princeton U. in 1781. Studied law with his brother, Robert, and was admitted to practice in 1785. His competitors were Aaron Burr, q.v., and Alexander Hamilton, q.v. He served three terms in Congress from New York (1794-1800) and was mayor of New York City from 1801-03. A yellow fever epidemic nearly ruined his health and while ill, two subordinates stole large amounts of government funds with which he had been entrusted. He then left for New Orleans (1804) in the newly established territory purchased by his brother. By 1826 he had repaid the government for the entire loss. He arrived in Louisiana with $100 in gold and a letter of credit for $1,000. It was Livingston who wrote the Civil and Criminal codes for Louisiana, drawn from French and Spanish channels, from Roman law as opposed to the English antecedents which are used by the other 47 states. He was elected to Congress from La. in 1882 and after three terms was elected U.S. senator, serving from 1828-31. He resigned from the Senate to becomesecretary of state in the cabinet of President Jackson, q.v. (1831-33). He later resigned this position to become U.S. minister to France, the position once occupied by his brother, Robert R. His original lodge is not known, but he came to Holland Lodge No. 8 of New York City by affiliation and was third junior warden of that lodge. He is listed in the returns of this lodge as a member as early as 1788. He was deputy grand master of the Grand Lodge of New York in 1801-03, relinquishing this position when he moved to New Orleans. He was charter member and first master of Louisiana Lodge No. 101, New Orleans. This lodge was chartered by the Grand Lodge of New York on Sept. 2, 1807, and after several reorganizations ultimately emerged as Perfect Union Lodge No. 1 of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana. Little is known of his Royal Arch affiliations—his chapter, or whether he ever served as high priest. He was elected general grand high priest while living in Louisiana and served from 1829 until his death in 1836, presiding over the convocations held in New York City, Baltimore, and Washington. d. May 23, 1836 in Rhinebeck, N.Y. where he had retired from public life.

Henry Beekman Livingston (17501831) Brigadier General, American Revolution. b. Nov. 9, 1750 at Rhinebeck, N.Y., a brother of Robert R., q.v., and Edward, q.v. In August, 1775 he raised a company of soldiers and accompanied his brother-in-law, General Richard Montgomery, q.v., on his expedition to Canada. For his services in the capture of Chambly in 1775, he was voted a sword of honor by congress in Dec. of that year. In Feb., 1776 he became aide-de-camp to General Philip Schuyler, q.v., and in Nov. was made colonel of the 4th battalion of New York volunteers. He resigned that command in 1779. He served with Lafayette in Rhode Island and was with him at Valley

93 James Livingston Forge. At the close of the war he was made brigadier general. He was one of the original members of the New York Society of the Cincinnati. A member of Masters Lodge No. 2 of Albany, he was admitted in 1777. d. Nov. 5, 1831.

James Livingston (1747-1832) Revolutionary soldier. b. March 27, 1747 in Canada. A cousin of Robert R., Edward and Henry B., qq.v. He was given command of a regiment of Canadian auxiliaries at the start of the war and was with General Richard Montgomery, q.v., at the capture of Fort Chambly. He later accompanied Montgomery on his invasion of Canada. He continued with the American Army as a colonel until the close of the war and was present at the Battle of Stillwater in 1777, and the surrender of Burgoyne the same year. He had command of Stony Point at the time of Benedict Arnold's, q.v., treason in 1780. Member of Solomon's Lodge No. 1, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. and master of same in 1777.

James E. Livingston Justice, Supreme Court of Alabama. b. March 17, 1892 in Notasulga, Ala. Graduate of U. of Alabama in 1918. Began law practice at Tuscaloosa. Associate justice of supreme court since 1940. Mason.

Philip Livingston (1716-1778) Signer of Declaration of Independence. b. Jan. 15, 1716 in Albany, N.Y. Graduate of Yale in 1737. Elected alderman of New York City in 1754 and held the office nine years and long-time member of provincial assembly from that city. He was one of the committee of correspondence contacting Edmund Burke, q.v. He was a member of the first Continental Congress at Philadelphia in 1774, and continued a member of that body until his death. He was chosen state senator in 1777, and attended the first meeting of the first state legislature of N.Y. He was elected one of the first delegates to thefirst congress under the new federation. No proof of his Masonic membership exists, but there was a Philip J. Livingston present with Robert R. Livingston, q.v., at the first meeting of Solomon's Lodge No. 1 at Poughkeepsie, N.Y. on May 22, 1771. d. June 12, 1778.

Robert R. Livingston (1746-1813) U.S. Minister to France who negotiated the Louisiana Purchase for the United States. b. Nov. 27, 1746 in New York City. Graduate of Kings (now Columbia) Coll. in 1765. Admitted to the bar in 1773 and for a short time was in partnership with John Jay, q.v. He was elected to the provincial assembly of N.Y. from Dutchess Co. in 1775 and sent by that body as a delegate to the Continental Congress, where he was one of the committee of five (Jefferson, Adams, Franklin and Sherman) that drew up the Declaration of Independence. He was prevented from signing as he was called away to the meeting of the N.Y. provincial convention. He was then appointed first chancellor of N.Y. under the constitution and served in that capacity from 1777 to 1801. He was again a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1777, 1779-81. As chancellor, he administered the oath of office to George Washington upon his inauguration as the first president of the United States on April 30, 1789 in New York City, using the altar Bible of St. John's Lodge No. 1 (then No. 2) for the ceremony. He held the office of secretary of foreign affairs for the U.S. in 1781-83, and, in 1788 was chairman of the N.Y. convention to consider the U.S. Constitution, whose adoption he was largely instrumental in procuring. He refused the post of minister to France in 1794, and later the secretaryship of the Navy under Jefferson, but in 1801 accepted appointment as U.S. minister to France. He was a close friend of Napoleon, q.v., and popular at court. The U.S. acquisition

94 John Jestyn, 1st Baron Llewellin of the Louisiana Territory was due in the main part to Livingston. While in France he met Robert Fulton, q.v., and became interested in steam navigation. Returning to this country, the two secured the exclusive right to navigate the waterways of N.Y. provided they could build a boat that would make four miles an hour. The first boat of 30 tons could only do three, but in 1807 the Clermont made five. He was the first to introduce merino sheep into communities west of the Hudson River and brought gypsum into use as a fertilizer. Benjamin Franklin called him the "Cicero of America" and he was honored by his state as one of the two members of the National Hall of Fame in the U.S. Capitol. He was a member of Union Lodge, N.Y.C. and served as master of same. He was elected as first grand master of the Grand Lodge of New York in 1784, and served until 1801. As grand master, he constituted Solomon's Lodge No. 1, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. on May 22, 1771. He relinquished his grandmastership on becoming minister to France. When the grand lodge presented him with a jewel on his retirement, he responded: "I shall wear, with pride and pleasure, the jewel with which the Fraternity has honored me, and consider it as a memorial of the pleasing connection which binds us to each other when the duties I owe the public shall have separated them from me. . . . My ardent prayers are for the present and future happiness of its members, and believe that I shall, in every situation in life, feel myself deeply interested in their prosperity, and that of the respectable and useful society over which they so worthily preside." He was a brother of Edward and Henry B. Livingston, qq.v. d. Feb. 26, 1813.

Alberto Lleras-Camargo President of Colombia, 1945-46. b. July 3, 1906 in Bogota, Colombia. A journalist he was with La Republica, El Tiempo, El Espectador (1924-35) and contributor to La Nacion, El Mundo of Buenos Aires in 1926-29. Editor-in-chief of El Tiempo, 1929-34 and founder and director of El Liberal, 1938-42. He has been secretary of the Liberal party, member of house of representatives, secretary of Colombian delegation to 7th Pan American Conf. in 1933, general secretary to president of Colombia 1934-35, minister of government, 1935-38, delegate to Buenos Aires Peace Conf., 1936, minister of education, 1937, chairman of house of representatives, 1941, senator and representative in national legislature, 1943; Colombian ambassador to U.S. in 1943, minister of government, 194345, minister of foreign relations, 1945, delegate to U.N. Conference at San Francisco in 1945, director general of Pan American Union, 1947-48 and secretary general of Organization of American States since 1948. Member of Lodge Murillo Torro at Bogota.

John Jestyn, 1st Baron Llewellin First Governor General of the Federation of Central Africa in 1953. b. Feb., 1893 at Chevening near Seven-oaks, Kent. He was created first Baron Llewellin of Upon in Dorset in 1945. He attended Eaton and University College at Oxford. At age of 21 he was commissioned in the Dorset Royal Garrison Artillery and served with same in France from 1915-19. He read law after the war and was called to the bar in 1921. Eight years later he became a member of parliament for Uxbridge, retaining that seat until his elevation to the peerage. He has served as secretary to the postmaster general of England; first commissioner of works; assistant government whip; civil lord of the Admiralty. He was parliamentary secretary to ministry of Supplies, 1939-40, ministry of Aircraft Production, 1940-41, ministry of War Transport, 1941-42; president of board of trade; minister of Aircraft Production; minister resident in Washington, D.C. for Supply, and minister of Food, 1943-46. In 1946 he

95 Andreas Saenz Llorente was junior grand warden of the Grand Lodge of England and was named provincial grand master for Dorset in 1952. In 1947 he was junior grand warden of the Mark Grand Lodge of England. Attained 31° in Ancient and Accepted Rite, Rose Croix.

Andreas Saenz Llorente President of the Costa Rican Constitutional Congress. A doctor, he was dean of the faculty of Medicine at the state university. Member of Caridad Lodge No. 26.

Julian Volio Llorente Former secretary of State of Costa Rica and candidate for the presidency. He was president of congress and chamber of representatives and president of the constitutional assembly in 1880. Director of the National Bank and president of the Law College. Past master of Caridad Lodge No. 26.

Edward Lloyd (1779-1834) Governor of Maryland, 180941 and U.S. Senator from Maryland, 1819-26. b. July 22, 1779 at "Wye House," Talbot Co., Md. His father of the same name was a member of the Continental Congress. His grandson, Henry Lloyd, q.v., was also governor of Md. Educated by private tutors. Member of state house of delegates, 1800-05 and to U.S. congress to fill vacancy, serving from 1806-09. Served in War of 1812 as a lieutenant colonel in 9th Maryland regiment. Member of Coates Lodge No. 76, Easton, Md. d. June 2, 1834.

Harold C. Lloyd Star of silent films and movie producer. b. April 20, 1894 in Burchard, Nebr. Attended high school in Denver, Colo. and San Diego, Calif. He began his motion picture career as an extra at the age of 19 with the Edison Co. at San Diego, and was later with Universal and other Hollywood film companies. In 1914 he joined Hal E. Roach. In his comedies, he won world fame as a symbol of American youth—hornedrimmed glasses (no lenses in the frames) and a straw hat. He appeared in more than 250 comedies, a record that few stars can approach. Among his pictures were a one-reel series known as Lonesome Lukes, Sailor Made Man, Grandma's Boy, Dr. Jack, Safety Last, Why Worry, and others. In 1923 he organized the Harold Lloyd Corp. and produced Girl Shy, Hot Water, The Freshman, For Heaven's Sake, The Kid Brother and Speedy. His first talking picture was Welcome Danger. He produced Professor Beware, and for R.K.O., A Girl, a Guy and a Gob. He was initiated in Alexander Hamilton Lodge No. 535 of Hollywood in 1925. A member of both rites, he took his Royal Arch Degree with his father. He is past sovereign of San Gabriel Conclave of Red Cross of Constantine, potentate of Al Malaikah Shrine Temple of Los Angeles in 1939, director of Shrine Hospital for Crippled Children, and in 1949 was elected Imperial Potentate of the Shrine for North America.

Henry Lloyd (1852-1932) Governor of Maryland, 1885-88. b. Feb. 21, 1852 at Hambrooks Farm near Cambridge, Md. He was the grandson of Edward L. Lloyd, q.v., another governor of Md. Educated at Cambridge Academy, he was admitted to the bar in 1873. He taught school until 1880, -and entered law practice at Cambridge, Md. in 1880. Elected to the state senate in 1881, he was president of same in 1884. He was later judge of the circuit court. He was the 20th master of Cambridge Lodge No. 66, Cambridge, Md., serving in 1878, 1879, 1885 and 1889. He was raised in 1876 and in 1885-86 was senior grand warden of the Grand Lodge of Maryland. d. April 11, 1932.

Georg J. Lober American sculptor. b. in Chicago, Ill. He studied with Calder, Borglum, and Longman. He has exhibited in well-known galleries and museums throughout the U.S.

96 Richard A. Locke and in Paris. His works include portrait bust of Theodore Roosevelt, Hall of Fame; Hans Christian Anderson medal; statue of Thomas Paine, Morristown, N.J. He was knighted by the King of Denmark in 1950, and in 1952 was recipient of the National Sculptor Society's medal of honor. Member of Hiram Lodge No. 449, New York City.

Charles S. Lobingier (1866-1956) Judge of international tribunals, author and founder of Scottish Rite in Philippines and Korea. b. April 30, 1866 in Lanark, Ill. Held five degrees from U. of Nebraska. Admitted to Nebraska bar in 1890 and practiced at Omaha until 1902, and from 1904-14, was judge of the Court of 1st Instance in the Philippines. He was judge of the U.S. Court for China from 191424. He was a law professor in seven universities during his career and wrote a number of legal books. In 1929 he was special counsel for U.S. before International Claims Commission, and in 1931 was tendered appointment by Chinese government as legal counselor. From 1934-46 he was a Securities Exchange officer. In 194649 he was chief adviser to property claims comm. of U.S. military government in Korea. He was raised in St. John's Lodge No. 25, Omaha, Nebr. in 1896, and was master in 1900. In 1901 he was grand orator of the Grand Lodge of Nebraska, and chairman of committee on codification of law from 1899-1904. Received Scottish Rite (SJ) in Omaha in 1898, and KCCH in 1901. In 1907 he established the Scottish Rite in Manila, Philippines. In 1910 he became a deputy of the Supreme Council for the Philippines, and on removal to China had the same position for that country. Elected honorary inspector general in 1913. Exalted in Omaha Chapter No. 1, R.A.M. in 1901 and later affiliated with Keystone Chapter at Shanghai, China, serving as high priest in 1917. Member of Red Cross of Constantine at Chicago (St. John's No. 1), and founded, and was first sovereign, of Asoka Conclave, Manila, and first intendant general for the Far East. Received the Royal Order of Scotland in the Provincial Grand Lodge of China in 1916. Was provincial grand master of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Philippines from 1920-26. Was the 33rd Freemason to receive the Scottish Rite's Grand Cross (1925). He wrote The Supreme Council, 33°, a history of the southern jurisdiction from its founding in 1801. d. April 28, 1956.

Edward Locke (1869-1945) Playwright. b. Oct. 18, 1869 in Stourbridge, Worcestershire, England, coming to the U.S. in 1884. His plays include The Climax, The Case of Beckey, The Silver Wedding, The Revolt, The Bubble, The Land of the Free, Dangerous Years, The Dancer, Dorothy Dixie Lee, Frieda Laughs, Mike Angelo, Swanee River, 57 Bowery, The Love Call and The Studio Girl. Mason. d. March 1, 1945.

Richard A. Locke (1800-1871) Journalist who authored the celebrated "Moon Hoax" of 1835. b. in New York, he was one time editor of the New York Sun and The New Era. Poor health forced him to leave journalism several years before his death, and he received an appointment in the New York custom house. In 1835 he created a sensation by the publication of what purported to be the astronomical observations, especially on the moon, of "Sir John Herschel, the younger," at the Cape of Good Hope, describing in detail, among other things, the discovery of lunar inhabitants. The whole account was so plausible and circumstantial that It was believed even by many scientific men. Afterward he wrote "The Lost Manuscript of Mungo Park," another hoax. Member of Benevolent Lodge No. 28, New York City. d. Feb. 16, 1871.

97 John G. Lockhart John G. Lockhart (1794-1854) Scottish biographer of Scott and Burns. Called to the bar in 1816. He married Sir Walter Scott's eldest daughter, Charlotte Sophia. He wrote four novels: Valerius, Adam Blair, Reginald Dalton and Matthew Wald. He sketched Edinburgh society in Peter's Letters to His Kinsfolk and edited the Quarterly Review from 1825-53. In 1828 he produced a biography of Burns, and in 1829 an history of the life of Napoleon. His greatest work, which is usually rated next to Boswell's Johnson among the great biographies in English, was his Life of Sir Walter Scott, in seven volumes. Member of Canongate Kilwinning Lodge, Scotland (Jan. 26, 1826). d. 1854.

Fred W. Lockley Author, specializing on Pacific Northwest history. b. March 19, 1871 at Leavenworth, Kans. Graduate of Willamette U. in 1895. He was part owner of East Oregonian at Pendleton from 1901-05, general manager of Pacific Monthly Magazine at Portland from 1905-10, and editorial writer and columnist on Oregon Journal from 1911. Served overseas with A.E.F. in WWI. While overseas he wrote for Paris edition of New York Herald and Stars and Stripes. His books include Vigilante Days in Virginia City; Sol Tetherow, Wagon Train Master; Across the Plains by Prairie Schooner; To Oregon by Ox Team in '47; History of the Columbia River Valley; Oregon Folks; Oregon's Yesterdays; Oregon Trail Blazers. Received degrees in Pendleton Lodge No. 52, Pendleton, Oreg. on Feb. 27, May 1, June 6, 1905 and later affiliated with Willamette Lodge No. 2, Willamette, Oreg.

David A. Lockmiller President of University of Chattanooga (Tenn.) since 1942. b. Aug. 30, 1906 at Athens, Tenn. Degrees from Cumberland U. (Tenn.), Emory U. (Ga.) and U. of North Carolina. Studied at Oxford in1937. Admitted to the bar and practiced at Monett, Mo. from 1929-33. Taught at N.C. State Coll. of Agriculture, U. of North Carolina, Emory U., N.C. Coll. for Negroes, and Meredith Coll. Member of Monett Lodge No. 129, Monett, Mo. since 1931.

Alfred C. Lockwood (1875-1951) Former Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Arizona. b. July 20, 1875 in Ottawa, Ill. Taught school in Arizona before being admitted to the bar in 1902. He practiced at Nogales and Douglas. He was associate justice of supreme court of Arizona three terms (1925-43), and was chief justice, 1929-30, 1935-36, and 1941-42. Retired from bench in 1943 to resume private practice. Member of Mount Moriah Lodge No. 19, Douglas, Ariz., receiving degrees Sept. 19, 26, 1905, and Jan. 30, 1906. d. Oct. 30, 1951.

Charles A. Lockwood, Jr. Vice Admiral, U.S. Navy. b. May 6, 1890 in Midland, Va. Attended high school in Lamar, Mo. and graduated from U.S. Naval Academy in 1908. While at the academy he broke the one mile record with time of 4 minutes 29 2/5 seconds. After service on the USS Mississippi and USS Arkansas, he entered submarine service in 1914, and commanded the A-2 and B-1. In WWI he commanded the first submarine division of the Asiatic Fleet, the submarines G-1 and N-5. Later he commanded the UC-97 (ex-German submarine), R-25 and S-14. He was chief of staff for submarines, U.S. Fleet, 1939-41 and naval attache, London, 1941-42. In 1942-43 he commanded the submarines of the Southwest Pacific Force based in West Australia and from 1943-45 was commander of submarines of the Pacific Fleet, based at Pearl Harbor, and later, Guam. His submarines of the latter command sank over 1,000 hostile ships including one battleship, seven aircraft carriers, and five cruisers, finding no waters too remote for their operations.

98 John A. Logan They broke into the Japanese sea and cut Japan's lines of communication. Retired Sept. 1, 1947. Since retirement he has co-authored Sink 'Em All; Hellcats of the Sea; Zoomies, Subs and Zeros; Through. Hell and Deep Water. He has acted as a technical advisor for four submarine movies filmed by Warner Bros., Metro Goldwyn Mayer, Lakeside Pictures, and Stanley Kramer Productions. He is also a member of the secretary of Defense's advisory committee on prisoners of war, which in 1955 drew up the "U.S. Fighting Man's Code." He was raised in Cavite, Philippines about 1915, and affiliated with Lamar Lodge No. 292, Lamar, Mo. about 1920.

Luke A. Lockwood (1833-1905) Author of Masonic Law and Practice. b. Dec. 1, 1833 at Riverside, Conn. He was born and died in the same house. He was initiated in Union Lodge No. 5, Stamford, Conn. in 1856, and became a charter member and first master of Acacia Lodge No. 85 at Greenwich, Conn. in 1858. On May 9, 1872 he was elected grand master of the Grand Lodge of Connecticut from the floor—the only other such instance being when Oliver Wolcott, governor of Conn., was elected from the floor. Exalted in Rittenhouse Chapter No. 11, R.A.M., Stamford, Conn., he was grand high priest two terms, 1865 and 1866. d. Nov. 20, 1905.

Paul E. Lockwood Vice President of Schenley Industries, Inc. b. June 27, 1902 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Graduate of Columbia in 1923, and Fordham U. Began as reporter for Brooklyn Eagle in 1916, and with N.Y. Evening World in 1922-23. Admitted to the bar in 1929 and practiced in N.Y.C. Governor Dewey appointed him special prosecutor in his war against rackets in N.Y. and he became chief assistant district attorney. From 1943-50 he was secretary to Governor Dewey, q.v. Became vice president of the Schenley group in 1955. Member of Bedford Lodge No. 574, 32° AASR (NJ) in Aurora Grata Consistory and Kismet Shrine Temple, all of New York City.

R. Lee Lockwood Active member, Supreme Council, 33° AASR (SJ) and grand orator of same. He is sovereign grand inspector general in Texas. Received 32° in 1922, KCCH in 1933, and 33° in 1941. Has been active member since 1952. He is president of the Waco Mortgage Co. Director of a bank in Dallas, and one in Waco; director of Farm Home Savings and Loan Assn. with offices in Kansas City and Nevada, Mo. Graduate of U. of Texas. Was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Texas in 1938; served as president of the Masonic Home and School. He is past commander of his commandery and past potentate of the Shrine.

John A. Logan (1826-1886) Union Major General in Civil War; U.S. Congressman and Senator from Illinois. b. Feb. 9, 1826 in Jackson Co., Ill. He entered the Mexican War as a private and became a lieutenant in the 1st Illinois Infantry. Graduate of Louisville U. in 1851 and admitted to the bar. He was U.S. congressman from Illinois from 1852-61, resigning his seat to take part in the Civil War. After fighting at Bull Run, he returned home to organize the 31st Illinois Infantry and was its colonel. He rose to brigadier general of volunteers in 1862, and major general in Nov. of the same year. He fought at Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Corinth, Jackson, Tenn., Mississippi campaign, Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hills, and the siege of Vicksburg. He was appointed military governor of Vicksburg. He succeeded General McPherson in command of the Army of Tenn. and joined Sherman at Savannah. After the war he declined appointment as minister of Mexico by President Johnson, q.v. He was elected to the 40th,

41st and 42nd U.S. congresses, but before the 42nd congress could convene, he was elected U.S. senator and served from 1872-77, when he retired to private law practice in Chicago. He was again elected to the senate in 1879. He was one of the founders and was second commander-in-chief of the G.A.R. He succeeded General Stephen A. Hurlbut, q.v., as commander and was re-elected twice. He was regarded as the most outstanding leader the G.A.R. ever had. Memorial Day as a national holiday was the result of his efforts. He was raised in Mitchell Lodge No. 85 of Pinckneyville, Ill. and affiliated with Benton Lodge No. 64, Benton, Ill., Sept. 6, 1851. He was exalted in Washington Chapter No. 43, RA.M., Chicago, Sept. 11, 1885; knighted in Chevalier Bayard Cornmandery No. 52, K.T., Chicago, Dec. 1, 1885; received 32° AASR (NJ) in Oriental Consistory, Chicago in 1880. He was elected to receive the 33°, Sept. 15, 1886, but died on Dec. 26, 1886 before it could be conferred.

Marvel M. Logan (1874-1939) U.S. Senator from Kentucky, 1931-39. b. Jan. 7, 1874 in Brownsville, Ky. Practiced law at Brownsville from 18961912. Was attorney general of Kentucky for term, 1916-20, but resigned in 1917, and was appointed chairman of state tax commission. In 1918 he resumed practice in Louisville. He was judge of the Kentucky court of appeals from 1926-31, and chief justice, 1930-31. He died before his term in the Senate was completed. He was a member of J. M. McCorkle Lodge No. 355 (name later changed to Washington-Meredith Lodge No. 355 on Oct. 21, 1931). He received the degrees, Sept. 17, Oct. 15, and Nov. 18, 1904. He was senior warden of his lodge in 1905, and master in 1906. d. Oct. 3, 1939.

William Logan (1776-1822) U.S. Senator from Kentucky, 1819-20. b. Dec. 8, 1776 within the fort at Harrodsburg, Mercer Co., Ky. Moved with parents to Shelby Co., Ky. about 1798. He studied law, was admitted to the bar. Member of the lower house of Kentucky in 1803-06, and in 1808 served as speaker. He was judge of the court of appeals from 1808-12. He resigned f