10,000 Famous Freemasons by William R. Denslow

10,000 FAMOUS

FREEMASONS

WILLIAM R. DENSLOW

Volume III

K - P

Foreword by

HARRY S. TRUMAN, P.G.M.
Past Master, Missouri Lodge of Research

Published by
Macoy Publishing & Masonic Supply Co., Inc.
Richmond, Virginia

Copyright, I957, William R. Denslow

Carl Kaas Norwegian lawyer and grand master of the Grand Lodge of Norway since 1957. b. in 1884. He played an important part in securing the return of the many valuable articles and library belonging to the grand lodge which had been removed by the Germans during WWII.

Harry G. Kable (1880-1952) President of Kable Bros. 1931-49. b. July 15, 1880 in Lanark, Ill. He was with the Mount Morris News and Gospel Messenger, Mount Morris, Ill. from 1896-98. In 1898 with his twin brother, Harvey J., purchased the Mount Morris Index. Since 1905 it has specialized in the printing of periodicals and magazines. Member of Samuel H. Davis Lodge No. 96, Mt. Morris, Ill. 32° AASR (NJ) and Shriner. d. July 2, 1952.

Howard W. Kacy President of Acacia Mutual Life Ins. Co. b. Sept. 19, 1899 in Huntington, Ind. Graduate of U. of Indiana. Admitted to the bar in 1921. He has been with Acacia Mutual since 1923, successively as counsel, general counsel, vice president, 1st vice president, executive vice president, and president since 1955. Director since 1935. Mason and member of DeMolay Legion of Honor.

Benjamin B. Kahane Motion picture executive. b. in Chicago in 1891. Graduate of Chicago Kent Coll. of Law in 1912, and practiced in Ill. until 1919. From 1919-32 he was general counsel of Radio-Keith-Orpheum. He was president of RKO Pictures from 1932-36, and since 1936 has been vice president and executive producer of Columbia Pictures Corp., Los An-geles. He is vice president and director of Association of Motion Picture Producers, Inc. and Southern California Enterprises, Inc. Member of Mount Olive Lodge No. 506 of Los Angeles, affiliating with it on March 4, 1936 from Covenant Lodge No. 526, Chicago, Ill.

Richard B. Kahle President of Eastern States Petroleum Co., Inc. since 1932. b. Nov. 5, 1892 in Lima, Ohio. Graduate of Allegheny Coll. in 1913. Worked as a civil engineer with Pennsylvania Railroad, City of Lima, Ohio, Standard Oil of New Jersey, and Imperial Oil Co. From 1923-29 he was president of Louisiana Oil Refining Corp. and president of Beacon Oil Co. 1926-30. Mason, 32° AASR Knight Templar.

Julius Kahn (1861-1924) Actor and U.S. Congressman to 56th and 57th Congresses (1899-1903) and 59th to 67th Congresses (1905-23) from 4th Calif. dist. b. Feb. 28, 1861 in Kuppenheim, Grand Duchy of Baden. He went to Calif. in 1866. After leaving school, he entered the theatrical profession playing with Edwin Booth, q.v., Joseph Jefferson, q.v., and other notables of the day. He returned to San Francisco in 1890, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1894. He served a term in the state legislature. In congress he was a leader in securing passage of the selective draft act in extra session. Made member in St. Cecile Lodge No. 568 in 1888 while in the theatrical profession. d. Dec. 18, 1924.

1836, a descendant of one of the chief families of the Sandwich Islands. He received a good education and spoke English. When King Kamehameha V, q.v., died in 1872, he was a candidate for the throne, but his opponent, William Lunalilo, was elected and confirmed by the legislature. Lunalilo died within a year and in Feb., 1874, Kalakaua was elected to the throne by a legislature convened for that purpose. Ex-Queen Emma, the rival candidate, received six votes to his 36. The partisans of Queen Emma provoked disorders, which were quelled by the intervention of English and American marines. In the fall of 1874 Kalakaua set out on a tour of the U.S. and Europe. He was taken to San Francisco on a steam frigate, placed at his disposal by the American government, arriving Nov. 28. On this tour, he visited lodges in Washington, New York, Boston, and Chicago. In New York City he witnessed the third degree conferred in New York Lodge No. 330 with the grand officers in attendance, Dec. 30, 1874. In Chicago he accepted the invitation of Oriental Lodge No. 33 on Jan. 15, 1875 to witness another third. On this occasion his brother-in-law John 0. Dominis, q.v., governor of the island of Oahu, was with him. John Wentworth, ex-mayor of Chicago and U.S. congressman, also spoke at this meeting. After lodge, the king entertained the officers of the lodge at the Grand Pacific Hotel. Kalakaua was a member of Lodge Le Progress de l'Oceanie No. 124 (under AASR jurisdiction, later No. 371 under Calif.). He received the degrees March 25, May 4, and July 28, 1859. On Dec. 27, 1875 he was installed as master of the lodge, serving for a year. He was exalted in Honolulu Chapter No. 1, RAM., Feb. 5, 1874, and was high priest in 1883. He was knighted in Honolulu Commandery No. 1, K.T., Feb. 25, 1874, and was commander of same in 1877-78. He received the 4th to 32nd degrees of the AASR (SJ) in July and August, 1874; KCCH May 31, 1876; and 33° honorary at Iolani Palace, Honolulu, July 14, 1878 at the hands of his brother-in-law Prince John 0. Dominis, q.v. He was a charter member of Kamehameha Lodge of Perfection No. 1; Nuuanu Chapter Rose Croix No. 1 and Alexander Liholiho Council of Kadosh No. 1. He served as orator of the lodge 1885-87; master of the chapter, 1874-78, and first sub-preceptor of the council from 1888 until his death. He ran into trouble with Albert Pike when he visited Europe in 1881. The deputy for Hawaii had requested letters to several foreign supreme councils which were given. The king seemingly snubbed that rite in Belgium, Portugal, and England, where "he permitted himself to receive the courtesies and hospitalities of the Knights of the Order of the Red Cross of Constantine in Scotland only, finding no time to receive those of the supreme councils of our rite." Pike then directed a bulletin of apology (July 15, 1882) to all AASR members "over the surface of the Globe." King Kalakaua died Jan. 20, 1891 in the Palace Hotel of San Francisco, while on a visit to this country. He had attended a reception in his honor by the Shrine on the 14th against the advice of his doctor.

Baron Johann Kalb (see under de Kalb.) Samuel Kalisch (1851-1930) Justice, Supreme Court of New Jersey, 1911-25. b. April 18, 1851 in Cleveland, Ohio. Graduate of Columbia U. in 1870, and practiced law in Newark, N.J. Received degrees in Oriental Lodge No. 51, Newark, N.J. in 1897; 32° AASR in Jersey City, N.J. d. April 29, 1930.

Max Kalish (1891-1945) Sculptor. b. March 1, 1891 in Poland and brought to U.S. in childhood. Studied

2 King Kamehameha V sculpture in Cleveland, New York City, and Paris. Represented in National Gallery of Art, Washintgon, D.C. by The Christ and Torso; Cleveland Museum of Art with Labor at Rest; Newark, N.J. Museum with Ecstasy; Canajoharie (N.Y.) Museum with Laborer; Amherst Coll. Museum with Man of Power; many works in private collections including 25 in Dr. C. A. Muncaster's of Cleveland. Initiated in Golden Square Lodge No. 679, Cleveland, Ohio, April 27, 1925; 32* AASR. d. March 18, 1945.

Howard S. Kambestad Vice President of Montgomery Ward & Co. b. Kerkhoven, Minn. Jan. 13, 1910. Was auditor and office manager of National Biscuit Co., 1933-41, and assistant general manager TWA Airlines, 194143. With Montgomery Ward since 1943 as assistant comptroller, treasurer, and vice president since 1955. Mason.

King Kamehameha IV (1834-1863) King of Hawaii, 1854-63. Name was Alexander Liholiho, nephew of Kamehameha III. He introduced the use of the English language in Hawaiian schools. He assumed the throne at the age of 20. On Jan. 14, 1857 he was initiated and passed in the Lodge Le Progress de l'Oceanie No. 124 (under AASR jurisdiction, later No. 371 under Calif.). His raising was deferred until Feb. 8 of that year, at which time he passed his examination in open lodge in full on the two degrees he had taken, to the surprise and admiration of the brethren present. R. G. Davis, master of the lodge at the time, wrote: "Seldom have I witnessed the impressive ceremonies of this degree conducted with such solemnity. The candidate, divested of all regal honors, standing before a large assembly of brethren, many of them decorated with rich jewels, and all in Masonic clothing, gave the lodge a striking appearance and left an impression on our minds not soon to be effaced. It was a lesson in humility.” The lodge was closed at 11 p.m. and the brethren repaired to the king's palace where they were entertained in a truly royal manner. At five minutes after midnight, they toasted the king's 22nd birthday. Kamehameha took immediate interest in Masonic activities. He was installed as junior warden, Sept. 9, 1857, and as master the following January. He served as master for three years. A crowning act of his reign, and a monument to him, was the founding of the Queen's Hospital, the cornerstone of which he laid, July 17, 1860, with Masonic ceremonies. He died Nov. 30, 1863 when but 29, and was given a Masonic burial. Alexander Liholiho Council of Kadosh No. 1, AASR (SJ) of Honolulu is named in his honor.

King Kamehameha V (1830-1872) King of Hawaii, 1863-72, and first Hawaiian to be made a Freemason. Older brother of King Kamehameha IV, q.v. He was the last of a direct line of Sandwich Island kings. He promulgated his own constitution in 1864 to supersede the one of 1852. During his reign the Molokai Leper Settlement was established (1864). His petition was read in Hawaiian Lodge No. 21 (under Calif.), June 10, 1853. He was elected June 13, initiated June 15, passed Dec. 8, 1853, and raised on Feb. 27, 1854. At this time -he was Prince Lot Kamehameha. On Jan. 14, 1857 he was present with many other dignitaries in Lodge Le Progress de l'Oceanie No. 124 (under AASR constitution) when his brother King Kamehameha IV was initiated. Unfortunately for Freemasonry, this evening marked the Masonic turning point for the future king. The two lodges not being in fraternal relations, charges were preferred against Lot Kamehameha, and two other brethren of Hawaiian Lodge, for visiting Le Progress in violation of an interdict imposed by Calif. He was tried, Feb. 25, 1857, and although found guilty, was upon due consideration excused from punishment. This no doubt rankled the royal personage, because, March 2, 1857, a dimit was received from him by Hawaiian Lodge, and on motion, was accepted. Lot Kamehameha, from that time on, never affiliated with a lodge. He was always treated as a Mason and upon his death, the funeral service of the Craft was read over his remains. The minutes of Jan. 18, 1873, show that the master of Hawaiian Lodge No. 21 invited the brethren and officers of the Lodge Le Progress to assist in the funeral of Kamehameha V.

M. F. Kanan Captain, Union Army in Civil War, who was the first commander of the first G.A.R. post. It was established April 6, 1866 at Decatur, Ill. He was a member of Macon Lodge No. 8, Decatur, Ill.

Elisha Kent Kane (1820-1857) Physician and early Arctic explorer. b. Feb. 20, 1820 in Philadelphia, Pa. Was graduated from U. of Pennsylvania in 1842 with medical degree, and entered U.S. Navy June 21, 1843, as assistant surgeon. He served in China, Africa, and the Mediterranean, and was wounded while on special service in Mexico. In 1850 he urgently requested to be relieved of duty so that he might accompany the De-Haven expedition to the Arctic (better known as the Henry Grinnell expedition). He prepared for sailing in two days and was surgeon on the ship Advance. The expedition was to search for the English explorer, Franklin, and was financed by Henry Grinnell and commanded by Lt. Edwin J. DeHaven. The two vessels (Advance and Rescue) were accepted by congress on May 5, 1850. The expedition accomplished very little, having been caught in the ice pack in Wellington's channel; the ships drifted from Sept., 1850 to June, 1851 before they escaped into Baffin Bay. Kane's medical skill did much to fight scurvy and bring back the party alive. His reputation as an Arctic explorer, however, rests on the second Grinnell expedition, which he commanded. Grinnell, at the solicitation of Lady Franklin, placed the ship Advance under his command. Various scientific societies backed the undertaking, and Kane, himself, spent much of his private means. Congress denied aid, but the U.S. Navy gave its support. He sailed May 30, 1853 with Dr. Isaac I. Hayes, q.v., as surgeon of the expedition. They reached 78° 43' N., the highest latitude ever attained with a sailing vessel. Late in 1854, half the party under a Dane named Peterson, abandoned Kane and the ship in an attempt to reach Upernavic, but after three months of extreme hardship, were forced to return to Kane, who received them kindly. In 1855 Kane was forced to abandon the Advance, which was still frozen in, and finally got out in his small boats, with the aid of the Etah Esquimaux, who had been very friendly. On April 13, 1853 (a little over a month previous to the sailing of his second expedition) Kane received all three degrees in Franklin Lodge No. 134, Philadelphia, a lodge of which his father, John K. Kane, had been master in 1825. On June 17, 1853 after starting the expedition, he was entertained at a reception by Saint John's Lodge, Newfoundland, and was presented with a Masonic - flag. Kane Lodge No. 454 of New York City, famous "explorers' lodge," is named for him. He died in Havana, Cuba, Feb. 16, 1857. A memorial tablet, erected by the grand lodges of New York and New Jersey at the house where he died, was dedicated in Feb., 1922.

Frederick R. Kappel President of American Telephone and Telegraph Co. since 1956. b. Jan. 14, 1902 in Albert Lea, Minn. Graduate of U. of Minnesota in 1924. Started as a service man for Southern Minn. Gas & Electric Co. at Albert Lea in 1922. Went with Northwestern Bell Tele-

4 Benjamin Kavanaugh phone Co. in 1924, and rose to vice president of operations in 1942. In 1949 he became assistant vice president of A.T. & T.; vice president 194953. From 1954-56 he was director and president of Western Electric Co. Member of George W. Liniger Lodge No. 268, Omaha, Nebr., receiving degrees on March 22, April 26 and May 24, 1946. 32° AASR (SJ) and KCCH at Omaha, Nebr.

Karl, Prince of Hesse-Cassel (17441836) Son of Landgrave Frederick II and Mary, daughter of King George II of England. He became a Mason in 1775, and in 1786 assumed the title of provincial grand master for Denmark. In 1792 he was grand master general of Denmark. His position was recognized by the Grand Lodge of England in 1793, when he was appointed provincial grand master of Denmark and Norway. He participated fully in the maelstrom of rites, orders, and degrees flourshing at that time and was connected with the continental Rosicrucians. During the decline of the strict observance rite, he founded several lodges which were considered as clandestine. He maintained his interest in Masonry and allied subjects until his death in 1836, at the age of 92. He received his appointment as grand master general from Christian VII, q.v., King of Denmark. He was followed in this office - by the crown prince who later became Christian VIII, q.v.

Karl August (1757-1828) Duke of Saxe-Weimar, 1758-1815, and grand duke, 1815-28. Educated by his mother, Amalia. He made the acquaintance of Goethe, q.v., in 1774, and remained his lifelong friend. His court was the center of German literary leaders including Goethe, Schiller, Herder, Wieland and others. He joined the Prussian army in 1786, and remained until Jena in 1806. He joined the coalition against the French in 1813-15, and was influential at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. He was an advanced liberal in politics. He was initiated in the Lodge "Amalia" in 1782.

Karl Ludwig Friedrich (17411816) Duke of Mecklemburg-Strelitz, 1794-1815. Entered the English army and became a lieutenant general and governor of Hanover. He was initiated in 1766, and entered the rite of strict observance in 1767, becoming Superior et Protector Ordinis of Hanover in 1772. In 1780, after the decline of the strict observance, he entered regular Freemasonry anew and was elected patron of the United Grand Lodges of Brunswick in the duchy of Mecklemburg. In 1806 he was appointed English provincial grand master in the province of Hanover, and he there formed one of the rare Royal Arch chapters that existed in Germany.

Karl Wilhelm Friedrich (17361806) Margrave of BrandenburgAnspach. He was initiated in 1754, and in 1766 signed the act of strict observance in favor of unknown superiors. After 1769 he transferred the lodge Zur Sonne from Bayreuth to Anspach.

Benjamin Kavanaugh (1805-1888) Missionary to the Indians and first grand master of Grand Lodge of Wisconsin. Born in Kentucky, he was a versatile man who was by turn a bookbinder, a tanner, a flatboat-man, a preacher, an editor, an author of books on astronomy and geology, and finally a physician. He entered the fraternity at the insistence of his mother. He was raised by the grand master of Kentucky in Winchester in 1840, and affiliated with Naphtali Lodge No. 25, St. Louis Mo.-in 1841. While there he established a mission to the Sioux and Chippewa Indians under the Illinois Conference of the Methodist church, and settled in Platteville, Wis. with his family. On Jan. 10, 1843 a charter for Melody lodge of that city (No. 2) from the

5 Stuart E. Kay Grand Lodge of Missouri, named him master. In 1844-45 he became the first grand master of the Grand Lodge of Wisconsin, but moved to Kentucky in the second year of his term. During the Civil War he served as a chaplain and surgeon with the Confederate Army, being a resident of Texas at that time. d. July 3, 1888 in Boonsboro, Ky. He was buried at Mt. Sterling, Ky. and in 1936 the Grand Lodge of Wisconsin erected a monument to him there.

Stuart E. Kay Vice President and Director of International Paper Co. b. Nov. 30, 1896 in Montreal, Canada. Graduate of McGill U. in 1921. He came to the U.S. in 1922 and was naturalized in 1945. Has been with International Paper since 1922; manager in charge of manufacturing since 1937, vice president since 1951, and director from 1956. He is also a director of the Montague Machine Co., Kay Mfg. Co., Ltd., Arizona Chemical Co., and Androscoggin Reservoir Co. Served with Canadian army overseas in WWI. Mason.

Victor C. Kays President of Arkansas State College, Jonesboro, Ark., from 1910. b. July 24, 1882 in Magnolia, Ill. Graduate of Northern Ill. State Teachers Coll., U. of Illinois, New Mexico Coll. of Agriculture. Member of Jonesboro Lodge No. 129 and past master of same; exalted in Jonesboro Chapter No. 79 and past high priest; knighted in Ivanhoe Cornmandery No. 18 and past commander. All of Jonesboro, Ark.

Robert H. Kazmayer Lecturer and news commentator. b. Nov., 1908 in Rush, N.Y. Ordained Methodist Episcopal deacon in 1932, elder in 1932, and held pastorates in New York until 1939, when he left the ministry to devote full time to writing and lecturing. He has traveled annually throughout the world, and in the 22 months following Pearl Harbor he covered 35,000 miles in 38 states,speaking in more than 350 towns on Germany, Russia, Japan, and international politics. He was the originator of the Rochester Town Hall of the Air over WHEC, and moderator of it for two years. He conducts a European seminar tour each year. Member of Ancient Craft Lodge No. 943, Rochester, N.Y. receiving degrees on Jan. 26, March 23 and May 31, 1938.

Edmund Kean (1787-1833) Greatest tragedian of his day. b. in London, he made a striking success at the Drury Lane Theatre as Shylock, Jan. 26, 1814, and followed this with Hamlet, Othello, Iago, Macbeth, Lear, and Richard III. His last stage appearance was March 12, 1833. Member of St. Mark's Lodge No. 102, Glasgow, Scotland.

Hamilton F. Kean (1862-1941) U.S. Senator from New Jersey, 1929-35. b. Feb. 27, 1862 at Ursino, N.J. A farmer and dealer in securities, he was the senior member of Kean, Taylor & Co. investments. He was a director of numerous corporations. He was made a Mason "at sight" and received all three degrees, April 10, 1929, in Essex Lodge No. 49, Elizabeth, N.J. d. Dec. 27, 1941.

Frank G. Kear Electronics engineer and inventor. b. Oct. 18, 1903 in Minersville, Pa. A physicist on staff of National Bureau of Standards, 192833, he was one of the group which developed radio range beacon and first instrument landing equipment for aircraft. He developed the first combined radio beacon and radio telephone transmitter in 1931. He pioneered in the application of directional antennas for broadcasting and participated in the development of the earth inductor compass as applied to air and water navigation. From 1933-41 he was chief engineer of Washington Institute of Technology. He was the engineer in charge of the Empire State Building television project. Raised in Miners-vile Lodge No. 222, Minersville, Pa.

6 R. Ray Keaton in June, 1925; exalted in Schuylkill Chapter No. 159, R.A.M., Minersville; greeted in Adoniram Council No. 2, R. & S.M., Washington, D.C. and knighted in DeMolay Commandery No. 4, Washington. Served as generalissimo of the commandery. Member of National Sojourners at Fort Meade, Md.

Carroll D. Kearns U.S. Congressman, 80th through 85th Congresses from Pa. b. May 7, 1900 in Youngstown, Ohio. Graduate of Chicago Musical Coll. He was a concert artist, (bass-baritone), from 1920-25, appearing in 28 states. From 1920-24 he was a radio artist in Chicago, and a choral and instrumental conductor until 1944. He engaged in the building business in Chicago from 1925-29. He was in the public school systems of Chicago and Greenville, Pa. and head of department of music at Slippery Rock (Pa.) State Teachers Coll., and superintendent of schools at Farrell, Pa. In 1946 he received the American Legion Distinguished Service award. Member of Eureka Lodge No. 290, Greenville, Pa., receiving degrees on Feb. 27, March ?, and April 25, 1939.

Charles C. Kearns (1869-1931) U.S. Congressman, 64th through 71st Congresses (1915-31) from 6th Ohio dist. b. Feb. 10, 1869 at Tonica, Ill. Graduate of Cincinnati Law School and admitted to the bar in 1894. In 1900-01, he was managing editor of the Las Vegas Daily Record (N.M.), and of the Hot Springs Daily Record (Ark.) in 1901-02. Member of Amelia Lodge No. 590, Amelia, Ohio, receiving degrees on Oct. 28, 1919, Sept. 20 and Oct. 19, 1920. d. Dec. 17, 1931.

Henry Kearns President of National U.S. Junior Chamber of Commerce, 1945-46. b. April 30, 1911 in Salt Lake City, Utah. In automobile sales at Pasadena, Calif. from 1933-41. In 1942 he organized and was vice president of the Victory Manufacturing Co., Los Angeles, and has been president and general manager since 1943. Owner of Kearns Car Rental and Orange Oaks Ranch; president of San Gabriel Valley Motors and Rio Hondo Development Co. In 1944 he was designated as the Outstanding Young Man of Calif. Raised May 27, 1937 in Corona Lodge No. 324, Calif. and affiliated with Carmelita Lodge No. 599 (Calif.) on Jan. 8, 1942.

Lawrence Kearny ( 1789- 186 8 ) Commodore, U.S. Navy, who was instrumental in opening up China to U.S. trade in 1844. b. Nov. 30, 1789 in Perth Amboy, N.J. Entered Navy as a midshipman in 1807, serving on the ships Constitution, President, and Enterprise. In the War of 1812 he was assigned to the coastal defense of South Carolina and adjacent states. He later distinguished himself in the West Indies and gulf coast waters, against pirates. Placed in command of the Warren in 1826, he broke up a stronghold of Greek pirates and captured several of their vessels. Made captain on return to U.S. in 1832, and given command of the Potomac. In 1841 he commanded the East India squadron and was active in the suppression of opium smuggling, and secured the rights of American merchants in China. Learning of an impending commercial treaty between the Chinese and England, he demanded the same for the U.S., and as a result such a treaty was ratified, July 1845. In 1843 he stopped at the Hawaiian Islands and there protested against the treaty then in progress to transfer those islands to the British. He was made commodore on the retired list in April, 1867. Kearny was raised in Columbian Lodge, Boston, Mass. on July 12, 1815. d. Nov. 29, 1868.

R. Ray Keaton Director-General of Lions, International, and editor of The Lion since 1950. b. Sept. 11, 1907 in Weatherford, Texas. Received B.A. and M.A. degrees from Southern

7 Harold A. Keats Methodist U. Taught in Weatherford, Tex. high school, 1929-34. From 193439 he was a special representative of Lions, Texas secretary, 1939-45, and assistant secretary general, 1945-50. Member of Phoenix Lodge No. 275, Weatherford, Texas, receiving degrees on June 9, Dec. 23, 1937 and Oct. 27, 1939. Knight Templar and Shriner.

Harold A. Keats National Commander of Amvets, 1948-49. b. Bridgeport, Conn. Oct. 25, 1913. Owner of Harold A. Keats Construction Co., Fort Lauderdale, Fla. since 1936, and The Progress Co., Washington, D.C. since 1949. He was vice commander of the Amvets in 1947, and liaison officer to the White House since 1949. He has been national administrator of the Amvets National Service Foundation since 1949. He succeeded General John J. Pershing, q.v., as U.S. commissioner of American Battle Monuments Commission in 1950. Served in Navy in 1942-45, and on temporary duty in Korea in 1951. Mason, 32° AASR and Shriner.

Charles Keck Sculptor. b. in New York City. Studied at National Academy of Design and American Academy in Rome. In 1899 he was first prize winner in Prix de Rome in open competition. His principal works are: George Washington, Buenos Aires; U.S.S. Maine memorial tablets; Lewis and Clark, Charlottesville, Va.; Stonewall Jackson, Charlottesville, Va.; Booker T. Washington, Tuskegee, Ala.; U.S. Friendship Monument, Rio de Janeiro; Citizen Soldier, Irvington, N.J.; Soldiers' Memorial, Brooklyn, N.Y.; Liberty Monument, Ticonderoga, N.Y.; Sesquicentennial half dollar of Vermont; busts of Elias Howe, Patrick Henry, and James Madison in Hall of Fame, New York U.; Shriners' Peace Monument, Toronto, Canada; Abraham Lincoln, Wabash, Ind.; Charles Aycock, in U.S. Hall of Fame, Washington D.C.; Andrew Jackson, Kansas City, Mo.; James B. Duke, Durham, N.C.; Father Duffy Monument, Times Square, N.Y.; Huey P. Long, at Baton Rouge, La. and Washington, D.C.; sarcophagus of Alfred I. duPont, Wilmington, Del.; Alfred E. Smith, New York City; Harry S. Truman, for Senate wing of U.S. Capitol; and many others. Member of Green-point Lodge No. 403, Brooklyn, N.Y. and Brooklyn Shrine Temple. In 1940 he received the New York Grand Lodge medal for distinguished achievement.

Frank B. Keefe (1887-1952) U.S. Congressman to 76th through 81st Congresses (1939-51) from 6th Wis. dist. b. Sept. 23, 1887. Graduate of U. of Michigan in 1910. Admitted to the bar in that year and began practice in Oshkosh. Member of Oshkosh Lodge No. 27, Oshkosh, Wis. at time of his death, Feb. 5, 1952. Also 32° AASR (NJ) and Shriner.

Walter N. Keener (1880-1932) Newspaper editor. b. Aug. 2, 1880 in Lincoln Co., N.C. Graduate of Wake Forest (N.C.) Coll. Edited many N.C. newspapers including Lincoln County News, Lincolnton; city editor Raleigh Times, 1909-11; managing editor Durham Sun, 1912-13; city editor, Charlotte Chronicle, 1913-14; managing editor High Point Enterprise, 1914-16; editor Wilmington Dispatch, 1917-18; editor in chief Durham Evening Sun from 1929. Mason. d. Nov. 25, 1932.

Hugh L. Keenleyside Canadian diplomat and politician. b. July 7, 1898 in Toronto, Ont., Canada. First secretary of Canadian mission to Japan in 1929-36; counsellor, 1940-41; assistant undersecretary of state for external affairs, 1941-44; Canadian ambassador to Mexico, 1944-47; deputy minister of resources, 1947-50, Canadian delegate to United Nations general assembly, 1946; member of Canadian-U.S. Joint Board of Defense, 1940-45; on staff of Northwest Territories Council, 1941-45; and chairman of council 1947-50. Served with tank group in WWI. Mason.

8 James Kieth Estes Kefauver U.S. Senator from Tennessee since 1948. b. July 26, 1903 in Madisonville, Tenn. Graduate of U. of Tennessee and Yale. In law practice in Chattanooga. Member of 76th 49) from 3rd Tenn. dist. In 1937 re-through 80th U.S. congresses (1939- ceived "Most Outstanding Young Citizen" award from Junior Chamber of Commerce. A defender of the TVA, and original sponsor of legislation to give District of Columbia residents home rule and right to vote. Author of Kefauver Peace Plan to foster cooperation among free peoples. A contender for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1952. Member of Chattanooga Lodge No. 199, Chattanooga, Tenn. and 32° AASR (SJ), in Knoxville Consistory, Chattanooga, Member of Alhambra Shrine Temple and Ben Ali Grotto, both of Chattanooga.

J. Claude Keiper (1869-1944) Secretary of the Grand Masters' Conference from 1027 until his death. b. in St. Nicholas, Pa. Raised in Columbia Lodge No. 3, Washington, D.C., Jan. 16, 1895; he was grand master of the Grand Lodge of District of Columbia in 1911, the centennial year. Noted speaker, Masonic jurist, and historian. Member of York Rite and 33° AASR (SJ). He was head of the Red Cross of Constantine (West). d. in 1944. - Alexander Keith (1795-1873) Canadian philanthropist and legislator. b. Oct. 5, 1795 in Halkirk, Seotland. He learned the brewing trade in Sunderland, England, and founded the brewing business of A. Keith & Sons, Halifax, N.S., in 1820. Served as alderman and mayor of Halifax, 1840-54; on legislative council of Nova Scotia, 1843-73. Was initiated in the Lodge of St. John No. 118 (EC) Sunderland, England on July 23, 1836 and joined Virgin Lodge No. 3, Halifax in 1817; provincial grand master of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and New-foundland, 1840-63 and at the same time provincial grand master of the Grand Lodge of Scotland in Nova Scotia, 1845-66 (two rival bodies). He was grand master of the present Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia, 187073; grand high priest of Grand Chapter R.A.M. of Nova Scotia in 1869; and provincial grand prior, Knights Templar, over the Atlantic provinces in 1863. d. Dec. 14, 1873.

James Keith (?-?) Lieutenant General in Russian Army under Peter II. A Scotsman, he was provincial grand master of Russia under the Grand Lodge of England. He is sometimes confused with his cousin, James Keith, whose brother, John Keith, Earl of Kintore, was grand master in 1740. James was the son of William, 9th Earl of Marischal and brother of George, 10th Earl of Marischal. A great affection existed between the brothers as they were both forced to flee Britian due to their participation in the rebellion on the Pretender's side. Their estates were seized and given to his cousin, John, Earl of Kintore. James entered the services of the king of Spain, but being a staunch Protestant, found that he could not continue in the service of the Roman Catholic king, although the latter appreciated him and recommended him to Peter II of Russia. The Spanish king presented him with a thousand crowns when he left and begged him to return if he found it possible to throw his lot with the Roman Catholic Church. In Feb., 1740, James revisited London, and was presented to George II, whom he acknowledged as his lawful sovereign. He also was present at the communication of the Grand Lodge of England held March 28, 1740 which his cousin, John, the Earl of Kintore, who had received his estates, presided over as grand master. His name is recorded on the minutes as "James Keith, Esq; Lieutenant General in the Service of Russia." His appointment as provincial

9 Clarence B. Kelland grand master of Russia, therefore, would have been at the hands of his cousin, the grand master for 1740-41. He distinguished himself in the Russian wars against the Turks and Sweden. Russian Masons sang a song composed in his honor, praising him for "building the Temple to Wisdom," for "lighting the sacred fire," and for "establishing brotherhood." He was frequently mentioned by Carlyle in his voluminous Life of Frederick the Great.

Clarence B. Kelland Author. b. July 11, 1881 at Portland, Mich. Graduate of Detroit Coll. of Law in 1902. From 1903-07 he was a reporter, political editor, and Sunday editor of the Detroit News. From 1907-15 was editor of The American Boy. He has authored approximately a book per year between 1913 and 1956. His first was Mark Tidd (1913), which was followed by several more of the "Mark Tidd" series. Others have included Scattergood Baines (1921); The Hidden Spring; Valley of the Sun; Sugar-foot; Archibald the Great; This Is My Son; Stolen Goods; The Great Mail Robbery; No Escape; Dangerous Angel; and Murder Makes an Entrance (1956). He was Republican National Committeeman from Arizona in 1940. Raised in Palestine Lodge No. 357, Detroit, Mich., in 1904.

Harry Kellar (1849-1922) Magician. b. July 11, 1849 in Erie, Pa. As a young man he was assistant to the "Fakir of Ava," the magician. In 1867 he joined the Davenport Brothers, spirit mediums, as business manager. With Fay he toured South America and Mexico as "Fay & Kellar" in 1871-73. He was with Ling Look and Yamadura under the name "Kellar, Ling Look & Yamadura, Royal Illusionists," playing through South America, Africa, Australia, India, China, Philippines, and Japan. Both Look and Yamadura died in China in 1877. He was then with J. H. Cunard as"Kellar & Cunard," traveling five years through India, Burma, Siam, Java, Persia, Asia Minor, Egypt, and Mediterranean ports. From 1884 he performed in leading American cities. He was made a Mason in May, 1875 in Lodge Fraternidad y Home at Pelotas, Brazil; received the Royal Arch Degree on the Isle of Mauritius (Port Luis). In 1880 he received the Scottish Rite degrees in Triple Esperance Lodge, Port Luis, Mauritius, and 33° AASR in New York City. d. March 10, 1922.

Kaufman Thuma Keller President of Chrysler Corp., 1935-50, Chairman of Board, 1950-56. Retired. b. Nov. 27, 1885 in Mount Joy, Pa. He found his first job in Pittsburgh at 20 cents an hour, and at times had to borrow on his grandfather's gold watch—which he still has today. He was first an apprentice machinist with Westinghouse, and subsequently assistant superintendent of its automobile engine department; chief inspector of Detroit Metals Products Co.; general foreman of machine shop of Metzger Motor Car Co.; Hudson Motor Car Co. as chief inspector of Maxwell plant; general master mechanic of Buick Motor Co., 1916-19; with General Motors central office at Detroit, 1919-21; vice president of Chevrolet Motor Co., 1921-24; general manager of Canada for same, 1924-26; vice president of Chrysler Corp., from 1926-35. In 1954 he was director of guided missiles in office of Secretary of Defense. Received Gourgas Medal (AASR, NJ) in 1952. Member of Fellowship Lodge No. 490, Flint, Mich., receiving degrees in 1919; later member of Corinthian Lodge No. 241, Detroit (1944) and life member of Cedar Lodge No. 270, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada. Exalted in King Cyrus Chapter No. 133, R.A.M. and knighted in Detroit Commandery No. 1, K.T. 33° AASR (NJ) Valley of Detroit; member of National Sojourners, Moslem Shrine Temple, Boulevard Shrine Club, Walter P..

10 Christopher Kelly Chrysler Shrine Club and St. Clement Conclave No. 39, Red Cross of Constantine, all of Detroit.

William H. Keller (1869-1945) Judge, Superior Court of Pennsylvania, 1919-45. b. Aug. 11, 1869 in Montgomery Co., Md. Graduate of Franklin and Marshall Coll. and George Washington U. Admitted to the bar in 1893, and began practice at Lancaster, Pa. Presiding judge of the superior court from 1935. Member of Lodge No. 43, (no name) Lancaster, Pa., receiving degrees on Jan. 9, Feb. 13 and March 13, 1895. Served as master in 1902. d. Jan. 17, 1945.

Francois Christophe Kellermann (1735-1820) French General; Marshal of France and Duke of Valmy. Of German descent, he commanded the Army of the Moselle in 1792, and cooperated with Dumouriez in defeating the Duke of Brunswick at Valmy on Sept. 20, 1792. Napoleon appointed him senator in 1804, and created him marshal of France and duc de Valmy. Louis XVIII created him a peer in 1814. In 1805 he was Grand Administrateur, 33°, of the Grand Orient of France.

H. Roy Kelley Architect. b. May 2, 1893 in Beacon, N.Y. In independent practice at Los Angeles since 1926. Won first prize in national home design contests in 1927-28-29-30-35, and many honor awards. Has designed many residences, churches, clubs and buildings. Mason.

Alexander, 6th Earl of Kellie Twenty-fourth Grand Master Mason of Scotland (1763-64) and Grand Master of Grand Lodge of England in 1760-65.

Abraham L. Kellogg (1860-1946) Justice, Supreme Court of New York, 1918-30. b. May 1, 1860 in Delaware Co., N.Y. Admitted to N.Y. bar in 1883, and practiced at Oneonta. Director of International Business Machines Corp. from 1934. Member of Oneonta Lodge No. 466, receiving degrees on Oct. 16, Nov 18, Dec. 12, 1890. d. Aug. 25, 1946.

Frank B. Kellogg (1856-1937) Secretary of State under President Coolidge; U.S. Senator; Ambassador to England; Nobel Peace Prize winner and Judge of Permanent Court of International Justice. b. Dec. 22, 1856 in Potsdam, N.Y. He went to Minnesota with his parents in 1865, received a common school education, and was admitted to the bar in 1877. He later received honorary degrees from many universities. Gained fame in prosecution of oil and railroad trusts for the U.S. He was U.S. senator from Minn. from 1917-23, and U.S. ambassador to England in 1924. He served as secretary of state from 1925-29. From 193035 he was judge of the Permanent Court of International Justice, and received the Nobel Prize in 1929. He was a member of Rochester Lodge No. 21, receiving his degrees, April 1, April 19, and May 3, 1880. d. Dec. 21, 1937.

Frederick W. Kellogg (1866-1940) Newspaper publisher. b. Dec. 7, 1866 in Norwalk, Ohio. Associated with Detroit News and Scripps-McRae League from 1887-99. In 1900, with two others, established the Omaha Daily News, St. Paul Daily News, Minneapolis Daily News. From 191925 was part owner of Los Angeles Evening Express. Founded Pasadena Evening Post in 1919. He was president and principal stockholder of the Kellogg Newspapers, Inc., which included papers in the following Calif. cities: Pasadena, Monrovia, Hollywood, Glendale, Santa Monica, Venice, Redondo, Hermosa, San Pedro, Alhambra, and Culver City. Sold all in 1928 and retired. Affiliated with Southern California Lodge No. 278 of Los Angeles on April 2, 1866 from Albert Pike Lodge No. 219, Kansas City, Mo. d. Sept. 5, 1940.

11 James K. Kelly mous work of Samuel Lee entitled The Temple of Solomon, Pourtrayed by Scripture Light. He published it under his name as Solomon's Temple Spiritualized, etc. and prefaced the book with "An Address to All Free and Accepted Masons." The first edition was published at Dublin in 1803. He came to the U.S., and published a second edition in 1820. He was, unfortunately, a Freemason. The thought behind these volumes seems to be founded on John Bunyan's Solomon's Temple Spiritualized.

James K. Kelly (1819-1903) U.S. Senator from Oregon, 1871-77. b. Feb. 16, 1819 in Centre Co. Pa. Received degrees from Princeton in 1839 and 1842. Admitted to Pa. bar in 1842. Went to Calif. in 1849, and to Oregon Territory (Portland) in 1851. In 1852 he was one of the committee of three appointed to draw up the laws of the territory. He served as a volunteer against the Yakima Indians in 1855-56, and was a member of the territorial council in 1853-57. In the latter year he was one of the framers of the Oregon constitution. A member of the state senate in 1860-64, he was chief justice of the supreme court of Oregon from 1879-81. Member of Multnomah Lodge No. 1, Oregon City, Oreg. d. 1903.

Percy IL Kelly (1870-1949) Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Oregon, 1941-42. b. July 13, 1870 in Arlington, Iowa. Admitted to Oregon bar in 1892, and practiced at Albany until 1911. State senator, 1898-1902; circuit judge, 1911-30. Associate justice supreme court of Oregon, 1930-40, chief justice, 1941-42, and associate justice 1943-49. Member of St. Johns Lodge No. 17, Albany, Oreg., receiving degrees on Aug. 6, Sept. 12 and Oct. 16, 1894; master in 1920 and life member. Dual membership in Research Lodge No. 198. d. June 14, 1949.

William Kelly (1770-1832) U.S. Senator from Alabama, 1823-25. b. in Tennessee. He studied law and practiced in Huntsville, Ala., and afterward in Elyton, near what is now Birmingham. About 1831 he moved to New Orleans. Listed as a Mason in the Alabama Grand Lodge proceedings of 1822.

James P. Kern U.S. Senator from Missouri, 1946-52. b. April 2, 1890 in Macon, Mo. Graduate of U. of Mo. in 1910 and Harvard in 1913. Practiced law in Kansas City, Mo. since 1926. Served with Infantry in WWI. Member of Ivanhoe Lodge No. 446, Kansas City, Mo.

Benjamin T. Kemerer (1874-?) Protestant Episcopal Bishop. b. Dec. 9, 1874 at Vernon Center, Minn. He began as editor of a country newspaper at 16, and later proofreader for West Publishing Co. He was then salesman, and advertising manager for Simmons Hardware, St. Louis. In 1903 he became a P.E. deacon, and priest in 1904, serving churches in St. Louis, El Paso, Texas, Duluth, Minn. In 1930 he was elected bishop coadjutor of Duluth, and bishop in 1933. Upon the union of the dioceses of Duluth and Minn. in 1944, he became suffragan bishop of Minn., retiring in 1948. Mason.

Edwin C. Kemp U.S. Consul. b. Aug. 24, 1884 in East Douglas, Mass. Between the years 1914 and 1935 he was American consul at St. Pierre-Miquelon, Marseilles, (France); Tunis; Bucharest; Budapest; Danzig; Havre, (France); Moncton, N.B., (Canada). He was consul general at Winnipeg, Man., 1935-37; Bremen, Germany, 1937-41; Halifax, N.S., 194145; Kingston, Jamaica, 1946-47. Now retired. Initiated in Adair Lodge No. 366, Kirksville, Mo. on May 30, 1910; passed Jan. 5, 1911 and raised Feb. 10, 1911 by request of Sanford Lodge No. 62, Sanford, Fla. Affiliated with St. Petersburg Lodge No. 129, St. Petersburg, Fla. about 1913. Exalted in St.

Samuel B. Kemp (1871-?) Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Hawaii from 1941. b. Dec. 26, 1871 in Austin, Texas. Graduate of U. of Texas in 1900. Practiced first at Austin and then Robert Lee, Texas. Became assistant U.S. attorney of Hawaii in 1916, judge of circuit court in 1917-18, and associate justice of supreme court of Hawaii from 1918-22, and again from 1938-41. From 1937-38 he was attorney general of Hawaii. Affiliated with Le Progres de l'Oceanie Lodge No. 371, Honolulu on April 22, 1918 from Hayrick Lodge No. 696, Texas. Suspended NPD on April 30, 1928.

James L. Kemper (1823-?) Governor of Virginia and Confederate Brigadier General in Civil War. b. June 11, 1823 in Madison Co., Va. In the Mexican War he was a captain in the army; and was a member of the Virginia legislature ten years, during two of which he was speaker of the house. He entered the Confederate service in 1861 as colonel of the 7th Virginia regiment. Commissioned brigadier general in May, 1862, he saw action in many battles, and was severely wounded and captured at Gettysburg. He was elected governor of Virginia in 1874, and at the completion of his term, engaged in planting in Orange Co., Va. Mason. Recorded present at the Grand Lodge of Virginia in 1867.

Amos Kendall (1789-1869) Postmaster General of U.S. from 1835-40. b. Aug. 16, 1789 in Dunstable, Mass. He was graduated from Dartmouth in 1811 at the head of his class. He studied law, and in 1814 moved to Lexington, Ky., where he practiced, and was tutor in the family of Henry Clay, q.v. He became postmaster and editor of a local paper at Georgetown, Ky.; and in 1816 was co-editor and part owner of the Argus of Western America at Frankfort. In politics a Democrat, he received several Federal job appointments and aided in shaping Jackson's, q.v., anti-bank policy. As postmaster general he introduced many reforms and freed the department from debt. He then established two papers, Kendall's Expositor (1841) and Union Democrat (1842), but both were soon discontinued. He became associated with the inventor, Samuel F. B. Morse in 1845, in the ownership of the latter's telegraph patents, and through his management became a rich man. He then retired to Washington, D.C., where he was active in philanthropic works. His original lodge is not known, but on Jan. 15, 1821, he affiliated with Hiram Lodge No. 4, Frankfort, Ky., and later served as its master. Later he affiliated with Mt. Vernon Lodge No. 14, Georgetown, Ky. In 1837 he is listed in the proceedings of the Grand Lodge of the District of Columbia. d. Nov. 11, 1869.

George R. Kendall President of Washington National Insurance Co., 1923-51. b. March 22, 1882 in Jefferson Co., Ky. Was with Prudential Insurance Co. for 10 years as an agent and manager. In 1911 he organized the Washington Life & Accident Ins. Co., which later became Washington National Insurance Co., and was secretary for 12 years. Now chairman of executive committee. Raised in Steubenville Lodge No. 45, Steubenville, Ohio in Feb., 1905; member of Union Chapter No. 15, R.A.M. and Steubenville Commandery No. 11, K.T. both of Steubenville. Member of Medinah Shrine Temple, Chicago, Ill.

Harry R. Kendall (1876-1958) Chairman of Board of Washington National Insurance Co., Chicago since 1926. b. May 21, 1876 in Kentucky. He was superintendent of Prudential Insurance Co. at Louisville for 30 years. President of Fidelity Life and Accident Co., Louisville for three years. Founder and past master of Harry R.

13 Nathan E. Kendall Kendall Lodge No. 750, Louisville, Ky.; first high priest of Highland Chapter No. 150, R.A.M.; member of DeMolay Commandery No. 12, K.T., Louisville, Kosair Shrine Temple. Former member of finance committee, Grand Lodge of Kentucky. Received 33° AASR (SJ) in 1955. d. April 3, 1958.

Nathan E. Kendall (1868-1936) Governor of Iowa, 1921-25. b. March 17, 1868 in Greenville, Iowa. Began law practice at Albia, Iowa in 1887. Member of lower house 1899-1909, and served as speaker his last term. U.S. congressman to 61st and 62nd congresses from 6th Iowa dist. Member of Astor Lodge No. 505, Albia, Iowa and Za Ga Zig Shrine Temple, Des Moines. d. Nov. 1936.

Samuel A. Kendall (1859-1933) U.S. Congressman, 66th through 72nd Congresses (1919-33) from 24th Pa. dist. b. Nov. 1, 1859 in Somerset Co., Pa. He was in the lumber business from 1890. From 1899-1903 he was a member of the lower house. Member of Meyersdale Lodge No. 554, Meyers-dale, Pa., being admitted Aug. 25, 1890. d. Jan. 8, 1933.

Baynard H. Kendrick Author. b. April 8, 1894 in Philadelphia, Pa. President of Trades Publishing Co., Philadelphia, 1928; general manager Peter Clark, Inc., N.Y.C., 1929; general manager Bing & Bing's Hotels, N.Y.C., 1930-31. He has been a free lance writer since 1932, writing books, and for CBS television. Enlisted in Canadian Army within one hour after that country declared war in Aug. 1914. In WWII he was a consultant to the staff of Old Farms Convalescent Hospital for Blinded Veterans, U.S. Army at Avon, Conn. Among his books are Blood on Lake Louisa; The Last Express; The Iron Spiders; The Whistling Hangman; Death Beyond the Go-thru; Blind Man's Bluff; Death Knell; Lights Out; Flames of Time (a Literary Guild selection), and many others. His motion pictures include The Last Express; Eyes in the Night (with Edward Arnold); The Hidden Eye; Bright Victory (Edgar Kennedy and Peggy Dow). Member of Palatka Lodge No. 34, Palatka, Fla.

John Kendrick (1745-1800) Revolutionary War privateer and explorer. b. in Boston about 1745. He later resided in Wareham, Mass. During the revolution he was captain of a privateer and was one of the first American seamen to undertake useful voyages of discovery. In 1787, when commanding the Columbia and the Washington, fitted out by Boston merchants, he explored the northwest coast of America and the islands of the Pacific. He exchanged ships with Capt. Gray, his second in command, and the latter, in a subsequent voyage, discovered the Columbia River. In 1791, with the Washington and Grace, he made a voyage to the South seas with Capt. Douglas. He visited Oceanie and originated and carried on a successful trade in sandalwood with China. His death in Hawaii in 1800 was caused by the accidental firing of a charge of grapeshot from a cannon by an English captain in returning his salute in Sandwich Island waters. He was made a Mason on Dec. 10, 1778 in St. Andrew's Lodge, Boston, Mass.

John B. Kendrick (1857-1933) Governor of Wyoming, 1915-17 and U.S. Senator, 1917-35. b. Sept. 6, 1857 in Cherokee Co., Texas. He was a cattleman in Northern Wyoming and Southern Montana from 1885, and owner of one of the largest cattle ranches in the West. Member of the Wyoming state senate, 1910-14. He was elected governor for term 191519, and was nominated for U.S. senator at the primaries in 1916, although his name did not appear on the ballots. He resigned as governor in Feb., 1917. Kendrick Dam in Wyoming is named for him. Member of Sheridan Lodge No. 8, Sheridan, Wyo., receiv-

ing degrees on Aug. 17 and 23, 1901 and April 9, 1902. Received 32° AASR (SJ) at Cheyenne on June 22, 1911. d. Nov. 3, 1933.

John R. Kenly (1822-?) Union Major General of Civil War. b. 1822 in Baltimore. He was admitted to the bar in 1845. Took part in the Mexican War as a captain and later as major. He practiced law until the Civil War, when he was commissioned colonel in June, 1861, and commanded 1st Maryland regiment. In May, 1862 he is credited with saving the forces of General Banks from capture at Front Royal. He was wounded and taken prisoner in this action, but exchanged on Aug. 15th and made brigadier general on the 22nd of that month (1862). He commanded all the forces in Baltimore, joined McClellan after the battle of Antietam and rendered efficient service at Hagerstown and Harper's Ferry. In 1863 he led the Maryland brigade at the recapture of Maryland Heights, Harper's Ferry. Was breveted major general of volunteers, March 13, 1865. His lodge is not known, but he was a member of Maryland Commandery No. 1, Baltimore, Md. There are two John R. Kenlys on the records of the grand lodge at this time. One, a member of Landmark Lodge No. 127, Baltimore, dimitted on Oct. 10, 1888; and another, a member of Warren Lodge No. 51, also of Baltimore, was suspended NPD on April 9, 1878.

Charles Rann Kennedy (1871-1950) Playwright. b. Feb. 14, 1871 in Derby, England. He became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1917. Largely self-educated, he was an office boy and clerk from 13 to 16, and was a lecturer and writer until he was 26. He then became an actor, press agent, writer of short stories, articles and poems, as well as a theatrical business manager until 1905. From 1905 he did dramatic writing mainly. His first play was The Servant in the House (1908),which had Masonic significance. Others include: The Winterfeast; The Terrible Meek; The Necessary Evil; The Idol-Breaker; The Rib of the Man; The Army With Banners; The Fool From the Hills; The Chastening; The Admiral; The Salutation; and many others. He was raised in Howard Lodge No. 35, New York City, Jan. 22, 1909 and received the honorary 33° AASR (NJ) Sept. 19, 1923. d. Feb. 16, 1950.

Donald S. Kennedy President of Oklahoma Gas & Electric Co. since 1929. b. Jan. 5, 1902 in Rushville, Ind. Graduate U. of Arizona in 1923. He began as a clerk with the Oklahoma Gas & Electric Co. in 1923, and rose through various positions to vice president in 1942, executive vice president in 1948, and president in 1949. Also president of Oklahoma Industries, Inc. 1951-53. Member of Trinity Lodge No. 502, Muskogee, Okla., receiving degrees on May 13, June 13 and July 22, 1937. Was junior steward in 1937. 32° AASR (SJ).

John D. Kennedy (1840-1896) Confederate General of Civil War. b. Jan. 5, 1840 at Camden, S.C. Soldier, lawyer and political leader. Member of Kershaw Lodge No. 29, Camden, S.C. and grand master of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina in 1881-83. d. April 14, 1896 in Camden, S.C.

John T. Kennedy Brigadier General, U.S. Army and holder of Congressional Medal of Honor. b. July 22, 1885 in Hendersonville, S.C. Graduate of U.S. Military Academy in 1908. He advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1942. With the A.E.F. in France, 1917-19. Commander of Fort Bragg, N.C., 1941-45. Retired in 1946. Member of Hancock Lodge No. 311, Ft Leavenworth, Kansas and 32° in Army Consistory No. 1, at Ft. Leavenworth.

15 Sherman S. Kennedy Ky. since 1946. b. Feb. 22, 1897 in Pulaski, Tenn. Graduate of Davidson Coll. in 1918. Admitted to Term. bar in 1924, and practiced at Pulaski until 1933, when he became vice president of the Land Bank. Served with Marine Corps in WWI. Raised in Pulaski Lodge No. 101, Pulaski, Tenn. on Jan. 8, 1925.

Sherman S. Kennedy Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy. b. Sept. 16, 1888 in Saginaw, Mich. Graduate of U.S. Naval Academy in 1909, and received master's degree from Columbia in 1914. Advanced from midshipman in 1909 to rear admiral in 1942. Was at sea from 1909-17, and then in navy yards at Norfolk and Puget Sound. Then served on U.S.S. Virginia and U.S.S. West Virgin. He returned to Puget Sound, and then Cavite, Bureau of Ships, Washington, Mare Island, and Brooklyn. From 1946 he was assistant chief of Bureau of Ships (maintenance). Mason.

T. Blake Kennedy (1874-1957) Federal Judge of District of Wyoming 1921-55. b. April 4, 1874 at Commerce, Mich. Received A.B. and A.M. from Franklin Coll. (now Muskingum) and LL.B. from Syracuse U. Practiced law in Syracuse, N.Y. 1898-1901, and moved to Cheyenne, Wyo. where he practiced until 1921. President Harding appointed him to the Federal bench, Oct. 25, 1921. Prior to his death, he was the oldest Federal judge in point of service. A Member of Cheyenne Lodge No. 1, Cheyenne, Wyo., he received his degrees on July 29, Aug. 26 and Nov. 18, 1902. He served as grand master of Wyoming in 1917 and was chairman of the jurisprudence committee for more than 30 years. Knight Templar and 33° AASR (SJ). d. May 21, 1957.

William P. Kennedy President of Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen since 1949. b. April 3, 1892 in Huttonville, Ont., Canada. He began as a "news butch" on the Rock Island Rail-road between Chicago and Des Moines in 1909. He was later a freight brakeman on the Dakota division of the Great Northern; a switchman for the Canadian Pacific, and then the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific. He was secretary general of the Trainmen's grievance committee in 1920, and chairman of same from 1921-25. From 1928-35 he was a member of the board of trustees; vice president in charge of the Northwest territory, 1935-44; in charge of promotion, Chicago, 1944-46; general secretary and treasurer 1946-49. Initiated in Minnehaha Lodge No. 165, Minneapolis, Minn. in 1916; 32° AASR (NJ) and member of Zurah Shrine Temple, all of Minneapolis.

Clarence B. Kenney President and Director of Allstate Life Insurance Co. since 1957. b. Feb. 9, 1898 in New Albany, Ind. Graduate of U. of Chicago in 1923. With Retail Credit Co., Chicago, 1923-24; National Bond and Investment Co., 1925; General Motors Acceptance Corp., 1926-28 and Hardware Mutual Casualty Co., 1929-31. Went with Allstate Insurance Co., Chicago, in 1931, and was vice president and secretary from 1942-57. Served overseas in WWI, 1917-20. Mason and member of Acacia fraternity.

George C. Kenney General, U.S. Air Force. b. Aug. 6, 1889 in Yarmouth, N.S., Canada. He was a civil engineer with railroads in Canada and U.S. from 1911-14. He entered the construction business in Boston in 1915, and became president of Beaver Contracting and Engineering Corp. in 1916. Commissioned 1st lieutenant in 1917, he was promoted through grades to general in March, 1945, and retired in Aug., 1951. He commanded the 4th Air Force in 1942; the 5th Air Force in the Southwest Pacific in 1944; Allied Air Forces and Far East Air Forces in Southwest Pacific, 1944-45; Pacific Air Command, U.S. Army, 1945-46; Senior U.S. military

16 William E. Kepner representative with U.N. in 1946; and commanding general of Strategic Air Command, 1946-48. In 1948-51 he was commanding general of the Air University. Since retirement he has been president of the National Arthritis and Rheumatism Fund. Member of Bethesda Lodge, Brighton, Mass. since 1913 and member of St. Paul's Chapter, R.A.M., Boston, Mass.

Richard R. Kenney (1856-1931) U.S. Senator from Delaware, 18971901. b. Sept. 9, 1856 in Sussex Co., Del. Admitted to the bar in 1881, and practiced at Dover. He was state librarian, 1879-83, and adjutant general of state, 1887-91. Member of Union Lodge No 7, Dover, Del. d. Aug. 14, 1931.

Robert F. Kennon Governor of Louisiana, 1952-56. b. Aug. 21, 1902 at Minden, La. Graduate of Louisiana State U. in 1923 and 1925. Practiced law at Minden from 1925-41. He was district attorney of the 26th judicial district for eleven years, and judge of the Louisiana court of appeal, 194245. From 1945-46 he was a justice of the supreme court of Louisiana. He was chairman of the Governors' Conference in 1954-55. Served as an officer overseas in WWI from 1941-45. Member of Minden Lodge No. 51, Minden, La., receiving degrees on Aug. 21 and Dec. 27, 1923, and April 11, 1924. Served as master in 192930 and grand master of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana in 1936-37. 32° AASR (SJ), at Baton Rouge. Member of Minden Chapter No. 55, R.A.M. and Crusader Commandery No. 21, K.T., both of Minden. Served as high priest and commander. Member of Shrine and Red Cross of Constantine.

Michael Kenny (1863-1946) Jesuit priest and Anti-Masonic author. b. June 28, 1863 in GlanKeen, Tipperary, Ireland. He came to the U.S. in 1886, and was naturalized in 1892. Joined the Jesuits in 1886, and was ordained Roman Catholic priest in 1897. Hewas one of the founders of America, a Catholic weekly, in New York City in 1908, and associate editor of same until 1915. Taught in Catholic universities throughout the country. Wrote American Masonry in 1926 and American Masonry and Catholic Education in 1927. d. Nov. 22, 1946.

W. Wallace Kent Federal Judge, Michigan, since 1954. b. May 1, 1916, at Galesburg, Mich. Graduate of Western Michigan Coll., 1937, and U. of Michigan, 1940. Admitted to the bar in 1940, practicing at Kalamazoo. Member of Anchor of S.O. Lodge No. 87; Kalamazoo Chapter No. 13, R.A.M.; Kalamazoo Council, No. 63, R. & S.M.; Peninsular Commandery No. 8, K.T., all of Kalamazoo, Mich. 32° AASR (NJ) at Grand Rapids, Mich.

William E. Kepner Lieutenant General, U.S. Air Force, and pioneer aviator. b. Jan. 6, 1893 in Miami, Ind. He served as a private in the Marine Corps in 1909-13, and with Indiana national guard in Mexican Border, 191617. Commissioned in cavalry in 1917, but transferred to infantry, and advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1942, major general, 1943, and lieutenant general in 1950. Participated in six major engagements in WWI. He transferred to Air Service in 1920, and won the Litchfield trophy and National Balloon Race in 1928. In the same year he won the King Albert trophy in the Gordon Bennett International Balloon Race. He was test pilot for U.S. Navy metal-clad airship ZMC-2 in 1929, and in 1934 piloted and commanded the National Geographic Society-Army Air stratosphere balloon flight. He participated in the first transcontinental blind flight for airplane as escort pursuit plane for Maj. Ira Eaker in 1936. He commanded the First Army Air Force

17 Aleksandr Feodorovich Kerenski in 1941; 2nd Air Division, 8th Air Force, 1944-45; 8th Air Force, European Theater of Operations, 1945; 9th Air Force, 1945; deputy commander of aviation, atomic bomb tests, Bikini, 1946; commanding general, A.A.F. technical training command, St. Louis, 1946; chief of special weapons group, Hq. U.S.A.F., 1947; commander air forces and deputy commander atom bomb tests at Eniwetok, 1948. Later commander-in-chief of U.S. Alaskan command. He was vice president of Bell Aircraft Corp., Buffalo, N.Y. 1953-55, and since 1955 has been chairman of board of directors of Radiation, Inc. Fla. Mason, 32° AASR and member of Aahmes Shrine Temple, Oakland, Calif.

Aleksandr Feodorovich Kerenski Russian revolutionary leader. After the first Bolshevik revolution of Feb., 1917, he was made minister of justice in the provisional government, and later minister of war. He succeeded Prince Lvov in July, 1917 as prime minister, but was overthrown by the revolution of Nov., 1917 because of his moderate policies and indecision. He fled to Paris where he edited the Social Revolutionary paper, Dni. He is said to have been a Freemason, as well as most of the members of his short-lived regime.

John W. Kern, Jr. Chief Judge of U.S. Tax Court, 1949-55. b. July 7, 1900 in Indianapolis, son of John W. Kern, q.v., former U.S. Senator. Graduate of Washington and Lee U. and Harvard. Admitted to the bar in 1923, and practiced in Indianapolis until 1931. He was subsequently U.S. commissioner; superior court judge; mayor of Indianapolis; law professor at Indiana Law School; and member of U.S. Board of Tax Appeals, 1937-42. Since 1942 he has been a judge of the U.S. Tax Court. Received degrees in Oriental Lodge No. 500, Indianapolis, Ind. Dimitted Nov. 9, 1937.

John W. Kern, Sr. (1849-1917) U.S. Senator from Indiana, 1911-17. b. Dec. 20, 1849 in Alto, Ind. Graduate of U. of Michigan in 1869, and practiced law in Kokomo from that date until 1885, when he moved to Indianapolis. He was a candidate for governor twice, and Democratic nominee for vice president of the U.S. in 1908. Father of John W. Kern, Jr., q.v. Member of Mystic Tie Lodge No. 398, Indianapolis, Ind. and 32° AASR (NJ). d. Aug. 17, 1917.

Richard A. Kern Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy, physician. b. Feb. 20, 1891 in Columbia, Pa. Graduate of U. of Pennsylvania in 1910, and 1914 (AB and MD). Instructor, associate, assistant professor, and professor of medicine 1919-46 at U. of Pennsylvania. Head of department of medicine at Temple U. since 1946. Served in the Medical Corps, U.S. Navy in WWI. On active duty in WWII in South Pacific from 1942-44 on Halsey's staff. From 1944-46 he was chief of medicine at the Naval Hospital, Philadelphia. Rank of commodore in 1945, and from 1952-55 held rank of rear admiral. He has been consultant to the surgeon general of the Army since 1947, and same to Navy since 1949. He was chief of the division of general medicine, Veterans Administration, 1946-47. He was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania in 1945-46, and is an active member of the Supreme Council, 33° AASR (NJ) . Received degrees in University Lodge No. 610, Philadelphia, Pa., in March, April and May, 1923. Member of Columbia Chapter No. 91, RA.M.; Philadelphia Council No. 11, R. & S.M.; and Mary Commandery No. 36, K.T., all of Philadelphia. Member of Lulu Shrine Temple and Philadelphia Chapter No. 16, National Sojourners.

Andrew Kerr Football coach. b. Oct. 7, 1878 in Cheyenne, Wyo. Graduate of Dickinson Coll. (Carlisle, Pa.) in 1900. Began as a teacher and foot-

18 Joseph B. Kershaw ball coach in Johnstown, Pa., and subsequently in Pittsburgh. From 191422 he was athletic coach at U. of Pittsburgh; Stanford U., 1922-26; Washington and Jefferson Coll., 1926-29; Colgate U., 1929-47 (now emeritus); and Lebanon Valley Coll., 1947-50. He has coached the East team of the annual East-West Shrine charity game at San Francisco since 1927. Became member of the Football Hall of Fame in 1951. Raised in Wilkinsburg Lodge No. 683, Wilkinsburg, Pa. in 1922; 32° AASR (NJ) at Pittsburgh; Grotto in Hamilton, N.Y. Holds honorary membership in many Shrine temples.

John L. Kerr (1780-1844) U.S. Senator from Maryland, 1841-43. b. Jan. 15, 1780 near Annapolis, Md. Graduate of St. John's Coll., Annapolis, in 1799, studied law, and practiced at Easton. He served two terms as U.S. congressman from Maryland, 1825-29 and 1831-33. He edited the History of Maryland written by his uncle, John L. Bozman. Schultz in his History of Freemasonry in Maryland states that he was a charter member of St. Thomas' Lodge No. 37, organized in 1803 at Easton, Md. In 1823 he is listed as a member of Cambridge Lodge No. 66, Cambridge, Md., and as a past master of that lodge in the proceedings of 1825. The proceedings of 1830 give him as a member of Coates Lodge No. 76, Easton. d. Feb. - 21, 1844.

Michael C. Kerr ( 1827 - 1876 ) Speaker of House of Representatives. b. March 15, 1827 in Titusville, Pa. Graduate in law of Louisville U. (Ky.) in 1851, and began practice in New Albany, Ind. Served one term in the state legislature; was reporter of the supreme court; and served in U.S. congress from 1864-72, and again in 1875-76. He was elected speaker of the house, Dec. 6, 1875, but his health was failing rapidly from tuberculosis, and he served only through the first session of congress, dying four daysafter its adjournment. He was a member of Jefferson Lodge No. 104, New Albany, Ind. and was buried Masonic-ally. d. Aug. 19, 1876.

Robert S. Kerr Governor of Oklahoma, 1943-47 and U.S. Senator from Oklahoma since 1949. b. Sept. 11, 1896 in Ada, Okla. Admitted to the bar in 1922, and practiced in Ada. He has been a drilling contractor and oil producer since 1926, and is president of the Kerr-McGee Oil Industries, Inc. He was keynoter for the Democratic national convention of 1944. He is chairman of board of West Central Broadcasting Co., and in 1944 was chairman of the Oklahoma Baptist General Convention. He served in WWI as a 2nd lieutenant in the field artillery. Member of Ada Lodge No, 118, Ada, Oklahoma.

Joseph B. Kershaw (1822-1894) Confederate Major General in Civil War. b. Jan. 5, 1822 in Camden, S.C. He was admitted to the bar in 1843, and was a member of the state senate in 1852-57. He raised the 2nd South Carolina regiment for the Confederate Army and commanded it in the first Battle of Bull Run in July, 1861. He was made brigadier general, Feb. 13, 1862, and commanded a brigade in McLaw's division through the peninsular campaign of that year, and afterward held the sunken road at Fredericksburg. His command led the attack of Longstreet's corps at Gettysburg, where he lost more than half his brigade. After the Battle of Chickamauga and the siege of Knoxville, he returned to Va. in 1864, as major general and commanded a division of Lee's army in the final campaigns. He held the National forces in check at Spottsylvania until the arrival of Lee; was at Cold Harbor in Early's campaign, and in the rear of Lee's army when he surrendered on April 6, 1865. He was imprisoned at Fort Warren until July, 1865. He returned to his law practice at Camden; was

19 William Kettner a member of the state senate, serving as its president, and in 1877 became a circuit judge. He was a member of Kershaw Lodge No. 29 at Camden, and served as grand master of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, 187374. d. April 13, 1894 at Camden, S.C.

William Kettner (1864-1930) U.S. Congressman to 63rd through 66th Congresses (1913-21) from 11th Calif. dist. b. Nov. 20, 1864 in Ann Arbor, Mich. Lived in St. Paul, Minn., until 1884, when he went to Calif. as a miner, and was later in the newspaper business. Affiliated with San Dieg, Lodge No. 35, San Diego, Calif., on Feb. 1, 1908 from Visalia Lodge No. 128, Visalia, Calif. Member of San Diego Chapter No. 61, R.A.M. d. Nov. 11, 1930.

William S. Key (1889-1959) Major General, U.S. Army; oil executive. b. Oct. 6, 1889 in Dudleyville, Ala. Began in hardware business in Wewoka, Okla., in 1911, and moved to Oklahoma City in 1927, where he has since engaged in the oil business. Served as Infantry captain on Mexican border in 1916-17, and overseas 17 months in WWI. He was a major general of the 45th Division (N.G.) and in Federal service from 1940-46. Became provost marshal general of European Theater of Operations with headquarters in London in Oct. 1942 and in 1943-44 commanded all U.S. troops in Iceland. From 1944-46 he was head of the U.S. military control commission in Hungary. A candidate for governor of Oklahoma, 1938, he was defeated by only 3,000 votes. Retired from Army in 1949. From 1924-27 he was warden of the Oklahoma State Penitentiary, and later chairman of the parole board. He was Works Progress Administrator for Oklahoma in 1935-37. Raised in Seminole Lodge No. 147, Wewoka, Okla., on Aug. 15, 1913; exalted in Indian Chapter No. 1, R.A.M. McAlester in 1927; greeted in Circle Council No. 56, R. & S.M. in 1956 at Oklahoma City; and knighted in Bethlehem Comrnandery No. 45, K.T. Oklahoma City in 1927. 32° AASR (SJ) in Valley of McAlester April 29, 1920; KCCH in 1929; 33° in 1937; deputy of Supreme Council in 1950; sovereign grand inspector general in 1951 and grand master of ceremonies in 1955. Served as master of his lodge in 1921. Former director and president of Masonic Charity Foundation of Oklahoma; member of India Shrine Temple, Oklahoma City; Saba Grotto, Tulsa; past sovereign of Red Cross of Constantine; National Sojourner; active member of DeMolay Supreme Council, 1957, and member of Royal Order of Jesters and Royal Order of Scotland. d. Jan. 5, 1959.

Henry W. Keyes (1863-1938) U.S. Senator from New Hampshire, 1919-37 and Governor of New Hampshire, 1917-19. b. May 23, 1863 in Newbury, Vt. Graduate of Harvard in 1887. He engaged in farming most of his life and was president of the Woodsville (N.H.) Bank. He served in the state lower house from 1891-95, and again in 1915-17, and in the state senate from 1903-05. Raised March 18, 1897 in Grafton Lodge No. 46, Haverhill, N.H. d. June 19, 1938.

Robert H. Keys Labor leader and founder of Foreman's Association of America. b. May 11, 1912 in Cincinnati, Ohio. He founded the Foreman's Assn. in 1941, and is president and chairman of the executive board as well as managing editor of The Supervisor, its official publication. A writer on labor questions and for the advancement of supervisory employees' rights. Mason.

Aga Khan III (1877-1957) Full name was Aga Sultan Sir Mahomed Shah. Head of the Ismailian Mohammedans and son of Aga Khan II. He was one of the wealthiest men in the world. He received an European education, and was member of viceroy's council in 1002-04. In 1910 he founded

20 Harley M. Kilgore the Aligarh U. for Mohammedans. During WWI he performed great services for Great Britain, and after the war worked for a strong, free Turkey. He was the author of India in Transition (1918). He represented India at many British and international ceremonies. He owned the greatest racing stables in the world and was a Derby winner. Lettres Mensuelles, quoting the Kansas Masonic Digest, stated that he was initiated in December, 1951, and was given Masonic burial services on July 30, 1957.

Robert L. Kidd President of Cities Service Oil companies. b. July 7, 1901 in Brazil, Ind. Received AB in geology, Indiana U. in 1923. Geologist for Cities Service in Oklahoma and Kansas until 1951, when he became vice president of Cities Service Oil Co. in charge of exploration and production, as well as director. Since 1956 he has been president and director of Cities Service Co. (Del.), Cities Service Pipe Lines, Cities Service Production Co., Cities Service Oil Co., Ltd., and Lafitte Oil Traders, Inc. of Bartlesville, Okla. Also a director of other Cities Service organizations. Mason.

Ormonde A. Kieb Assistant Postmaster General since 1953. b. Aug. 17, 1901 in Springfield, Mass. Began career in the real estate business with E. J. Maier Corp., 1925. Has been president of The Kieb Co., Newark, N.J. since 1933. Received the degrees in Kane Lodge No. 55, Newark, N.J. in 1939. Dimitted Dec. 10, 1954.

Edgar R. Kiess (1875-1930) U.S. Congressman to 63rd through 71st Congresses (1913-31) from 16th Pa. dist. b. Aug. 26, 1875 in Warrensville, Pa. In real estate, he was president of the Eagles Mere Co., Eagles Mere Land Co., Raymond Hotel Co., Eagles Mere Hotel Co. and Edgar R. Kiess Co. Member of the lower house in 1904-10. Member of Muncy Lodge No. 299, Muncy, Pa., receiving degrees on Dec. 7, 1899, Jan. 4 and Feb. 1, 1900. d. July 20, 1930.

Edwin J. Kiest (1861-1941) Owner and publisher of Dallas Daily Times-Herald (Texas) from 1896. b. Sept. 24, 1861 in Cook Co., Ill. He was a newsboy in Chicago from 1871-73, and learned the printer's trade. He was a compositor in Chicago until 1889, when he went with the Western Newspaper Union, Omaha, Nebr. until 1896. He was a director of Texas A. & M. Coll. and of the Scottish Rite Crippled Children's Hospital. Member of Dallas Lodge No. 760, Dallas, Texas, receiving degrees on Jan. 4, Feb. 19, March 20, 1918 and affiliating with Keystone Lodge No. 1143, Dallas, as a charter member in 1920. d. Aug. 11, 1941.

Clarence E. Kilburn U.S. Congressman to 79th through 85th Congresses from New York. b. April 13, 1893 in Malone, N.Y. Began with Kirk-Maher Co. in 1919, and was president in 1921. Since 1930 has been president of People's Trust Co., Malone. Member of Northern Constellation Lodge No. 291, Malone, N.Y. Dimitted from chapter, commandery and shrine.

Thomas E. Kilby (1865-1943) Governor of Alabama, 1919-23. b. July 9, 1865 in Lebanon, Tenn. He was in the manufacturing business at Anniston, Ala. from 1800, and was president of Kilby Steel Co., and chairman of board of Alabama Pipe Line Co. He was a member of the state senate from 1911-15, and lieutenant governor from 1915-19. Mason, 32° AASR and Shriner. d. Oct. 22, 1943.

William, Marquess of Kildare Grand Master of Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1770 and served again in 1777 as the 2nd Duke of Leinster.

Harley M. Kilgore (1893-1956) U.S. Senator from West Virginia 1940-56. b. Jan. 11, 1893 in Brown, W.Va. Graduate of U. of West Virginia in 1914

21 Joe M. Kilgore and practiced law at Beckley, 1914-17 and 1920-32. Served as an officer with the U.S. Army in WWI. Member of Beckley Lodge No. 95, Beckley, W.Va. d. Feb. 28, 1956.

Joe M. Kilgore U.S. Congressman, 84th and 85th Congresses from 15th Texas dist. b. Dec. 10, 1918 in Brown Co., Texas. Practiced law at Edinburg, Texas, 1946-54, and member of Texas lower house during that time. Mason.

John M. Killits (1858-1938) Federal Judge, Northern District of Ohio, 1910-38. b. Oct. 7, 1858 in Lithopolis, Ohio. Graduate of Williams Coll. (three degrees) and George Washington U. (two degrees). He was editor and publisher of the Red Oak Express (Ia.) 1881-83. From 1884-87 he was secretary of chief signal officer, and edited publications of that bureau. Admitted to the bar in 1887, he practiced at Bryan, Ohio until 1904. Raised in Red Oak Lodge No. 162, Red Oak Iowa, in 1883, affiliating with Harmony Lodge No. 17, Washington, D.C., in 1885 and with Bryan Lodge No. 215, Bryan, Ohio, on March 6, 1891. d. Sept. 13, 1938.

William, 4th and last Earl of Kilmarnock Seventh Grand Master Mason of Scotland in 1742.

Aaron E. Kilpatrick (1872-1953) Landscape painter. b. April 7, 1872 in St. Thomas, Ont., Canada. Came to U.S. in 1892, and naturalized in 1912. He exhibited at the San Francisco Palace of Fine Arts, Southwest Museum of Los Angeles, Los Angeles Museum of History, and Art Institute of Chicago. Represented in many private collections. Member of Eagle Rock Lodge No. 422, Los Angeles, affiliating on June 20, 1911 from Palestine Lodge No. 351, same city. d. Aug. 16, 1953.

Arthur, Viscount of Kilwarlin Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1785, and later 2nd Marquess of Downshire.

Charles D. Kimball (1859-1930) Governor of Rhode Island, 1902-03. b. Sept. 13, 1859 in Providence, R.I. He engaged in mercantile business in Providence. He was a member of the lower house in R.I. 1894-99, and lieutenant governor of the state in 1900-01. Became a member of Adelphoi Lodge No. 33, East Providence, R.I. on Jan. 2, 1900. Member of Providence Chapter No. 1, R.A.M. and St. John's Cornmandery No. 1, K.T., both of Providence, R.I. d. Dec. 8, 1930.

George T. Kimball President of American Hardware Corp., New Britain. Conn. 1924-45 and of Corbin Lock Co. b. June 25, 1874 in Chicago, Ill. Graduate of Lake Forest Coll. in 1899. He was first an accountant in Chicago, and later lawyer and private accountant. He went with American Hardware in 1913 as an auditor. Mason and Shriner.

Nathan Kimball (1822-1898) Union Major General in Civil War. b. in Indiana Nov. 22, 1822. He served in the Mexican War as a captain of volunteers, and at the beginning of the Civil War was appointed colonel of a regiment of Indiana infantry. He took part in the operations at Cheat Mountain and Battle of Greenbrier; commanded a brigade at Battle of Winchester, and was made brigadier - general, April 15, 1862. At Antietam his brigade held its ground but lost nearly 600 men. At Fredericksburg, he was wounded. He later commanded a division in the West, and at the siege of Vicksburg in 1863. He was breveted major general Feb. 1, 1865. Member of Mt. Pleasant Lodge No. 168, Mt. Pleasant, Ind., he dimitted Feb. 20, 1869 and no further record in that state of Masonic membership. d. Jan. 21, 1898.

Ralph Kimball Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Wyoming 1931-37, and 1943-44. b. Nov. 23, 1878 at Nevada, Mo. Admitted to Missouri bar in 1899, he moved to Lander, Wyo. in 1901.

22 Charles King He served one term in the lower house of that state, and was a district judge for two years, but resigned in 1920 to become associate justice of the supreme court of Wyoming. He retired from the supreme court bench in 1952. Member of Wyoming Lodge No. 2, Lander, Wyo. and master of same for two years.

Lewis A. Kimberly (1830-1902) Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy. b. April 2, 1830 in Troy, N.Y. Graduate of U.S. Naval Academy and made midshipman in 1852, commander in 1866, captain in 1874, commodore in 1884, and rear admiral in 1887, retiring in 1892. In 1861-62 he served on frigate Potomac, was then executive officer of the Hartford, Admiral Farragut's flagship. He participated in actions of Port Hudson, Grand Gulf, Warrington, and Mobile Bay. He was in the expedition to Korea and commanded the force which landed and captured the forts. He was in the great hurricane of May 15, 1889 at Samoa. Admitted to St. Johns Lodge, Boston, Mass., March 2, 1857. d. in 1902.

Ira L. Kimes Brigadier General, U.S. Marine Corps. b. Aug. 8, 1899 in Fayetteville, Tenn. Graduate of U.S. Naval Academy in 1923, and advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1945. In Naval and Marine aviation, he was commander of the Marine Corps Air Station at Quantico, Va., 1943-45, retiring from active duty in 1945. Mason.

James L. Kincaid President of American Hotels Corp. and Brigadier General, U.S. Army (retired). b. Nov. 28, 1884 in Syracuse, N.Y. Law graduate of Syracuse U. in 1908, and practiced at Syracuse, N.Y. He was assistant to the president of United Hotels from 1919-20, vice president 1921-26, and president of American Hotels from 1924. This company directs the operation of 70 hotels in the U.S. He is also the director of 21 other hotelcompanies. Saw service in Mexican border campaign and was with judge advocate department, A.E.F., in WWI. Made major general in N.Y. national guard in 1923. In WWII he was in active service as a brigadier general from 1943-45, serving in Africa, Italy and France. Received degrees in Central City Lodge No. 305, Syracuse, N.Y. on Jan. 17, Feb. 7 and March 7, 1911. Dimitted from same Dec. 1, 1921 to become charter member of Sea and Field Lodge No. 2-983, Syracuse.

James H. Kindelberger President of North American Aviation, Inc., Los Angeles, 1935-48. b. May 8, 1895 in Wheeling, W.Va. Began as apprentice-engineer in Wheeling, W.Va. in 1911. He was designer and chief draftsman of Glenn L. Martin Co. 1919-25, and vice president and chief engineer of Douglas Aircraft Corp., 1925-34. In 1934 he was president of General Aviation Mfg. Corp., Baltimore. Mason.

Austin A. King (1801-1870) Governor of Missouri, 1848-53. b. Sept. 20, 1801 in Sullivan Co., Tenn. He was admitted to the bar in 1822, and moved to Mo. in 1830, where he continued his practice. He was twice elected to the state legislature, in 1834 and 1836, and was circuit judge, 1837-48, and again 1862-63. He was elected to the 38th U.S. congress and served from 1863-65, after which he devoted himself to his profession and farming. Member of Richmond Lodge No. 57, Richmond, Mo. d. April 22, 1870.

Charles King (1844-1933) Author and Brigadier General. b. Oct. 12, 1844 in Albany, N.Y. He was graduated from U.S. Military Academy in 1866, and was retired for wounds in 1879, but continued as a national guard instructor, and reentered Federal Service in Spanish-American War to be-

23 Charles Glen King come a brigadier general in 1898. He wrote: Famous and Decisive Battles; Between the Lines; The Colonel's Daughter; Marion's Faith; Captain Blake; The General's Double; The Iron Brigade; A Conquering Corps Badge; Medal of Honor and others. He became a member of Kilbourn Lodge No. 3, Milwaukee, Wis. in 1886, and was exalted in Kilbourn Chapter No. 1 the same year. In 1898 he became a member of Wisconsin Cornmandery No. 1, K.T. at Milwaukee and received 32° AASR (NJ) in Wisconsin Consistory AASR (SJ) in 1900. Awarded honorary 33° AASR in 1920. d. March 18, 1933.

Charles Glen King American chemist who isolated vitamin C in 1932 and synthesized it in 1933. b. Oct. 22, 1896 in Entiat, Wash. Graduate of Washington State Coll. in 1918; U. of Pittsburgh 1920 and 1923; with graduate study at Columbia, 1926-27, and Cambridge (Eng.) in 1929-30. He is noted for his work on enzymes, synthetic fats, nutrition, bacteriology and dairy sanitation. He taught in U. of Pittsburgh and Columbia, and has been professor at Columbia U. since 1946. He was scientific director of the Nutrition Foundation, 1942-55, and executive director of same since 1955. Consultant to private industries and government, and has received many awards for his work. Served as private in machine gun company in WWI. Initiated in Whitman Lodge No. 49, Pullman, Wash., in 1919.

Edward L. King (1873-1933) Major General, U.S. Army. b. Dec. 5, 1873 in Bridgewater, Mass. Graduate of U.S. Military Academy in 1896, and advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1922, and major general in 1931. Participated in the Spanish-American War, the Philippine Insurrection, and with 65th Infantry brigade, AEF in WWI. He was commandant of the Cavalry School, Ft. Riley, Kansas, 1923-25, and same for General Service Schools, Ft. Leavenworth, Kans., 1925-29. From 1929-32 he was assistant chief of staff of the War Department General Staff, and from 1932, commander of 4th Corps Area. Mason. d. Dec. 27, 1933.

Edward P. King, Jr. (1884-1958) Major General, U.S. Army. b. July 4, 1884 in Atlanta, Ga. Graduate of U. of Georgia in 1903. Commissioned in 1908, he advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1940, and temporary major general in 1941. He was an instructor at the General Staff and Command School, 1930-35, and the Army War College, 1937-40, retiring in 1946. Received his degrees in Gate City Lodge No. 2, Atlanta, Ga. on April 23, May 14 and June 20, 1912, becoming a charter member and first master of Fort Benning Lodge No. 579, Fort Benning, Ga. on Oct. 29, 1924. Member of Yaarab Shrine Temple, Atlanta. d. Aug. 31, 1958.

Ernest J. King (1878-1956) Fleet Admiral, U.S. Navy and Commanderin-Chief of U.S. Navy. b. Nov. 23, 1878 in Lorain, Ohio. Graduate of U.S. Naval Academy in 1901. Previous to this he served as a midshipman in the U.S. Navy during the Spanish-American War. He rose through the grades to rear admiral in 1933; admiral, 1941; chief of Bureau of Aeronautics, 1933- 36; vice admiral commanding aircraft battle force, U.S. Fleet, 1938-39, member of general board of Navy Dept., 1939-40; commander-in-chief U.S. Fleet, Dec., 1941; chief of naval operations, 1942-45; and appointed fleet admiral, Dec. 17, 1944. A member of George C. Whiting Lodge No. 22, Washington, D.C., he received his degrees June 25, July 25, and Sept. 12, 1935. He became a member of Darius Chapter No. 143, R.A.M., San Diego, Calif., receiving the degrees June 17, July 8 and Aug. 26, 1938. He was greatly interested in Masonry, both blue lodge and chapter, and attended often. When he was elevated to com-

24 Thomas Starr King mander-in-chief of the Atlantic Fleet, a letter was written him at one of the chapter meetings and signed by more than 200 of its members. King received it the day following Pearl Harbor, and he replied to it with sincere feeling. A member of Holyrood Commandery No. 32, K.T., Cleveland, Ohio, he received the orders July 12 and July 19, 1939. He became a member of Al Koran Shrine Temple at Cleveland in 1946. d. June 25, 1956.

Horatio C. King (1837-1918) Soldier and author. b. Dec. 22, 1837 in Portland, Maine. His father was postmaster general in 1861. Graduate of Dickinson Coll. in 1858, he was admitted to the bar in 1861. He entered the Union army as a captain in 1862, and rose to colonel of volunteers in 1865. He received the Congressional Medal of Honor for "distinguished bravery near Dinwiddie C.H., Va. on March 29, 1865." He practiced law from 1871-73, and after 1877. He was associate editor of the New York Star, 1871-73 and publisher of the Christian Union, 1873-77. He was the author of History of Dickinson College (1896); Sketch of Army of Potomac (1896); Songs of Dickinson (1901) and Souvenir of Poems and Compositions (1908). Made a Mason in lodge at Winchester, Va. in 1864. d. Nov. 15, 1918.

Joshua King Lieutenant of the Continental Army to whom Major Andre, the British spy, first revealed his identity. Member of Union Lodge No. 40, Danbury, Conn.

Rufus King (1755-1827) Member of Continental Congress; U.S. Minister to Great Britain, and U.S. Senator from New York. b. in Scarborough, Maine. He was graduated from Harvard in 1777. Accompanied Gen. Sullivan on his expedition into R.I. and later honorably discharged. Admitted to the bar and was member of Continental Congress, 1884-87, from Mass., and of the Federal Constitution-al Convention of 1788. Here he was one of the members assigned to make a final draft of the constitution of the U.S. He moved to New York City in 1788, and served a term in the state assembly; in a short time he was elected to the U.S. senate, serving there from 1789-96, and 1813-25. He twice served as U.S. Minister to Great Britain, 1796-1803 and 1825-26. He was an unsuccessful candidate for vice president of the U.S. in 1804 and 1808, and for president in 1816. He is thought to have been a member of a lodge in Newburyport, Mass., but no proof is available. His brother, William King, q.v., was first governor of Maine and first grand master of Maine. d. April 29, 1827.

Rufus King Fiction and motion picture writer. b. Jan. 3, 1893 in New York City. Graduate of Yale in 1914. Served on Mexican border in 1916, and in France in WWI. Since 1925 he has averaged a book or motion picture script each year. Many of his mystery books have been adapted to pictures. His writing include: North Star; Whelp of the Winds; Murder by the Clock; A Woman Is Dead; Murder by Latitude; Crime of Violence; The Secret Agent; Murder at the Vanities (mystery revue with Earl Carroll); Invitation to a Murder (play with Milton Lazarus); Holiday Homicide; The Body in the Rockpit; and many others. He received his degrees in Champlain Lodge No. 237, Champlain, N.Y. in 1926.

Thomas Starr King (1824-1864) Unitarian clergyman who is represented in the National Hall of Fame, Washington, D.C., from Calif. b. Dec. 17, 1824 in New York City. He taught school early in life and studied for the ministry under Hosea Ballou, q.v., in Medford, Mass. He preached in Boston, Mass. from 1838-60, going to San Francisco, Calif. in the latter year. At the outset of the Civil War, he spoke throughout the country on

25 William King the importance of upholding the Union, and his eloquence is credited with saving California for the Union. He built a church in San Francisco which was dedicated Jan. 10, 1864. Less then two months later he was stricken with diphtheria, and died March 4, 1864; he was buried in the church he had built. His remains were transferred to the Masonic cemetery in 1887, when the church property was sold. During the Civil War he worked constantly for the Sanitary Commission (forerunner of the Red Cross) and raised $1,250,000 for it—which was one-fourth of the entire amount raised in the U.S. He was raised in Oriental Lodge No. 144, San Francisco, on Aug. 17, 1861, and served as grand orator of the Grand Lodge of Calif. in 1862-63.

William King (1768-1852) First Governor of Maine and first Grand Master of Grand Lodge of Maine. b. Feb. 9, 1768 in Scarborough, Maine. He was the brother of Rufus King, q.v. Early in life he became a member of the Mass. legislature and took an active part in drafting and enacting the religious freedom bill. He was a merchant in Bath, Maine for nearly 50 years. He was an ardent advocate of the separation of Maine and Mass. and presided over the convention to frame a constitution for the new state. He was subsequently elected first governor and after that appointed U.S. commissioner for the adjustment of Spanish claims. He served in the War in 1812 as a colonel. He was made a Mason in Massachusetts Lodge of Boston, Mass., Feb. 3, 1800, and became first master of Solar Lodge No. 14, Bath, Maine, Sept. 10, 1804. In 1820 he became the first grand master of the Grand Lodge of Maine. d. June 17, 1852.

William Rufus King (1786-1853) Vice President of the United States, 1853; U.S. Senator; Minister to France. b. April 6, 1786 in Sampson Co., N.C. He was graduated from U. of North Carolina in 1803, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1806. He served in state legislature from 1806-09. From 1810-16 he was U.S. congressman. From 1819-44 he was U.S. Senator, and again from 1848-53, serving as president of that body in 1853. President Tyler named him U.S. minister to France in 1844, and he returned in 1846 at his request. He was elected vice president of the U.S. in 1852 under Franklin Pierce, but failing health forced him to visit Cuba in 1853, where the oath of office was administered him by a special act of Congress. He returned to this country, but died the day after reaching his home near Cahawba, Ala., April 18, 1853, without entering upon any official duty of his office. He was a member of Phoenix Lodge No. 8, Fayetteville, N.C., receiving his degrees in April, 1808, May 5, 1809, and Dec. 15, 1810.

Robert, 1st Baron of Kingsborough Grand Master of Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1749.

Kenneth R. Kingsbury (1876-1937) President of Standard Oil Co. of Calif. 1919-37. b. Jan. 22, 1876 in Columbus, Ohio. Student at Columbia U., 1896-97 in mining engineering. Began with Standard Oil of Calif. in 1911. Mason. d. Nov. 22, 1937.

Henry, 4th Viscount of Kingsland Grand Master of Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1733.

Nathan Kingsley (1850-1918) General Grand High Priest, General Grand Chapter, RA.M., 1909-12. b. Sept. 10, 1850 in Sharon, Conn. Admitted to Minn. bar in 1876, he practiced at Rushford, Chatfield, and later Austin. Was district judge from 18981912. Made a Mason in Pleasant Grove Lodge No. 22, Pleasant Grove, Minn.

26 Rudyard Kipling in 1872; exalted in North Star Chapter No. 11. R.A.M., Chatfield in Jan., 1874. In 1888-89 he was high priest of Austin Chapter No. 14, Austin, Minn., and grand high priest in 1885-86. Elected general grand high priest at triennial in Savannah, Ga. in 1909. Knighted in St. Bernard Commandery No. 13, K.T. of Austin in 1888, and commander in 1891-92. d. Sept. 8, 1918.

George Frederick Kingston (18891950) Archbishop and Primate of all Canada, 1947-50. b. Aug. 26, 1889 in Prescott, Ontario. Educated in U. of Toronto, Harvard, Oxford, and Trinity U. (Toronto). Was ordained in 1916 in diocese of Nova Scotia. He was professor of philosophy at King's U., Nova Scotia. Also professor of ethics at Trinity Coll., Toronto, and dean of men there from 1926-40. He was bishop of Algoma, 1940-44; bishop of Nova Scotia, 1944-50. Initiated in Ionic Lodge No. 25, G.R.C. (Ontario) on Feb. 2, 1927, he was master of same in 1937. He held several grand lodge offices, including that of grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Canada (Ontario) and Nova Scotia, 1948-50. Active in Royal Arch Masonry and Red Cross of Constantine, he was a profound Masonic student. d. Nov. 20, 1950.

James, 4th Baron of Kingston Grand Master of Grand Lodge of England (Moderns) , 1728. Grand Master, Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1731, 1735 and 1745.

George William, 9th Lord of Kinnaird and Rossie Fifty-eighth Grand Master Mason of Scotland, 1830-31.

John C. Kinnear Vice President of Kennecott Copper Corp. 1945-48. b. Feb. 14, 1885 in Carnoustic, Scotland, of American parents. Graduate of Mass. Inst. of Tech. in 1907. With mining concerns in Nevada from 1908, and with Kennecott Copper from 1910, rising from metallurgist to general manager and vice president. Memberof Ely Lodge No. 29, Ely, Nevada since 1914 and past master of same. Member of Monitor Chapter No. 13, and Ely Commandery No. 6, K.T., both of Ely, Nevada. 32° AASR (SJ) at Reno and member of Kerak Shrine Temple of Reno.

Thomas Robert, 10th Earl of Kinnoul Fifty-sixth Grand Master Mason of Scotland in 1826.

John, 3rd Earl of Kintore Third Grand Master Mason of Scotland in 1738, and Grand Master of Grand Lodge of England (Moderns) in 1740.

Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) English writer who was awarded the Nobel prize for literature in 1907. b. Dec. 30, 1865 in Bombay, India. He was educated in United Services Coll. North Devon, England, and returned to India in 1880, where he was on the editorial staff of the Civil & Military Gazette and Pioneer, at Lahore until 1889. He began writing verse and tales while in India, and continued after his return to England in 1889. Among his best known works are Plain Tales from the Hills; In Black and White; The Story of the Gadsbys; Under the Deodars; Phantom 'Rickshaw; Wee Willie Winkie; Life's Handicap; The Light That Failed; Barrack-Room Ballads; The Jungle Book; Second Jungle Book; The Seven Seas; Captains Courageous; Just So Stories for Little Children; and many others. His writings contained frequent Masonic references, particularly The Man Who Would Be King from Wee Willie Winkie (1889); In the Interests of the Brethren from Debits and Credits (1926); The Widow At Windsor from Barrack Room Ballads (1892). The most famous is his Mother Lodge from The Seven Seas (1896). He was initiated in Hope and Perseverance Lodge No. 782, Lahore, Punjab, India in 1886, by a special dispensation, because he was only 20 years and six months old. Strange to

27 ,11.1%1M1 MIrsr y say, he recorded his own raising in the minutes as he was immediately elected secretary of the lodge. He wrote the following about his initiation which appeared in The Freemason (London) on March 28, 1925: "I was secretary for some years of Hope and Perseverance No. 782, E.C., Lahore, which included Brethren of at least four creeds. I was entered by a member of Brahmo Somaj, a Hindu; passed by a Mohammedan, and raised by an Englishman. Our Tyler was an Indian Jew. We met, of course, on the level, and the only difference anyone would notice was that at our banquets, some of the Brethren, who were debarred by caste rules from eating food not ceremonially prepared, sat over empty plates." He received his Mark Master degree in the Mark Lodge, "Fidelity" on April 12, 1887 and Royal Ark Mariners degree in the Lodge "Mt. Ararat" at Lahore, April 17, 1888. He affiliated with the Independence and Philanthropy Lodge No. 391, Allahabad, Bengal in 1888. On his return to England, he became a founder of the lodge Builders of the Silent Cities No. 4948, in 1927, and of Author's Lodge No. 3456. He was further appointed poet laureate of the famous Canongate Kilwinning Lodge No. 2, of Edinburgh, Scotland, in which, by tradition, Robert Burns, q.v., had previously served in a similar capacity.

Allan P. Kirby President of Imperial Motor Corp. since 1934, and of Allegheny Corp. since 1939. b. July 31, 1892 at Wilkes-Barre, Pa. He began as office manager for a lumber company in New Brunswick in 1914. Later he became treasurer of Jenkins-Kirby Packing Co. (1915-22), and president of Kirby-Davis Co. (192234). He is a director of F. W. Woolworth Co., Chesapeake & Ohio Railway, Greenbrier Hotel Corp., International Telephone and Telegraph - Corp., and several other large corporations. Raised in Landmark Lodge No. 442, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. in 1920. Member of Shekinah Chapter No. 182, R.A.M. and Dieu le Veut Commandery No. 45, K.T. and Irem Shrine Temple, all of Wilkes-Barre, Pa.

Ephraim Kirby (1757-1804) First General Grand High Priest of the General Grand Chapter, Royal Arch Masons. b. Feb. 23, 1757 near Litchfield, Conn. He enlisted in the volunteer cavalry at the age of 19, and reached Boston in time to take part in the Battle of Bunker Hill, (under General Warren), q.v. He later fought at Brandywine, Monmouth, Elk River, and Germantown. At Elk River he received seven saber cuts in the head and was left on the field as dead. In all he was in 17 battles and many skirmishes; he received 13 wounds. He was discharged as an ensign, August 23, 1782. He later became a colonel in the 17th regiment of the Connecticut militia. He presented his sword to St. Paul's Lodge, Litchfield, Conn., where it is now proudly displayed. He studied law, and the issuance of the "Kirby Reports" in 1789, on cases of the superior court of Conn., gave him the distinction of publishing the first volume of law reports issued in America. He was an early member of the Society of Cincinnati, and secretary of the Conn. branch. He was appointed federal revenue collector for Conn. in 1802, and was named land commissioner of the Miss. Territory and district judge of same. He arrived in January, 1804, coming by boat from Conn. via New Orleans and Fort Stoddert, Ala. Here he died, Oct. 4, 1804, and was buried in a grave now forgotten. He became a member of St. Paul's Lodge No. 11, Litchfield, Conn., in 1781, but it is not known if this is his original lodge. It is said that he had a part in organizing a lodge at Woodbury, Conn. in 1782. On Dec. 27, 1871, he was elected secretary of St. Paul's Lodge. Representing that lodge at the convention of July 8, 1789 to form the

28 Samuel Kirkland Grand Lodge of Conn., he was elected its secretary. He was grand senior warden of that grand lodge from 179597. He served three terms as master of his own lodge. Little is known of his chapter record except that he was a member of the Mark Lodge located at New Town, Conn., and was a signer of the by-laws of Hiram Chapter No. 1 of the same city, March 31, 1792. When the Grand Chapter of Connecticut was organized at Hartford, May 17, 1798, Kirby was elected first grand high priest. He was also elected first general grand high priest in 1798, serving until his death in 1804. He was thus grand high priest and general grand high priest at the same time. In 1953, Royal Arch Masons, led by Col. Woolsey Finnell, q.v., of Ala., erected a monument to his memory at Mt. Vernon, Ala.

Fred M. Kirby (1861-1940) Capitalist. b. Oct. 30, 1861 in Brownville, N.Y. Employed by a dry goods firm in Watertown, N.Y. from 1876-84, he moved to Wilkes-Barre, Pa. where he became associated with C. S. Woolworth in 5 and 10 cent store. He purchased interest of partner in 1887, and became the owner of 96 stores, located in nearly every state east of the Mississippi River. In 1912 he merged his interests with F. W. Woolworth, and retired. He gave $100,000 to Lafayette College (Pa.), for Kirby Chair of Civil Rights, and erected Kirby Hall of Civil Rights there for $500,000. Erected the Angeline Elizabeth Kirby Memorial Center at Wilkes-Barre at a cost of two million dollars in 1931. Mason. d. Oct. 16, 1940.

Norman T. Kirk Major General, U.S. Army, and Surgeon General, U.S. Army, 1943-47. b. Jan. 3, 1888 at Rising Sun, Md. Received M.D. degree from U. of Maryland in 1910. He was commissioned 1st lieutenant in U.S. Medical Corps in 1912, and advanced through grades to major general in 1932, retiring in 1947. Servedin Mexico in 1914; WWI; two Philippine tours; chief of surgery at Letterman General Hospital, 1936-41, and Walter Reed, 1941-42. In 1942-43 he was commanding officer of Percy Jones General Hospital. He is director of American Foundation for Tropical Medicine. Has written several volumes on surgery, amputations and prostheses. Raised in Tompkins Lodge No. 466, Fort Oglethorpe, Ga. in 1917 receiving the chapter, council and commandery in Chattanooga, Tenn. the same year. Now inactive in all bodies.

Watson Kirkconnell President of Acadia University, Wolfville, N.S., Canada since 1948. b. May 16, 1895 in Port Hope, Ont., Canada. M.A. at Queen's U. in 1916; student at Oxford (England) 1921-22; Ph.D. from Debrecen U., Hungary, 1938. From 192248 he taught at Wesley Coll., United Coll. and McMaster U. (all in Canada). Served as captain in Canadian Army in 1916-19. Authority on the history of Hungary, Poland, Iceland, and Canada. Fellow of Royal Society; Canadian Royal Geography Society; Royal History Society; Royal Anthropology Institute; Icelandic Society of Letters; Petofi Society (Hungary). National president of Canadian Authors Assn. in 1942-44. President of Baptist Union of Western Canada, 1938-40, and president of Baptist Federation of Canada in 1953. Received degrees in Faithful Brethren Lodge No. 77, Lindsay, Ont. on Oct. 1, Nov. 5 and Dec. 17, 1920 and also affiliated with St. George's Lodge No. 20, R.N.S., serving as its master in 1955.

Thomas Kirker Governor of Ohio in 1807-08. Grand junior deacon of Grand Lodge of Ohio in 1808. Member of Scioto Lodge No. 6, Chillicothe, Ohio, receiving degrees on Dec. 31, 1806, Jan. 10 and 16, 1807. Dimitted July 3, 1811.

29 Robert Kirkwood missionary to Indians of the Six Nations. b. Dec. 1, 1741 in Norwich, Conn. He was the son of the Rev. Daniel Kirtland, but Samuel restored the old spelling of the family name. Graduate of Princeton in 1765, leaving that year as an Indian missionary to the Six Nations. He remained with the tribes a year and a half, and returned to Conn. where he was commissioned Indian missionary. He then went to Oneida and continued to labor among the tribes, with occasional interruptions, for more than 40 years. He spoke the Mohawk and Seneca languages, and had the profound respect of the Indians. During the Revolution he was active in attempting to preserve the neutrality of the Indians, holding many councils with them. After the Battle of Lexington, however, he succeeded in attaching the Oneidas to the patriot cause, although the other tribes, through the influence of Sir William Johnson, q.v., and Chief Joseph Brant, q.v., joined the British. Washington wrote to Congress in 1775: "I cannot but intimate my sense of the importance of Mr. Kirkland's station, and of the great advantages which have and may result to the united colonies from his situation being made respectable. All accounts agree that much of the favorable disposition shown by the Indians may be ascribed to his labor and influence." Kirkland was initiated in St. Patrick's Lodge No. 8, Johnstown, N.Y., Feb. 7, 1767. It was this lodge that furnished many famous brethren to both sides of the Revolution, including the Johnson's, Herkimer's, and Butler's, q.v. Kirkland became a brigrade chaplain to General John Sullivan, q.v., in 1779, and accompanied him on the Susquehanna expedition. The remainder of the war he was chaplain to the Continental forces at Fort Schuyler and at Stockbridge, Mass. He resumed his work among the Indians after peace was declared, and in 1785 received a liberal grant of land from congress in consideration of his services. In 1788 the Indians and the state of New York added to this gift a large and valuable tract, on which he settled and founded the present town of Kirkland. In 1791 he made a trip with 40 warriors to Philadelphia and appeared before congress in order to consult as to the best method of introducing western civilization among the tribes. In 1793 he established the Hamilton Oneida College (now Hamilton College), an institution for the education of American and Indian youth. d. Feb. 28, 1808.

Robert Kirkwood (1730-1791) American Revolutionary War hero. b. in 1730 near Newark, Del. Christopher Ward, in his book, The Delaware Continentals, referred to him as the "American Diomedes." Light Horse Harry Lee, q.v., said "No regiment in the army surpassed it in soldiership. It was commanded by Capt. Kirkwood, who passed through the war with high reputation." He entered the Army as a lieutenant and participated in the battles of Long Island, Trenton, and Princeton. Early in 1777 he was commissioned captain, and engaged in all the important battles of the three following campaigns. In 1780 he accompanied General Horatio Gates, q.v., to the south, where his outfit suffered severely at the Battle of Camden. The remnant that survived was attached under Kirkwood to General Henry Lee's light infantry, and Kirkwood commanded it at Cowpens, Guilford, Eutaw, and the other battles of this campaign, and was breveted major. In all he took part in 33 battles. He migrated to Ohio after the war, settling nearly opposite Wheeling. He was killed in the Battle of Miami, Nov. 4, 1791. Kirkwood was raised in Lodge No. 18 of Dover, Del. (under Penn. constitution) on June 11, 1782.

Robert C. Kirkwood Executive Vice President of F. W. Woolworth Co. since 1955. b. Nov. 19, 1904 at

30 Horatio Herbert Kitchener Provo, Utah. He began with Woolworth Co. in 1923, at Provo, and was successively store manager of Western and Midwestern stores; superintendent of Minneapolis district; personnel director; merchandise supervisor; assistant district manager of San Francisco; district manager at Boston; director in 1953. Mason, 32° AASR.

Samuel J. Kirkwood (1813-1894) U.S. Secretary of Interior under Garfield; Governor of Iowa; U.S. Senator from Iowa; in National Statuary Hall. b. Dec. 20, 1813 in Harford Co., Md. Moved to Ohio in 1835, studied law and admitted to the bar in 1843. Moved to Iowa in 1855, where he engaged in farming and milling, and served in the state senate in 1856. He was governor of Iowa from 1860-63. He declined Lincoln's offer to be U.S. Minister to Denmark in 1862. He was elected U.S. senator in 1866 to fill an unexpired term, and in 1875 was elected governor for third time. In 1876 he was again elected U.S. senator and served until 1881, when he resigned to enter the cabinet of Garfield as secretary of the Interior. He was a member of Iowa City Lodge No. 4, Iowa City, Iowa. d. Sept. 1, 1894.

Richard Kirman Governor of Nevada, 1935-38. b. Jan. 14, 1877 at Virginia City, Nev. His father was a member of the big cattle firm of Kirman and Rickey in the early days of Nevada. Richard is a banker at Reno, Nev. He was raised in Washoe Lodge No. 35 of Reno in 1927.

Joseph G. Kitchell (1862-1947) Artist and writer. b. April 25, 1862 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Was photographic editor of Quarterly Illustrator, and publisher of L'Art de Monde. He invented method and apparatus for first scientific composite photograph. In 1900 he produced the Kitchell Composite Madonna, a merging of themost important madonnas painted by the great masters of 300 years, which attracted wide attention in America and Europe. In 1915 he invented and patented a new method of reproducing pictures known as "subchromatic art," examples of which were accepted by the Metropolitan Museum, Congressional Library, British Museum, and Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. With Ordnance dept in Washington as captain in WWI. He produced the official Red Cross allegorical picture Thine Is the Glory in 1919, which was given to the War Department and presented by them to the Red Cross. Mason. d. June 1, 1947.

Horatio Herbert Kitchener (18501916) British Field Marshal of WWI and 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum and Broome. b. Sept. 22, 1850 at Guns-borough Villa, near Ballylongford, Kerry, Ireland. He was educated in the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and commissioned in the Royal Engineers in 1871. He served in Wolseley's expedition for relief of General Gordon in 1884, and was governor general of Eastern Sudan in 1886. In 1898 he invaded Sudan, annihilated the Khalifa's army at Omdurman, and reoccupied Khartoum. He was governor general of Sudan in 1899. In 1900-02 he organized forces to combat the Boers and was commander-inchief of India from 1902-09, being made field marshal on the latter date. In 1914 he was secretary of state for war, and organized the British forces for WWI. He was lost at sea in the sinking of the British cruiser, H.M.S. Hampshire, sunk off the Orkney Islands, June 6, 1916. He is thought to have entered Freemasonry in Egypt. In 1885 he was one of the founders of Drury Lane Lodge No. 2127 of London. He was made past grand warden of the Grand Lodge of England in 1897; district grand master of Egypt and the Soudan in 1899; and past grand warden of district grand lodge of Punjab, India, in 1902. Four

William W. Kitchin (1866-1924) Governor of North Carolina, 1909-13. b. Oct. 9, 1866 near Scotland Neck, N.C. Graduate of Wake Forest Coll. in 1884. He edited the Scotland Neck Democrat in 1885. He was admitted to the bar in 1887, and practiced at Roxboro from 1888. Kitchin was a member of the 55th through 60th U.S. congresses (1897-1909) from 5th N.C. dist. He received his degrees in Scotland Neck Lodge No. 470 in Jan., 1897. He affiliated with Person Lodge No. 113, Roxboro, Nov. 13, 1899. He affiliated with Hiram Lodge No. 40 of Raleigh, Nov. 6, 1916. On Feb. 13, 1911, as governor he attended the dedication of a marker to Joseph Monfort, q.v., and spoke briefly to the assembly. d. Nov. 9, 1924.

Alfred B. Kittredge (1861-1911) U.S. Senator from South Dakota, 1901-09. b. March 26, 1861 in Cheshire Co., N.H. Graduate of Yale in 1882 and 1885. Admitted to the bar in 1885, and began practice at Sioux Falls, S.D. He was a member of the state senate from 1889-93. A member of Minnehaha Lodge No. 5, Sioux Falls, he received his degrees, Feb. 14, April 19, and May 20, 1887. d. in 1911.

Frank A. Kittredge Chief Engineer, U.S. National Park Service from 1947. b. March 29, 1883 in Glyn-don, Minn. Graduate of U. of Washington. He was with state and federal highway commissions until 1927, when he became chief engineer of the National Park Service. From 1937-40 he was regional director of region four for that service. From 1940-41 he was superintendent of Grand Canyon National Park, and superintendent of Yosemite National Park from 1941-47, at which time he returned to the Department of Interior as chief engineer. Served in WWI in Engineering Corps. Mason.

George Klapka (1820-1892) Hungarian Revolutionary General. (Gyorgy in Hungarian.) He led the Northern Hungarian army in 1849, and served in the battle of Kapolna, and at Komarno with distinction. He defended Komarno, capitulating on honorable terms in 1849. He was in exile from 1849-67. He organized the Hungarian legion with Kossuth, q.v., in Italy in 1859, and with Bismarck in 1866 in Upper Silesia. He returned to Hungary following the amnesty of 1867, and supported the Deak party as a member of the Hungarian parliament. His original lodge is not known, but he was a founder of the Lodge Mathias Corvinus at Budapest.

Marc Klaw (1858-1936) Theatrical Producer. b. May 29, 1858 in Paducah, Ky. He studied law and was admitted to the bar, but in 1881 he became associated with the stage as a producer, and became one of the noted producers of the "gay nineties." He was president of Marc Klaw, Inc., and an officer of other corporations. In WWI he was in charge of military entertainment services of the War Department. He became a member of the famous theatrical lodge—Pacific Lodge No. 233, New York City, and was raised, July 16, 1903. d. June 14, 1936.

Richard M. Kleberg U.S. Congressman, 72nd through 78th Congresses (1931-45) from 14th Texas dist. b. Nov. 18, 1887 in Corpus Christi, Texas, the grandson of Richard King, founder of the fabulous 1,250,000 acre King Ranch. Graduate of U. of Texas in 1911, and in that year began as foreman of the King Ranch. He was active in the management of the same until 1924. Trustee of estate of Mrs. H. M. King. Member of Chamberlain Lodge No. 913, Kingville, Texas. His father was a member of the same lodge.

Eugene H. Kleinpell President of State Teachers College, River Falls, Wis. since 1946. b. May 11, 1903 at

32 Adolph Franz Freiderich Ludwig, Baron Von Knigge Monona, Iowa. Graduate of Iowa U., Chicago U., and Ohio State U. He taught at Kemper Military School, Boonville, Mo. from 1926-31, and then headed departments at Northern Montana College (Havre), Morningside Coll. (Sioux City, Ia.), and Northwest Missouri State Teachers Coll. (Maryville). He was president of the State Teachers Coll. (Valley City, ND.) from 1942-46. Mason.

Harry J. Klingler Vice President of General Motors from 1942. b. July 5, 1889 in St. Clair, Mich. With Delco Light Co., 1919-22; Chevrolet Motor Co. from 1922 to 1933, being general sales manager from 1927-33; general manager Pontiac division of General Motors from 1933. Member of Evergreen Lodge No. 9, St. Clair, Mich., receiving degrees on March 4, April 27, and June 15, 1918.

Friedrich G. Klopstock (1724-1803) German poet. He studied theology at Jena in 1745, and drafted prose for the beginning of the religious epic, The Messiah. He recast it into hexameters at Leipzig in 1746, and published it anonymously in 1748. He was invited to Copenhagen by the king of Denmark in 1751, and remained there on pension until 1770. Other works include Oden; Geistliche Lieder; Die Deutsche Gelehrtenrepublik Der Tod Adams; and others. Bulletin of International Masonic Congress in 1917 lists him as a Freemason.

George B. F. Kloss (1788-1854) German physician and author. A resident of Frankfort, he was grand master of the "Electic Grand Lodge" many times. He collected a large Masonic library, and in 1844 published the Bibliography of Freemasonry, (first of such published), containing more than 5,000 Masonic references. d. Feb. 10, 1854.

Bradford Knapp (1870-1938) College president. b. Dec. 24, 1870 at Vinton, Iowa. Graduate of Vanderbilt U. and U. of Mich. Practiced law at Clarion, Ia. from 1899-1909, and engaged in agricultural extension work. Was president of Oklahoma A. & M. Coll., 1923-28; Alabama Polytechnic Inst., 1928-33; and Texas Technological Coll. from 1933. Mason. d. June 11, 1938.

Francis J. Knauss Justice, Supreme Court of Colorado since 1951. b. Aug. 30, 1884 in Chicago. Graduate of U. of Colorado in 1905 and practiced law at Denver until 1946. Was judge of district court at Denver, 1946-51. Raised in Temple Lodge No. 84, Denver, in April, 1908. Was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Colorado in 1940-41. Member of Denver Chapter No. 2, R.A.M., Denver, and grand high priest of Grand Chapter of Colorado in 1952-53. Member of Colorado Commandery No. 1, K.T. and 33° AASR (SJ) in Denver. Member of Red Cross of Constantine and past potentate of El Jebel Shrine Temple, Denver.

Adolph Franz Freiderich Ludwig, Baron Von Knigge (1752-1796) German author. b. Oct. 16, 1752 at Brendenbeck, near Hanover. He wrote novels and stories, and a translation of Mozart's Figaro (1791). His most popular non-Masonic work was On Conversation With Men. Although he was one of the most prominent Freemasons of his time, his association with the fraternity would wax from hot to cold, and he finally became an anti-Mason. He was initiated Jan. 20, 1772, in a lodge of the Strict Observance rite at Cassel, but was not impressed with the institution, writing Prince Charles of Hesse, q.v., that its ceremonies were "absurd, juggling tricks." In 1780 he entered the Order of the Illuminati, which had been set up by Weishaupt, q.v., as a grandiose new society of his own, with vague

33 Felix H. Knight but vast aims. Among the Illuminati, Knigge was known as Philo. When he appealed to Weishaupt for more light, the latter confessed that the higher degrees did not exist except in his own brain, and influenced Knigge to extend the system to the highest degrees, promising him full authority. Knigge secured the aid of Bode, q.v., and was quite successful in propagating the rite. When Weishaupt interfered, Knigge became disgusted and withdrew from the order, and soon afterwards entirely from Freemasonry. His Masonic books included: On the Jesuits, Freemasons and Rosicrucians; Essay on Freemasonry, and Contribution Towards the Latest History of the Order of Freemasons. His last Masonic book was entitled Philo's Final Declaration (1788). d. May 6, 1796.

Felix H. Knight Vice President of American Federation of Labor from 1936. b. Dec. 10, 1878 in Montgomery Co. Mo. In 1902 he became an officer of Association of Railway Carmen; assistant general president in 1913, and president in 1935. He was a member of the board of directors of Union Labor Life Insurance Co. from 1935. Member of East Gate Lodge No. 630, Kansas City, Mo. and 32° AASR (SJ).

Goodwin Knight Governor of California from 1953. b. Dec. 9, 1896 at Provo, Utah. Graduate of Stanford U. in 1919. Admitted to Calif. bar in 1921, and was in private practice until 1925; a partner with Thomas Reynolds until 1935. He was judge of the superior court of Calif. from 1935-46, and lieutenant governor 1946-53. He is the former owner and operator of the Elephant Mining Co., Kern Co., Calif. He served in the U.S. Navy in WWI. Member of Westlake Lodge No. 392 of Los Angeles; 32° AASR (SJ) at Los Angeles and Al Malaikah Shrine Temple.

Nehemiah R. Knight (1780-1854) Governor of Rhode Island, 1817-21,and U.S. Senator, 1820-41. b. Dec. 31, 1780 in Cranston, R.I. He represented Cranston in the state legislature in 1800, and moved to Providence in 1802, where he was clerk of the court of common pleas. During the administration of Madison, he was collector of customs at Providence. Member of St. John's Lodge No. 2, Providence. d. April 19, 1854.

Telfair Knight Rear Admiral, U.S. Maritime Service. b. July 12, 1888 in Jacksonville, Fla. Graduate of Sewanee Military Academy and U. of the South. He was president of Knight Crockery and Furniture Co., Jacksonville, Fla., 1908-15, and practiced law there from 1915-23. He was president of the Peacock Motion Picture Co., Shanghai, China, and New York from 1930-34. He became secretary of the U.S. Maritime Commission in 1936, and was successively director of training, chief of bureau, and commandant of the service from 1948. Received rank of commodore in 1944, and rear admiral in 1946. Mason and 32° AASR.

Thomas E. Knight (1868-1943) Justice, Supreme Court of Alabama from 1931. b. Oct. 13, 1868 in Greensboro, Ala. Graduate of Southern U. and U. of Alabama. Admitted to the bar in 1888, practicing at Selma. Was member of state house of representatives, and circuit judge. Mason. d. April 11, 1943.

Joseph F. Knipe (1823-1901) Union Brigadier General in Civil War. b. Nov. 30, 1823 in Mount Joy, Pa. He served in the ranks through the Mexican War, and in 1861 organized the 46th Penn. regiment, and commissioned its colonel. Made brigadier general of volunteers in 1862. He served in the Army of the Potomac and of Cumberland, commanding a brigade and then a division, until the fall of Atlanta, when he became chief of cavalry of the Army of Tennessee. He was wounded five times. Mustered

34 William F. Knowland out of service in Sept. 1865; he was superintendent of the military prison at Ft. Leavenworth, Kans. in 1887. Member of Perseverance Lodge No. 21, Harrisburg, Pa. receiving degrees on Aug. 15, Sept. 9, and Sept. 11, 1861. d. Aug. 18, 1901.

Tully C. Knoles President of College of Pacific, Stockton, Calif, 191946, and Chancellor since 1946. b. Jan. 6, 1876 at Petersburg, Ill. Graduate of U. of Southern California in 1903 and 1908. He was head of the history department of U. of Southern California from 1909-19. Raised Feb. 22, 1919 in University Lodge No. 394, Los Angeles; affiliated with Friendship Lodge No. 210, San Jose on Oct. 2, 1919; and with San Joaquin Lodge No. 19, Stockton on Nov. 3, 1926.

Douglas D. Knoop (1883-1948) English professor who did valuable original research on the operative period of the Craft. b. Sept. 16, 1883 in Manchester, England. He studied in England, Germany, and Switzerland, and became professor of economics at Sheffield U. From 1923 until his death in 1948, he produced a series of papers and books mainly on the operative craft. They include The Medieval Mason and The Genesis of Freemasonry. He was a member of University Lodge No. 3911 of Sheffield. Curiously, his colleagues in his -research were not Freemasons. d. Oct. 21, 1948.

J. Proctor Knott (1830-1911) Governor of Kentucky, 1883-87; U.S. Congressman from Kentucky, 40th and 41st Congresses (1867-71), and 45th through 47th Congresses (1877-83). b. Aug. 29, 1830 near Lebanon, Ky. He studied law at the age of 16, and in May, 1850 went to Memphis, Mo., where he was employed in the county clerk's office until he was 21, and licensed to practice. In 1858 he was elected to the Missouri legislature, and from 1859-61 he was attorney general of Mo. At the beginning of the Civil War he was arrested by General Lyon and taken to St. Louis under surveillance because he refused to take the test-oath of office prescribed for officials. He moved to Lebanon, Ky. in 1862, where he practiced law. He received his degrees in Memphis Lodge No. 16, Memphis, Mo. about 1851, and later served as master of the lodge. After his return to Ky. he affiliated with Lebanon Lodge No. 87. He was a Royal Arch Mason and Knight Templar. d. 1911.

William L. Knous Federal Judge and Governor of Colorado, 1947-50. b. Feb. 2, 1889 in Ouray, Colo. Graduate of U. of Colorado in 1911, and admitted to the state bar that year. He served in the state general assembly, 1928-30, and in senate, 193036, being president in the last two years. In 1937-46 he was justice of the supreme court of Colorado. He was made judge of the U.S. District Court for Colorado in 1950, and since 1954, has been chief judge of the same. Member of Inspiration Lodge No. 143, Denver, Colo., 32° and KCCH AASR (SJ) at Denver. Member of El Jebel Shrine Temple and DeMolay Legion of Honor.

William F. Knowland U.S. Senator from California since 1945. b. June 26, 1908 in Alameda, Calif. Graduate of U. of California in 1929. He has been assistant publisher of the Oakland Tribune since 1933. He was a member of the state assembly, 1933-35, and of state senate, 1935-39. He enlisted in the U.S. Army as a private in 1942, and advanced to major. He was overseas with the Army when appointed U.S. senator in 1945 to fill the unexpired term of Hiram W. Johnson, q.v. Married at 18, he was the youngest state senator at 27, and the youngest member of the U.S. senate at 37. He was raised July 10, 1930 in Oak Grove Lodge No. 215 at Alameda, Calif.; 32° AASR (SJ) at Oakland and member of Aahmes Shrine Temple at Oakland. His father, Joseph R. Knowland, is

Henry Knox (1750-1806) Major General in American Revolution and 1st Secretary of War under Washington. b. July 25, 1750 in Boston, Mass. Orphaned at age of 12, he was apprenticed to a bookseller, and in 1771 opened the "London Book Store" in Boston when he was 21. He attempted to prevent the Boston Massacre of 1770. His military knowledge was gained from the textbooks which he supplied to British officers. He joined the American forces at the outbreak of the war and fought at Bunker Hill. He planned the defenses of the camps before Boston, and brought much needed artillery from Lake George and the border. At Trenton he crossed the river before the main body and rendered such service that he was made brigadier general and chief of artillery in the Continental Army. He was present at Princeton, Monmouth, and Yorktown; and after the surrender of Cornwallis was made major general (1781). He took the initial steps in creating the U.S. Military Academy in 1779; was a member of the court-martial which tried Major Andre in 1780; and commanded West Point in 1782. He was one of Washington's most trusted advisors and a close personal friend. In April, 1783 he drafted the plan of a society to be formed by American and French officers of the Revolution, to be called the Cincinnati. He was first secretary-general of the society from 1783-99, and vice president in 1805. He was secretary of War in 1785-94, being the first to hold that office under the Federal government. His plan to organize a national militia system was thwarted by the Republicans. His Masonic membership is hazy, but he is thought to have been a member of St. John's Regimental Lodge at Morristown, N.J., which was warranted in 1775. He is credited with helping to constitute Washington Lodge at West Point in 1779, and is recorded as a visitor to Williamsburg Lodge No. 6, Williamsburg, Va.; St. John's Lodge, Boston; Amity Lodge No. 6, Camden, Maine; and Orient No. 15, Thomaston, Maine. Major General Henry Knox Lodge of Boston, Mass. was named in his honor and constituted aboard the famous Old Ironsides in the Charlestown Navy Yard, March 17, 1926. d. Oct. 25, 1806.

Philander C. Knox (1853-1921) U.S. Secretary of State, 1909-13, and U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania, 190409, and 1917-21. b. May 6, 1853 in Brownsville, Pa. Graduate of Mount Union Coll. (Ohio) in 1872, and admitted to the bar in 1875. He was U.S. attorney general in the cabinets of McKinley and Roosevelt, 1901-04. As attorney general he filed suit and won decision against the Northern Securities Co., and drew up legislation creating the U.S. department of Commerce and Labor in 1903. As secretary of State he initiated what is known as "dollar diplomacy." As U.S. senator he was prominent in opposition of U.S. entry into the League of Nations. Member of Fellowship Lodge No. 679, Pittsburgh. d. Oct. 12, 1921.

- William Franklin Knox (1874-1944) Secretary of Navy 1940-44; newspaper publisher. b. Jan. 1, 1874 in Boston, Mass. Graduate of Alma Coll. (Mich.) in 1898. Started with Grand Rapids Herald (Mich.), as a reporter in 1898, and in 1901 became publisher of the Sault Ste. Marie News (Mich.). He published the Manchester Leader (N.H.) in 1912-13, and the Manchester Union and Leader from 1913. Between 1927-31 he also published the Boston American, Boston Daily Advertiser, and Boston Sunday Advertiser. At one time he was general manager of the Hearst newspapers. With Theodore Ellis, he purchased the Chicago

36 Walter J. Kohler Daily News in 1931, and became its publisher. He served in the Spanish-American War with the famous "Rough Riders" (1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry). In WWI he served overseas with the field artillery, as captain through to colonel. He was the Republican nominee for vice president of the U.S. in 1936, and although he still adhered to his Republican politics, F. D. Roosevelt appointed him secretary of the Navy in his cabinet. He was raised in Bethel Lodge No. 358, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. in 1908; 32° AASR in New Hampshire Consistory, Nashua, N.H.; and member of Bektash Shrine Temple of Concord, N.H. d. April 28, 1944.

William S. Knudsen (1879-1948) President of General Motors, 1937-48; Lieutenant General U.S. Army in WWII in charge of production for War Dept. b. March 25, 1879 in Denmark. He served apprenticeship as a bicycle mechanic in Denmark, and came to U.S. at age of 20, where he first worked in the shipyards in New York. He was later employed by the Erie Railroad and Ford Motor Co. In 1921 he became general manager of Matthews & Ireland Mfg. Co., and in 1922, a vice president of Chevrolet Motor Co., and later president. From 1933-37 he was executive vice president of General Motors with supervisory control of all their automobiles and body manufacturing. A member of Palestine Lodge No. 357, Detroit, he received his degrees, April 28, Sept. 18, and Nov. 13, 1914. Received 33° AASR (NJ) on Sept. 9, 1943. d. April 27, 1948.

Oscar R. Knutson Justice, Supreme Court of Minnesota since 1948. b. Oct. 9, 1899 in Superior, Wis. Graduate of U. of Minnesota in 1927, and practiced law at Warren from 192740. He was mayor of Warren, 1936-41, resigning to take post as district court judge, a position he held from 1941-48. Member of Warren Lodge No. 150, Warren, Minn.; Pierson Chapter No. 41, R.A.M. and Constantine Commandery No. 2, K.T. both of Crookston, Minn. Shrine membership in Kern Temple of Grand Forks, N.D.

William Koch Former president of National Life Insurance Co. of Des Moines. Was in insurance business 50 years, 27 of them as president of the above company. Retired in 1956. Venerable grand prior, and sovereign grand inspector general, 33°, Active, AASR (SJ). Received 32° in 1902; KCCH in 1913, and 33° in 1917. Appointed deputy for Iowa in 1935 and crowned active member in 1937. Initiated in Home Lodge No. 370, Des Moines in 1900; also member of chapter, council, commandery, Red Cross of Constantine, National Sojourners, DeMolay, and Shrine.

Herbert C. Kohler (1891-1953) Managing editor of Reading Times (Pa.) b. Jan. 27, 1891 in Berks Co., Pa. Started as feature writer on Reading Herald (Pa.) in 1909, and from 1916-21 was an accountant with Bethlehem Steel Co. He later edited the Allentown (Pa.) Record, and was city editor of Norristown (Pa.) Times-Herald. He campaigned to end coal mine pollution and to clean the Schuylkill River. Member of Chandler Lodge No. 227, Reading, Pa., receiving degrees on Dec. 11, 1948, Jan. 26 and Feb. 23, 1949. 32° AASR (NJ) and Shriner. d. Dec. 27, 1953.

Walter J. Kohler (1875-1940) Governor of Wisconsin, 1929-30; President of Kohler Co., 1905-37; and chairman of board from 1937. b. March 3, 1875 in Sheboygan, Wis. He became associated with the Kohler Co. in 1890. His father was founder of the company. He was a participant in making Kohler, Wis. an American industrial garden city, for which he was awarded the national service fellowship by the Society of Arts and Sciences, N.Y. in 1934. He was an officer of many railroads and corporations. Be-

37 Takashi Komatsu came a member of Sheboygan Lodge No. 11, Sheboygan, Wis. in 1896. d. April 21, 1940.

Takashi Komatsu Japanese business executive and the first native born Japanese to become master of a Masonic lodge (Tokyo Lodge No. 125 of Toyko, Japan under Philippine constitution in 1955). b. March, 1886 in Mishima, Shizuoka-ken, Japan. Graduate of Monmouth Coll. in 1910 and Harvard in 1911. Secretary to president of Oriental Steamship Co., 1914-21; member of Japanese delegation to conference on limitation of naval armaments in 1921; member of three-power naval conference at Geneva in 1927; managing director of Asano Shipbuilding Co., 1928-40; director of Nippon Steel Tube Co., 1940-46, and vice president in 1946, retiring in 1946. Mason, 32° AASR and Shriner.

Jan Amos Komensky (1592-1670) Czech theologian and educator, whose writings and thoughts did much to lay the background for Freemasonry. He studied in Heidelberg; was driven by the Spanish into Poland in 1621. He gained fame by innovations in methods of teaching, especially of languages. He was called to Sweden in 1642, to improve the educational system. He was the last bishop (elected 1648) of the Unitas Fratrum at Leszno. After Leszno was burned by the Poles in 1656, he settled in Amsterdam, where he died, Nov. 15, 1670. He was the author of the first textbook with pictures adapted for teaching of children. In Sept., 1628 he became associated with the secret society, "Cross of Roses." He was master of this pre-Masonic organization that was based on Egyptian and Arabian mysteries. His thesis was "The construction of the Temple of Wisdom on the principles which were fixed by the Creator of the World—the God.”

John Konkerpot (or Konkipot) American Indian, who was the son ofthe grand sachem of the Oneida tribe. He supposedly was initiated in a lodge at Newburyport, Mass. He was a member of the "Munsey" division in the Revolution, and it is claimed that he impoverished himself to help the American cause. He later received Masonic aid.

John C. Koons (1873-1937) Chairman of committee which developed parcel post in the U.S.; 1st Assistant Postmaster General; Vice President of Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co. b. Feb. 13, 1873 in Patapsco, Md. Began in railway mail service and was subsequently inspector of Kansas City division (1906-11) ; division superintendent of railway mail at Cleveland; chief postoffice inspector, 1911-16; 1st assistant postmaster general, 1916-21. Mason. d. April 12, 1937.

Frederick B. Koontz (1889-1953) President of Mid-Continent Petroleum Corp., 1946-48 and Vice Chairman of Board since 1948. b. July 14, 1889 at New Martinsville, W.Va. Started working for oil companies in 1908. Was chemist with Union Oil of Calif., Shell Petroleum, Standard Oil. With Mid-Continent from 1917. From 192846 he was vice president and director in charge of manufacturing. Breeder -of thoroughbred horses, cattle and sheep. Member of Petroleum Lodge No. 474 at Tulsa, Okla., receiving degrees on Jan. 16, May 28 and June 25, 1920. d. Oct. 29, 1953.

Herman P. Kopplemann (1880-1957) U.S. Congressman to 75th, 77th and 79th Congresses from 1st Conn. dist. b. May 1, 1880 in Odessa, Russia, and was brought to America in 1882. He began as a newsboy in Hartford, Conn. in 1888. Was a publisher's agent for newspapers and magazines. He served one term in the state legislature and two in the state senate. He was vice president of the United Synagogue of America. Initiated in

38 Lajos (Louis) Kossuth St. John's Lodge No. 4, Hartford, Conn. on Nov. 15, 1911. d. Aug. 11, 1957.

Paul R. Korbel Dr. Korbel was secretary of the Czechoslovakian lodge "Comenius in Exile" established in London, England in July, 1941. Its membership was made up of Czech exiles. After the war he became grand secretary of the National Grand Lodge of Czechoslovakia (Nov. 1946), but with the advent of communism in that country, Masonic meetings were prohibited and all Masonic groups ceased work. He had received the Royal Arch degrees in England with the idea of establishing Royal Arch Masonry in his own country at a propitious time. He is now a resident of New York City.

Thaddeus Kosciusko (1746-1817) Polish patriot and General of American Revolution. Full name was Tadeusz Andrzej Bonawentura Kosciuszko (in Polish). b. Feb. 12, 1746 in Minsk, Lithuania. He was educated in the Royal Coll. at Warsaw, graduating in 1769. He then studied engineering and artillery in France, and came to America with a recommendation from Franklin to General Washington. He was appointed colonel of engineers in the Continental army, Oct. 18, 1776, and was in charge of constructing the fortifications at West Point, 1778-80, and in charge of transportation in Green's retreat of 1781. He was made brigadier general, Oct. 13, 1783, and was one of the founders of the Order of Cincinnati. He returned to Poland in 1784, and became a major general in the Polish army in 1879. He led the rebellion of 1794, and became dictator of Poland, but was captured and imprisoned by Russia from 1794-96. He visited America in 1797-98, and was a resident of France from 1798. d. in Switzerland when his horse fell off a cliff on Oct. 15, 1817. Although he is often referred to as a Mason, there is no definite Lodge No. 1085 of New York City was warranted, May 3, 1928, and named in his honor. At this time, it is the only Polish lodge in the world.

Lajos (Louis) Kossuth (1802-1894) Hungarian patriot and statesman. b. in 1802 at Monok, Hungary. Imprisoned by Austrian government on political charges from 1837-40, during which time he taught himself English. In 1841 he become editor of the Pesti Hirlap, prominent Hungarian daily newspaper, and through its pages presented his liberal views. The liberal party seated him as finance minister in the government of 1848. He persuaded the Hungarian national assembly to declare independence from Austria (1848-49), and he was appointed governor of Hungary with dictatorial powers. When the insurrection was crushed, Aug. 11, 1849, Kosuth fled into exile in Turkey, where he was imprisoned from 184951, and finally released by the intervention of the U.S., which sent the U.S. Mississippi to bring him to London; later he came to the U.S., residing in this country in 1951-52. He then returned to England and remained there several years. In 1859 he went to Italy, where he organized an Hungarian legion and rendered valiant service to the Italian liberators, Mazzini and Garibaldi, qq.v. He lived in Italy the rest of his life, dying at Turin, March 20, 1894, at the age of 91. On Feb. 18, 1852, Cincinnati Lodge No. 133, Cincinnati, Ohio, received an extraordinary letter. It was a hand written petition from Kossuth: "To the Worshipful Master, Wardens and Brethren of Cincinnati Lodge No. 133 of Free and Accepted Masons. The petition of the subscriber respectfully showeth that having long entertained a favorable opinion of your ancient institution, he is desirous of being admitted a member thereof if found worthy. Being an exile for liberty's sake, he has now no fixed place of resi- proof of his membership. Kosciuszko dence, is now staying at Cincinnati;

39 August Friedrich F. von Kotzebue his age is 491/2 years, his occupation is to restore his native land, Hungary, to its national independence, and to achieve by community of action with other nations, civil and religious liberty in Europe. Louis Kossuth." At the same time petitions were received from the following members of his staff—Col. Count Gregory Bethlen, Peter A. Nagi, Paul Hajnik, and Ulius Utosy Strasser. The petitions were made a case of emergency, and the next day they were initiated (Feb. 19) and passed, and raised the following day. Kossuth and his staff also became members of Cincinnati Chapter No. 2, RA.M., according to Dr. James J. Tyler, historian of the Grand Lodge of Ohio. On Feb. 28, 1852, Kossuth attended a meeting of Center Lodge No. 23, Indianapolis, and addressed the lodge, followed by a visit to St. John's Lodge No. 1 of Newark, N.J. On May 10, 1852 he addressed the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts.

August Friedrich F. von Kotzebue (1761-1819) German author and dramatist. He was the author of over 200 dramatic works including tragedies, historical verse, dramas, comedies, and farces. In 1818 he wrote Der Freimaurer (The Freemason), a play, at Leipsic. He was in Russian civil service from 1781-90„ and later retired to Paris and Mainz to devote himself to writing. On his return to Russia, he was arrested on political grounds and taken to Siberia in 1800. He managed to win the favor of Paul I, q.v., and was released in 1801. He became the director of the German theater in St. Petersburg, but became unpopular through quarrels with Goethe, q.v., and his attacks on the romantic school. He then edited several journals in Germany, and was Russian consul general in Koningsberg, and political observer for Russia in 1817. He was a member of the Royal Lodge of Three Axes. Stabbed to death by a university student for ridiculing the Burschenschaft movement.

Walter E. Krafft Vice President of Continental Casualty Co., Chicago, from 1941. b. Sept. 15, 1890 in Chicago. Graduate Kent Coll. of Law, 1920. Has been with Continental since 1919, beginning as assistant to vice president, and later secretary. Member of Austin Lodge No. 850, Chicago, Ill. Shriner.

Kenneth Kramer Managing Editor of Business Week, New York City since 1954. b. April 28, 1904 in Batesville, Ind. Graduate of DePauw U. in 1927. Edited newspapers in Ind. and Calif., and was Pacific coast editor of the Wall Street Journal from 1930-34, and news editor of same at Washington, 1935-44. Became executive editor of Business Week in 1946. Member of Batesville Lodge No. 668, Batesville, Ind.

Nelson G. Kraschel Governor of Iowa, 1937-38. b. Oct. 27, 1889 at Macon, Ill. A live stock auctioneer from 1910, he has conducted sales in 22 states and Canada, selling more than 50 million dollars worth of agricultural property. Was lieutenant governor of Iowa from 1933-37. Member of South Macon Lodge No. 467, Macon, Ill.

Sydney M. Kraus Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy. b. July 16, 1887 in Peru, Ind. Graduate of U.S. Naval Academy in 1908. Received degrees in Miami Lodge No. 67, Peru, Ind. on Sept. 3, 20, 23, 1915. Member of Peru Chapter No. 62, RA.M., Peru, Ind.

Carl Christian F. Krause (17811832) German Philosopher and Masonic author. b. May 6, 1781 in Eisenberg, Germany. Received Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1801, and taught at U. of Jena until 1805, when he moved to Dresden, where he remained until 1813. He sought to purify the German language, and advocated a union of mankind to work toward a goal of universal development. He also created the "all-in-God" philosophical system of pantheism—the

40 Frederick C. Kroeger doctrine that God includes the world as apart, though not the whole, of His being. He was initiated in the Lodge Archimedes in 1805. The German craft at this time was only for the elect, the noble, the rich, and the great, hence Masonic literature was scarce, poor, and usually incorrect. Krause, an intelligent man, began to write the Masonic literature he could not find. As orator of the Lodge of the Three Swords, he placed his ideas before the lodge and they were well received. But when he proposed to put his ideas into print, to make Freemasonry the germinating ground of a world order for peace and prosperity, his Masonic superiors became frightened. When he did publish his Three Oldest Documents of the Brotherhood of Freemasons, he ran into Masonic grief. The three German grand lodges tried to buy his work to destroy it, but failing in that he was expelled from Freemasonry and persecuted by Freemasons for the rest of his life. Today, Krause stands as perhaps the greatest gift of German Freemasonry to the Masonic world. His progressive mind was ahead of his time. d. Sept. 27, 1832.

Sebastian S. Kresge Founder and president of the chain stores bearing his name. b. July 31, 1867, in Bald Mount, Pa. Early in life he was a bookkeeper in Scranton and salesman in Wilkes-Barre. He started in the 5 & 10¢ store with J. G. McCrory at Memphis in 1897. In 1912 the syndicate name was changed to S. S. Kresge Co., Inc., of which he is chairman of the board. It operates about 700 stores in U.S. and Canada. He is chairman of the board of The Fair Dept. Store, Chicago. He is founder, sole donor, trustee and treasurer of the Kresge Foundation, Detroit. Member of Palestine Lodge No. 357, Detroit, Mich.

Samuel H. Kress (1863-1955) Founder of S. H. Kress & Co.; philanthropist. b. in 1863 in Cherryville, of a family that dates back to the American Revolution. As a youth he worked in the stone quarries, studied diligently, and at 17 obtained a teaching certificate. His first pedagogical job was handling a class of 80 pupils of all ages for $25 a month, and walking three miles each way to school. He then entered the retail mercantile business at Nanticoke, Pa. in 1887. He went into the wholesale stationery business at Wilkes-Barre, Pa. in 1890, and these developed into the present S. H. Kress & Co., 5-10-250 stores in 29 states. He was the founder and president of the Samuel H. Kress Foundation. Kress was unmarried. An avid art lover, he acquired a collection of paintings and sculpture, particularly of the Italian school, which was presented, virtually intact, to the National Gallery of Art in Washington. In 1929 he gave the Italian government a large sum for the restoration of a number of architectural treasures of that country. Many American museums and art galleries have received valuable paintings and sculpture from him. The Kress Foundation has dispensed millions to worthy organizations and institutions. Mason. d. Sept 22, 1955.

Herbert F. Krimendahl President of Stokely-Van Camp, Inc. since 1948. b. in 1896 at Celina, Ohio. Began with Crampton Canneries at Celina in 1919, and was president from 1923-44. Served as vice president of Stokely Foods, Inc. at Indianapolis, 1944-46, and became executive vice president of Stokely-Van Camp in 1946; president in 1948, director in 1946, vice chairman of board from 1956. President of National Canners Assn. in 1940. Member of Celina Lodge No. 241, Celina, Ohio. Shriner.

Frederick C. Kroeger (1888-1944) Vice President of General Motors Corp. from 1940. b. April 27, 1888 in Winona, Minn. Graduate of Purdue

41 Nicolai Johan Lohmann Krog U. in 1911. Was a student engineer with General Electric from 1911-13. Became chief engineer of Remey Electric Division of General Motors, 1922, and general manager of same from 1929-40. He was general manager of the Allison Division of General Motors from 1940. Mason. d. Aug. 10, 1944.

Nicolai Johan Lohmann Krog (1787-1856) Norwegian Secretary of State for War. Was master of Lodge No. 1, St. Oland til den hvide Leopard (1833-56) and first master of St. Andrew's Lodge Oscar at den flantmende Stjerne (1841-44).

Haagen Andreas Magnus Krogh (1813-1863) Judge. The first master of the Norwegian Steward's Lodge (1859-1863). A K. of C. of the Order of King Charles XIII.

Glenn R. Krueger Vice President of General Mills from 1946. b. Nov. 24, 1901 at Fenton, Iowa. Graduate of Hamline U. in 1924. Has been with General Mills since 1925 as district sales manager, director of flour merchandising, assistant general sales manager, general sales manager, and general flour sales manager. Mason.

Walter Krueger General, U.S. Army. b. Jan. 26, 1881 in Faltow, Germany. He served as an enlisted man from 1898-1901, when he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 30th Infantry, advancing through grades to brigadier general in 1936, major general in 1939, lieutenant general in 1941, general March 5, 1945, retiring in July, 1946. He served in the Spanish-American War, Philippine Insurrection, Mexican border. In WWI he served overseas as chief of staff of the A.E.F. Tank Corps. After the war he served as instructor in various service schools. He was chief of the War Plans Division of the War Department and member of the joint Army and Navy Board, 1936-38. His commands have included the 6th In-fantry, 16th Infantry, 2nd Division, VIII Corps (1940-41), Third Army (1941-43), Sixth Army (in Southwest Pacific including occupation of Japan). He is the author of From. Down, Under to Nippon and The Story of the Sixth Army in World War II; and has translated and published many military books from the German. Member of Hancock Lodge No. 311 at Ft. Leavenworth, Kans. since 1906. National Sojourner and Hero of '76.

Otto Kruger Actor in movies, radio, and television. b. 1885 in Toledo, Ohio. Member of St. Cecile Lodge No. 568, New York City. He was exalted in Corinthian Chapter No. 159, Brooklyn, Oct. 27, 1921; greeted in Columbia Council No. 1, R. & S.M., N.Y.C., April 6, 1922; and knighted in Ivanhoe Commandery No. 36, K.T. N.Y.C., March 30, 1922.

Wilmer Krusen (1869-1943) President of Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science, 1927-41. b. May 18, 1869 in Richboro, Pa. Received M.D. degree from Jefferson Medical Coll. (Philadelphia) in 1893. He began as a pharmacy clerk in 1886, and became professor of gynecology at Temple U. in 1902. He was director of health of Philadelphia from 1916-28. Member of Olivet Lodge No. 607, Philadelphia, receiving degrees on Jan. 23, Feb. 27, _and March 27, 1906. 33° AASR (NJ). d. Feb. 9, 1943.

Franz C. Kuhn (1872-1926) Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Michigan, 1917-18. b. Feb. 8, 1872 in Detroit, Mich. Graduate of U. of Michigan in 1893 and 1894. Practiced law at Mt. Clemens. He served as prosecuting attorney, probate judge, and attorney general of Michigan. He was on the state supreme court from 1912-19, when he retired to become president of the Michigan Bell Telephone Co. Member of Mt. Clemens Lodge No. 6, Mt. Clemens, Mich., receiving degrees on March 29, June 6, and July 24, 1917. d. June 16, 1926.

42 Louis A. Kunzig William F. Kuhn (1849-1924) Neurologist; and General Grand High Priest of the General Grand Chapter, R.A.M., 1921-24. b. April 15, 1849 in Lyons, N.Y. He received an A.B. and A.M. from Wittenberg Coll. (Springfield, Ohio) in 1875, and 1878, and an M.D. from Jefferson Medical Coll. (Philadelphia) in 1884. He began medical practice at Kansas City, Mo. in 1888. From 1905-09 he was superintendent of the state asylum for the insane, and from 1900-05 was president of the Kansas City Coll. of Pharmacy. He was a professor of psychiatry at the U. of Kansas School of Medicine from 1904. Raised in Belle Center Lodge No. 347, Belle Center, Ohio, April 30, 1877, he affiliated with Patmos Lodge No. 97, El Dorado, Kans. serving as master three years. He was a charter member and first master of York Lodge No. 563, Kansas City, Mo. He was grand orator of the Grand Lodge of Missouri in 1893, and grand master in 1903. Exalted in Lafayette Chapter No. 60, R.A.M., Bellefontaine, Ohio in Feb., 1892, he affiliated with Orient Chapter No. 102, Kansas City, Mo. in 1888, served as high priest in 1891, and grand high priest of Missouri in 1897. He was elected general grand high priest of the General Grand Chapter, R.A.M. at Asheville, N.C. in 1921. Dr. Kuhn laid the foundation for the educational work of the General Grand Chapter - and wrote much on Freemasonry. He was greeted in Hiram Council No. 1, R. & S.M. in St. Louis, Mo., Nov. 1891, and became a charter member and first master of Shekinah Council No. 24, Kansas City. In 1893 (two years after he had received his degrees) he was made grand master of the Grand Council, R. & S.M. of Missouri. He was the author of the arrangement of the Super Excellent Master degree adopted at Indianapolis in 1912. Knighted in El Dorado Commandery No. 19, K.T., El Dorado, Kans. on June 8, 1887, he was commander in 1888, affiliating with Oriental Corn-mandery No. 35, Kansas City in Oct., 1889, and served as its commander in 1910. He was elected grand commander of the Grand Commandery of Missouri in 1910. Received 32° AASR (SJ) in Kansas City, Mo. and KCCH in Oct., 1923. He was first sovereign of Mary Conclave No. 5, Red Cross of Constantine at Kansas City, and was grand sovereign of the Grand Imperial Council in 1902, receiving the Grand Cross of the order at Boston in 1899. d. Sept. 1, 1924.

Elroy J. Kulas (1880-1952) President and Director of Midland Steel Products Co., Cleveland, Ohio. b. March 21, 1880 in Cleveland. Director of several railroads and corporations. Manufactured cartridge cases for Italian, French, British, and U.S. governments in WWI. Member of Woodward Lodge No. 508, Cleveland, Ohio, receiving degrees on Sept. 24, Oct. 8, and Nov. 5, 1902. 32° AASR (NJ). d. May 14, 1952.

Louis A. Kunzig (1882-1956) Brigadier General, U.S. Army. b. Jan. 6, 1882 at Altoona, Pa. Graduate of U.S. Military Academy in 1905, where he was a classmate of General Douglas McArthur, q.v. He served as secretary of the Alaska Road Commission in charge of purchases; as colonel of the 11th Infantry at Fort Benjamin Harrison near Indianapolis; commandant of Fort Wayne, Detroit, and of Camp Blanding, Fla. After his retirement in 1944, he was business manager of the Michigan Liquor Control Commission, and from 1952 was executive director of the Scottish Rite in Detroit, Mich. He entered Masonry early, becoming a member of Mountain Lodge No. 281, Altoona, Pa. Received the 32° AASR at Detroit in 1918, and 33° in Sept., 1938. In 1954 he was sovereign of St. Clement Conclave No. 39 of Red Cross of Constantine, Detroit. While he was commandant at Fort Wayne, he placed a paper on the desk of his adjutant to sign; it was a

43 Egor Andrevich Kushelev Scottish Rite petition. His adjutant was Lieutenant George E. Bushnell, q.v., who, since 1954 has been sovereign grand commander of the Scottish Rite, Northern Jurisdiction! d. Aug. 7, 1956 on a Baltimore & Ohio train en route to Washington, D.C.

Egor Andrevich Kushelev (17631826) Russian Lieutenant General, and Senator. He was deputy grand master of the Grand Lodge Astrea, and while Count Rgevussky, the grand master, was in Poland, Kushelev, as acting grand master, made a report to Emperor Alexander I, q.v., on the state of Russian Freemasonry (June, 1821). This report, undoubtedly, led to the edict of Alexander against all Freemasonry on August 1, 1822, and forever killed Freemasonry in Russia. Kushelev was a Mason of the old school; a very religious man and an extreme conservative. His Masonic ideal was the Swedish system, as originally introduced into Russia in the 18th century. When elected deputy grand master in 1820, he attempted to restore the old rules and doctrines as he saw them, but was opposed by other members. As a result, he recommended to the emperor that Masonry come under closer control of the government or be permanently closed. The emperor closed it! Mikhail Ilarionovich Kutuzov (1745-1813) Prince of Smolensk and Russian Field Marshal. b. in St. Petersburg. He served in Poland from 1764-69, and against the Turks in 177072 and 1811-12. He was ambassador at Constantinople, governor of Finland, and governor of St. Petersburg. He commanded an army in the wars against Napoleon (1805-12), and was defeated at Austerlitz. He was commander-in-chief against both the French and the Turks. He was one of the leading Russian Freemasons of the time.

Herbert W. Ladd (1843-?) Governor of Rhode Island, 1889-92. b. Oct. 15, 1843 in New Bedford, Mass. In dry goods business most of his life, forming firm of Ladd & Davis at Providence which later became The H. W. Ladd Co. In 1891 he presented a fully equipped astronomy observatory to Brown U. Member of Eureka Lodge, New Bedford, Mass. Suspended Aug. 6, 1880. Deceased.

Carl Laemmle (1867-1939) Motion picture executive. b. Jan. 17, 1867 in Laupheim, Germany, coming to U.S. in 1884. He was a clerk in New York and Chicago, and became manager of the Continental Clothing House at Oshkosh, Wis. In 1906 he opened a moving picture theatre in Chicago, founding the Laemmle Film Service the same year. He was president of Universal Pictures Corp. until 1936. Member of Pacific Lodge No. 233, New York City, and of the "233 Club" (Masonic) of Hollywood, Calif. d. Sept. 24, 1939.

Marquis de Lafayette (1757-1834) French statesman and officer; hero of the American Revolution. His name in full was Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert de Motier. b. Sept. 6, 1757 in the family castle "Chavaniac" at Auvergne, France. His father, a soldier, had died at the Battle of Minden a few weeks before his birth, and his mother died in 1770, leaving him a vast estate. He refused a prominent position in the French court to become a soldier in 1771. He withdrew from the service in 1776, outfitted his own ship, Victoire, and sailed with 15 other young adventurers, including Baron de Kalb, q.v., tofight with the American colonists against England. At first their services were refused by congress, but noting Lafayette's full pocketbook, connections at the French court, and his offer to serve without pay, he was commissioned a major general in the Continental Army on July 31, 1777. He became an intimate associate of Washington. At Brandywine he was severely wounded while rallying the American forces from a retreat. He was appointed to lead an expedition to invade Canada, but the plan was never carried out, for lack of funds. He was with Washington at Valley Forge; served on the court martial that tried Major Andre; stationed at Tappan, N.Y.; served in Virginia; and was at the Battle of Yorktown and the surrender of Cornwallis. In 1778-80 he was on furlough in France to assist Franklin in obtaining financial aid from France for the colonists. Lafayette returned to France in Dec. 1781, almost as soon as the war had been won. He was now the hero of two nations, both America and France. He became a member of the French national assembly in 1789, where he showed his liberal sympathies. He was instrumental in bringing about the adoption of the present French tri-colored flag, and a founder of the Club of the Feuillants, the conservative liberals who sought to establish a constitutional monarchy in 1780. He commanded an army in the war with Austria, but when he opposed further advance of the Jacobites, he was declared a traitor by the national assembly. He fled to Flanders and was imprisoned by the Austrians from 1792-97. His flight probably saved his life as his compa-

Ruby Laffoon triots were executed during his imprisonment. He returned to France in 1799, but took no part in politics, being opposed to Napoleon's policies. He was a member of the chamber of deputies in 1815, 1818-24, and a leader of the oposition from 1825-30. He commanded the national guard in the revolution of 1830. He returned to America for his first visit of five months in 1784. It was on this visit that he presented Washington the Masonic apron made by Madame Lafayette. It is now in the possession of the Grand Lodge of Pa. He returned again in 1824-25, at the invitation of a grateful congress, which had voted him $200,000. This time he toured all the 25 states and received more Masonic honors than any Freemason before or since. From Maine to Georgia, and Missouri to Louisiana, lodges, chapters, councils, commanderies, scottish rite and grand lodges vied with each other in conferring honorary degrees, citations, gifts and memberships. Strangely enough, it is not known where or when he received his degrees. Some say it was in an army lodge in Morristown, N.J. Others feel it was in the winter of 1777 at Valley Forge. In addressing the Grand Lodge of Tennessee on May 4, 1825, Lafayette, himself, stated that he was initiated before he ever came to America. He would have been under 21, but at that time "Lewis" Masons (under age) were being raised in France. A Spanish Masonic history states that he was a member of Loge La Candeur of Paris, founded in 1775. A French Masonic history says his name is among the lists of members of Loge Contrat Social of Paris between the years 1773 and 1791. He received the chapter degrees in Jerusalem Chapter No. 8, R.A.M., New York City, Sept. 12, 1824. His son, George Washington Lafayette, received them in the same chapter four days earlier. He was knighted in Morton Commandery No. 4, K.T. in joint conclave with Colum- bian Commandery No. 1 of N.Y.C. He received the Scottish Rite degrees in the Cerneau Supreme Council of N.Y., and was made 33° and honorary grand commander of that body. The Supreme Council of France AASR elected him a member, Nov. 21, 1830. More than 75 Masonic bodies in the U.S. have been named after him, including 39 lodges, 18 chapters, 4 councils, 4 commanderies, and 7 Scottish rite bodies. d. May 20, 1834.

Ruby Laffoon (1869-1941) Governor of Kentucky, 1931-35. b. Jan. 15, 1869 at Madisonville, Ky. Began practice of law at Madisonville in 1892. He served terms as county attorney and circuit judge. Member and past master of Madisonville Lodge No. 143, Madisonville, Ky. d. May 1, 1941.

Robert M. La Follette (1855-1925) Governor of Wisconsin, 1901-1905, and U.S. Senator, 1905-1929. b. June 14, 1855 in Primrose, Wis. Graduate of U. of Wisconsin in 1879, he was admitted to the bar in 1880. He was U.S. congressman from the 3rd Wis. dist. to the 49th through 51st congresses (1885-91). He resigned his governorship in 1905 to become U.S. senator, although he had been elected as governor for term of 1905-07. In 1904 he led the movement to nominate all candidates by direct vote. He is represented in Statuary Hall of the U.S. Capital. He became a member of Madison Lodge No. 5, in 1894; Madison Chapter No. 4, R.A.M. in 1895 and Robert McCoy Commandery No. 3, K.T., in 1897, all of Madison, Wis. Received 32° AASR in Wisconsin Consistory on April 10, 1902. Member of Tripoli Shrine Temple of Milwaukee. d. June 18, 1925.

Henri Lafontaine (1854-1943) Belgian Senator and recipient of Nobel Peace Prize in 1913. A lawyer and politician, he was senator in 1895. He was a strong advocate of international arbitration and of the Permanent

46 Simon Lake Court of International Justice: The bulletin of the International Masonic Congress of 1917 lists him as a Freemason.

Fiorello H. La Guardia (1882-1947) U.S. Congressman and Mayor of New York City. b. Dec. 11, 1882 in New York City. Graduate of New York U. in 1910. He was with the American consulate in Budapest, Hungary and Trieste, Austria, 1901-04, and at Fiume, Hungary, 1904-06. From 1907-10 he was an interpreter at Ellis Island, N.Y. He began law practice in 1910 in New York City. A member of the 65th and 66th U.S. congresses (191719) and 68-72nd congresses (1923-33). La Guardia served three terms as mayor of New York City, from 193445. In 1946 he was special U.S. ambassador to Brazil, and director general of the UNRRA the same year. In WWI he was in the U.S. Air Service, achieving the rank of major. He commanded the 8th Centre Aviation School and was attached to night and day bombing squadrons on the Italian front. He was raised in Garibaldi Lodge No. 542, N.Y.C. in 1913, and received a life membership in that lodge on Oct. 17, 1933. d. Sept. 20, 1947.

Guido Laj (?-1948) Grand Master of the Grand Orient of Italy immediately following WWII. Dr. Laj was selected by the Allied governments to be vice mayor of Rome when they occupied it. It was largely through his efforts that the Italian Freemasons were once again able to start work after years of persecution under Mussolini. The officers of the old grand lodge, which had been dissolved in 1925, had suffered heavily. Only 16 of the 22 were alive. Some had undergone imprisonment, banishment, and even death. Dr. Laj was elected grand master on Nov. 18, 1945. d. Nov. 1948.

Everett T. Lake (1871-1948) Governor of Connecticut, 1921-22. b. Feb.8, 1871 in Woodstock, Conn. Graduate of Harvard in 1892. President of Hartford Lumber Co. 1900-39; he had been with the concern since 1893. He served terms in both houses of the state legislature and was lieutenant governor in 1907-08. Received the degrees in Feb., 1907 in St. Johns Lodge No. 4, Hartford, Conn. Suspended NPD in 1939. d. Sept. 16, 1948.

Gerard, 1st Viscount Lake (17441808) British general. He served in Germany, 1760-62, and fought against the American colonists in the Revolution in 1781. He was in the Low Countries in 1793-94. He received the surrender of the French at Cloone, and in 1800-03 was commander-in-chief in India. In India he took Delhi and Agra; won the battles of Laswari and Farrukhabad. He was created baron in 1804 and viscount in 1807. He joined the Prince of Wales Lodge No. 259, London, on Aug. 28, 1787.

Simon Lake (1866-1945) American naval architect, who in 1897 built the Argonaut, the first submarine to operate successfully in the open sea. b. Sept. 4, 1866, in Pleasantville, N.J. He was the inventor of even keel type of submarine torpedo boats, building the first experimental boat in 1894. He designed and built many submarine torpedo boats for the U.S. as well as foreign countries. He spent several years in Russia, Germany, and England, designing, building, and acting in an advisory capacity in submarine construction. He also invented a submarine apparatus for locating and recovering sunken vessels, and another for pearl and sponge fishing, as well as a heavy oil internal combustion engine for marine purposes. He was president of The Lake Submarine Co., Lake Engineering Co., Merchant Submarine Co., Sale Submarine Salvage Corp., Lake Torpedo Boat Co., and Industrial Submarine Corp. Initiated in Monmouth Lodge No. 172, Atlantic Highlands, N.J. and affiliated

47 Joseph Jerome de Lalande with Ansantawae Lodge No. 89, Milford, Conn. on Nov. 18, 1910. d. June

Joseph Jerome de Lalande (17321807) French astronomer. Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences; he wrote Histoire Celeste Francaise in 1801, which cataloged nearly 50,000 stars. He was sent to Berlin by the French Academy in 1751 to determine the moon's parallax. He was director of the Paris observatory from 1768, and worked on the planetary theory, improving the planetary tables of Halley and others. In 1769 he instituted the lodge Des Sciences, and is credited as a founder of the lodge Des Neuf Soeurs.

DietrickLamade (1859-1938) Founder and publisher of Grit, the national weekly small town newspaper. b. Feb. 6, 1859 in Goelshausen, Baden, Germany. He was brought to the U.S. in 1867, and educated in the public schools. He learned the printer's trade, and in 1884 founded the Grit Publishing Co. His sons, George R. and Howard J., qq.v., have carried on the newspaper. Member of Ivy Lodge No. 397, Williamsport, Pa., receiving degrees on April 4, May 2, and June 16, 1893. Served as master in 1900. Dietrick Lamade Lodge No. 755, Williamsport, is named in his honor. d. Oct. 9, 1938.

George R. Lamade Publisher of Grit, the weekly small town newspaper established by his father, Die-trick Lamade, q.v., in 1884. b. April

24, 1894 in Williamsport, Pa. Studied journalism at U. of Missouri and Columbia U. He left the U. of Missouri in Dec. 1916 and volunteered in the French Army. In 1918 he was commissioned 1st lieutenant in the U.S. Army and served with the A.E.F. until 1919. He then joined his father in the Grit Publishing Co., becoming vice president in 1922, general manager in 1936, and president since 1938.

Received degrees in Ivy Lodge No. 397, Williamsport, Pa. on Sept. 5 and Sept. 7, 1916 at age of 22. Withdrew June 3, 1947 to affiliate with Dietrick Lamade Lodge No. 755, Williamsport, named in honor of his father. 33° AASR (NJ).

Howard J. Lamade Vice President and Director of Grit, the weekly small town newspaper established by his father, Dietrick Lamade, q.v. Chemistry graduate of Pennsylvania State U. in 1913, and journalism graduate of U. of Missouri in 1913. Has been with Grit Publishing Co. since 1913, starting as a clerk. Has been secretary, vice president, and director since 1920. Chairman of board of Williamsport Hotels Co. since 1954. Received degrees in Ivy Lodge No. 397, Williamsport, Pa. on Sept. 5 and Dec. 26, 1912 at age of 21. Withdrew on June 3, 1947 to become member of Dietrick Lamade Lodge No. 755, Williamsport, named in honor of his father. 33° AASR (NJ).

Gregorio A. Lamadrid (1795-1857) Argentine soldier and patroit, noted for his bravery as adjutant to General San Martin, q.v. He took part in the Peruvian wars of liberation and later commanded a cavalry division under General Urquiza, q.v., at the battle of Monte Caseros, when the tyrant Rosas was defeated in 1852. Mason.

Joseph R. Lamar (1857-1916) Justice of U.S. Supreme Court, 1910-16. b. Oct. 14, 1857 in Ruckersville, Ga. Graduate of Bethany Coll. (W.Va.) in 1877. Admitted to the bar in 1878, he practiced at Augusta until 1903. Served in Georgia lower house, 188689, and in 1896 was commissioned to codify the state laws. He served as justice of the supreme court of Georgia from 1901-05. His original lodge is not known, but he affiliated with Webb Lodge No. 166, Augusta, Oct. 16, 1882, serving as junior warden in

1883-84 and senior warden in 1885. He was exalted in Augusta Chapter No. 2, R.A.M., Augusta, Ga., July 7, 1886, and knighted in Georgia Commandery No. 1, K.T., Oct. 21, 1886. d. Jan. 1, 1916.

Mirabeau Bonaparte Lamar (17981859) Second President of Republic of Texas, 1838-41. b. Aug. 16, 1798 in Warren Co., Ga. As president of the republic, he rendered great service in behalf of the cause of education in Texas. He emphasized the importance of securing and setting apart a large amount of public lands for the support of public schools and universities. In 1828 he established the Columbus Independent in Ga. He emigrated to Texas in 1835, and was an active member of the revolutionary party. At San Jacinto he commanded a mounted company and led a charge that broke the Mexican line. He was commissioned major general, and later appointed attorney general in cabinet of Governor Smith. He became secretary of war, and in 1836 was the first vice president of the republic. While president, the independence of Texas was recognized by the principal powers of Europe. In the Mexican War, he joined Gen. Zachary Taylor's army at Matamoras and took an active part in the battle of Monterrey. In July, 1857, he was appointed U.S. minister to Argentina, but did not assume his post. In 1857 he was made resident minister to Nicaragua and Costa Rica, holding this position until 1859. He received his Entered Apprentice degree in Georgia (probably Columbus). On July 9, 1840 he was made a Fellowcraft in Harmony Lodge No. 6 of Galveston, and a Master Mason, July 21, 1840. At this time he was serving as president. The lodge still has the records of these meetings. d. Dec. 19, 1859.

Roland 0. Lamb (1850-1921) President of John Hancock Life Insurance Co., 1909-21. b. Dec. 20, 1850 in Beverly, Mass. He was a bookkeeper in a manufacturing house for five years, and in 1872 went with the John Hancock Co. as bookkeeper. He was sucessively chief clerk, secretary, vice president, and director. Also director of Mass. Fire and Marine Insurance Co. and Northeast Power Co. Initiated in Charity Lodge, Cambridge, Mass. and affiliated with Columbian Lodge, Boston on Jan. 5, 1905. Past commander of DeMolay Commandery, K.T. d. Nov. 14, 1921.

Princess Lamballe ( 1 7 4 9 -1 7 9 2 ) French noblewoman whose name was Marie Therese Louise de SavoieCarignan before her marriage to Prince de Lamballe. A personal friend of Marie Antoinette. She was an early member of French Adoptive Masonry which was given quasi-Masonic recognition by the Grand Orient of France. It was established by a fete d' adoption given by the Lodge of Candour under the Grand Orient in an impressive ceremony attended by the elite of French society, March 25, 1775. In 1780 a lodge of adoption was formed and attached to the Lodge of Social Contract (a regular lodge), and Princess Lamballe became the first grand mistress. The grand master of the lodge at this time was the Roman Catholic Abbe Bertolio, q.v. Among the initiates of this lodge were the Viscountess of Alfrey, the Viscountess of Narbonne and the Countess of Maine. Princess Lamballe was imprisoned in 1792. She refused to subscribe to the oath against the monarchy and was torn to pieces by a mob when she left the courthouse on Sept. 3, 1792.

William P. Lambertson (1880-1957) U.S. Congressman, 71st through 78th Congresses (1929-45) from 1st Kansas dist. b. March 23, 1880 in Fairview, Kans. Engaged in farming since his

49 Frederick J. Lamborn youth. He was a member of the Kansas state legislature between 1909-21, being speaker of the house two times. He was in the state senate for two terms. Member of Sabetha Lodge No. 162, Sabetha, Kans.; Mt. Horeb Chapter No. 43, R.A.M. and Hiawatha Commandery No. 13, K.T. at Hiawatha and 32° AASR (SJ) at Topeka. d. Oct. 26, 1957.

Frederick J. Lamborn Vice President and General Manager of Dodge Division of Chrysler Corp. b. Oct. 30, 1888 in Springfield, Ohio. He began as a machinist apprentice in 1902 and has been with Dodge Bros. Corp. since 1911, successively as foreman, general foreman, master mechanic, assistant factory manager, production manager, works manager. He was vice president in charge of manufacturing from 1936-43; vice president and general manager since 1943. Also director of Dodge Bros. Corp. Member of Friendship Lodge No. 417, Detroit, receiving degrees on Jan. 15, Jan. 30 and Feb. 27, 1914. Became life member of the lodge on Dec. 10, 1954. 32° AASR (NJ) and Shriner.

Uel W. Lamkin (1877-1956) President of Northwest Missouri State Teachers College, Maryville, Mo., 1921-46. b. Jan. 18, 1877 at California, Mo. He served as teacher, principal, and county superintendent of schools in Mo., and from 1916-18 was state superintendent of public schools. He was president of the Missouri State Teachers' Assn. in 1912-13, president of the National Education Association in 1928-29, and secretary general of the World Federation Education Assn. from 1935-41. Received degrees in Clinton Lodge No. 548, Clinton, Mo. on March 8, 22 and May 10, 1901. Affiliated with Nodaway Lodge No. 470, Maryville, Mo. on Oct. 10, 1923. d. Sept. 16, 1956.

June 8, 1868 in Ramsey, Isle of Man. Graduate of Theological Seminary of Va. and St. John's Coll. (Md.). Ordained deacon in 1894, and priest in 1895; he served churches in Hamilton, Va., Washington, D.C., St. Joseph, Mo., New Orleans, La., and Baltimore, Md. He was consecrated bishop of the missionary jurisdiction of Honolulu on June 29, 1921. Mason. d. Oct. 25, 1928.

Dinwiddie Lampton President of American Life and Accident Insurance Co. from 1913. b. April 21, 1885 at Springfield, Ky. He was with Prudential Life from 1906-10, organizing Union Life Insurance Co. in the latter year, and merging it with American Life & Accident. He purchased the assets of Kentucky State Life Co. in 1930. Mason, Shriner and member of Red Cross of Constantine. Member of Shibboleth Lodge No. 750, Louisville, Ky., receiving degrees on Jan. 1, Feb. 19 and March 19, 1907. Lodge changed name to Harry R. Kendall Lodge No. 750 on Oct. 21, 1952.

Frank S. Land Founder of Order of DeMolay in 1919 and Secretary General of same since that date. b. June 21, 1890 in Kansas City, Mo. From 1910-14 he was a merchant, and from 1914-20 was secretary of social service for the Kansas City Scottish Rite bodies. When ten years old, he -conducted a Sunday school class of 300 and was known as the "Boy preacher." In 1927 he founded the Young Men's Civic Forum International, and in 1930 was co-founder of Metro Clubs. He is a director of the Columbia National Bank, Kansas City; member of executive committee, National Security Commission, Washington; member of American Advisory Council, Yenching U., Peiping, China; and member of the National Youth Week Committee for U.S. He was raised in Ivanhoe Lodge No. 446, Kansas City, June 29, 1912; exalted in Kansas City Chapter No. 28, R.A.M., Oct. 25, 1912. In 1951 he re-

50 Joseph Lone ceived the first international gold "Royal Arch Medal" from the General Grand Chapter for his work in the humanities. Greeted in Shekinah Council No. 24, R. & S.M., Dec. 30, 1912, and affiliated with Kansas City Council No. 45, Sept. 11, 1944; knighted in Kansas City Commandery No. 10, K.T., Jan. 2, 1913. Received 32° AASR (SJ) in Kansas City on Nov. 14, 1912, coroneted 33° Oct. 25, 1925, and received Grand Cross of Court of Honor, Oct. 18, 1955. Admitted to Mary Conclave No. 5, Red Cross of Constantine April 20, 1946, served as sovereign in 1950; Past potentate of Ararat Shrine Temple, Kansas City, and Imperial potentate of the Shrine in 1954-55. d. Nov. 8, 1959.

Howe S. Landers (1885-1943) President of Metropolitan Casualty Insurance Co., N.Y. from 1932. b. Oct. 17, 1885 in Martinsville, Ind. Graduate of DePauw U. and Indiana Law School. Admitted to Indiana bar in 1908. Served as attorney for bank and insurance companies. Became vice president and general counsel of Metropolitan Co. in 1931. He was also president and director of many other corporations. Mason. d. March 15, 1943.

Gerald W. Landis U.S. Congressman to 76th through 80th Congresses (1939-49) from 7th Ind. dist. b. Feb. 23, 1895 in Bloomfield, Ind. Graduate of Indiana U. Member of Linton Lodge No. 560, Linton, Ind., receiving degrees in 1917. 32° AASR (NJ) at Evansville, Ind.

Alfred M. Landon Governor of Kansas, 1933-37, and Republican presidential nominee in 1936. b. Sept. 9, 1887 in West Middlesex, Pa. Graduate of U. of Kansas in 1908. He was a bookkeeper in bank at Independence, Kansas until 1912, and since that date has been an oil producer. Served as 1st lieutenant in Chemical Warfare Service in WWI. Member of Pan- American Conference at Lima, Peru in 1938. Was raised in Fortitude Lodge No. 107 in 1909; member of Keystone Chapter No. 22, R.A.M.; Independence Council No. 15, R. & S. M.; St. Bernard Commandery No. 10, K.T., all of Independence. Received 32° AASR (SJ) at Fort Scott, Nov. 21, 1928; member of Mirza Shrine Temple, Pittsburg, Kansas, and Pittsburg Court No. 95, Royal Order of Jesters.

Edward H. Lane Furniture manufacturer. b. July 4, 1891 in Newcastle, Va. He established the Standard Red Cedar Chest Co. (now Lane Co., Inc.) at Altavista, Va. in 1912, and was president from 1922-56; presently chairman of the board. In 1951 he was elected "Man of the Year" by the furniture manufacturing industry. Raised Feb. 18, 1929 in Campbell Lodge No. 316, Altavista, Va.

John Lane (1843-1899) English Masonic writer. He was initiated, Sept. 10, 1878, in Jordan Lodge No. 1402, Torquay, England, and was master in 1882. It is said that he seldom missed a meeting. Known as the "Statistician of the Masonic Fraternity," he is recognized for his Masonic Records, 17171886 published in 1886. It contained the particulars of every lodge warranted by the Grand Lodge of England from 1717 to date. He also published A Handy Book and Centenary Warrants and Jewels. He furnished many articles on Masonry to magazines and publications including the Quatuor Coronati Lodge. d. Dec. 30, 1899.

Joseph Lane (1801-1881) Major General of Mexican War; Territorial Governor of Oregon and U.S. Senator from Oregon. b. Dec. 14, 1801 in Buncombe Co., N.C. He moved with his parents to Henderson Co., Ky. in 1804, and then to Warwick Co., Ind. in 1816. For several years he was a clerk in a mercantile house. He served in the Indiana state legislature from

1822-46, when he enlisted as a private in the Indiana volunteers for the Mexican War. He subsequently was made colonel, brigadier general, and major general, the latter for gallantry at Huamantla. He took Matamoras, captured Orizaba, and fought Jarata at Tchualtaplan, becoming known as the "Marion of the Mexican Army." At the conclusion of the war he was appointed governor of Oregon Territory (1849-50) by Polk. From 185157 he was U.S. congressman from that territory. In 1853 he commanded the settlers in the campaign against the Rogue Indians and defeated them at the Battle of Table Rock. Upon the admission of Oregon as a state, he became a U.S. senator, serving from 1859-61. In 1860 he was nominated for vice president on the Breckinridge ticket. His defeat ended his political career and he passed his old age in obscurity and poverty. Member of Center Lodge No. 23, Indianapolis, Ind. d. April 19, 1881.

Ben T. Laney, Jr. Governor of Arkansas, 1945-49. b. Nov. 25, 1896 near Smackover, Ark. Now owns and operates a plantation near Magnolia, Ark. Mayor of Camden, Ark. from 1935-39. Raised July 17, 1920 in Garland Lodge No. 354, Elliott, Ark. and when the lodge merged with Camden Lodge No. 11 of Camden in 1941, he became a member of that lodge. He addressed his lodge in 1943 on "The duties a Mason owes his Lodge." He attended grand lodge in Nov., 1944 between the time he was elected governor and inaugurated, to nominate C. Allen Clift for office of grand junior deacon.

Chester H. Lang Vice President of General Electric Co. since 1941. b. Jan. 12, 1893 in Erie, Pa. Graduate of U. of Michigan in 1915. Began with General Electric in 1919 as a traveling auditor, and later became assistant manager of publicity, comptroller of budget, advertising manager, managerof sales. Now in charge of public relations. Served as 1st lieutenant in 129th Field Artillery, 35th Division, 1917-19. Mason.

Ossian Lang (1868-1945) Arthur of History of Freemasonry in. New York. b. in Bradford, England. He was a teacher, newspaperman and lecturer. Served as superintendent of schools in Buffalo, N.Y. He was raised in Hiawatha Lodge No. 434, Mount Vernon, N.Y., May 19, 1902, and later affiliated with John Steward Lodge No. 871, Mount Vernon, N.Y. d. Sept. 11, 1945.

John Langdon (1741-1819) Constitution signer; Governor of New Hampshire; U.S. Senator from New Hampshire. b. June 25, 1741 in Portsmouth, N.H., a brother of Woodbury Langdon, q.v. A successful merchant. Was delegate to the Continental Congress in 1775-76. He outfitted a regiment from his own personal funds and was with it at Battle of Bennington when it defeated the Hessians. From 1783 he was repeatedly a member of the legislature and a delegate to Continental Congress. In March, 1788, he became governor of N.H. and was elected U.S. senator in 1789, holding that office until 1801. He declined the office of secretary of the Navy, and also the nomination for vice president on the Republican ticket. He was governor of N.H. again from 1805-12, with the exception of two years. He is referred to as a Mason, but his Masonic record has not been definitely traced. It probably would have been in St. John's Lodge No. 1 of Portsmouth where his brother Woodbury held membership. d. Sept. 18, 1819. Definitely not a member.

Woodbury Langdon (1739-1805) Delegate to Continental Congress, and judge of supreme court of New Hampshire. b. in 1739 in Portsmouth, N.H. He was the brother of John Langdon, the constitution signer. He received a public school education

52 Nathaniel P. Langford and engaged in mercantile pursuits. Active in pre-Revolutionary movements. He was a delegate from N.H. to the congress of 1779-80, and member of the executive council in 178184. He was judge of the supreme court of N.H. in 1782, and again from 1786-90. A member of St. John's Lodge No. 1, Portsmouth, he was initiated Feb. 10, 1761. d. Jan. 13, 1805.

Baroness Chanowsky de Langendorf A member of a woman's auxiliary lodge. According to the records of the Lodge Sincerite, held at Klattau, Bohemia, the charter of which was recalled in Sept., 1789, a woman's lodge was formed as an auxiliary, the membership of which was confined to the wives of the members of the parent lodge. An exception to this rule was made in favor of the baroness, who was described as "the most honest, virtuous and fairest lady." This female lodge worked under the name of the "Three Crowned Hearts," but with the exception of its by-laws, no records of any kind remain. A Master Mason managed the lodge as its master, the office of treasurer also being filled by a man. The by-laws stipulated that the members should be "God-fearing, humble, discreet, modest, honest, of righteous heart, obliging as well as charitably inclined towards the poor." It led to the downfall of the parent lodge whose members were mainly army officers of the Prince Coburg Regiment of the Dragoons.

Nathaniel P. Langford (1832-1911) First Superintendent of Yellowstone National Park and organizer of the vigilante movement in the West. b. Aug. 9, 1832 in Westmoreland, N.Y. Lived at St. Paul, Minn., but left there in June, 1862 for the Oregon gold fields with the James L. Fisk expedition. En route, he and two other Masons went through the ceremony of opening and closing a Masonic lodge on the summit of the Rocky Mountains at a point some 20 miles west of the present capital of Montana. The occasion is commemorated by a painting in the Masonic library building in Helena. Arriving at Gold Creek, the point of the first discovery of gold in what became Montana, Langford went to Bannack, and thence to Virginia City. In the turbulent mining camps of Bannack, he lived a perilous life, being an advocate of public peace and security. He was the leader in the vigilante movement which established respect for law and order and in his Vigilante Days and Ways (1890) he relates how the Craft had a hand in this movement. He conducted the first Masonic funeral in Bannack, Nov. 13, 1862. Observing that there were 76 Freemasons present on the occasion he secured a dispensation for a lodge there, but by the time it had arrived, most of the inhabitants had gone to the great strike at Virginia City. He was one of the Washburn party of 1870 that discovered the geysers of Yellowstone Park, and he led in the work which resulted in the dedication of the park, serving as its first superintendent from 1872-77. Washburn, q.v., was a Mason and at the time of the expedition, Langford was grand master of Montana. Also with them was Cornelius Hedges, the deputy grand master, who later became grand master, and grand secretary for 36 years. Hedges, q.v., became known as the "father" of the national parks. Langford was appointed U.S. revenue collector on the creation of the Territory of Montana in 1864. President Johnson named him as governor of the territory in Jan. 1869, but as the senate was feuding with Johnson, it refused to confirm any of his appointments. Langford later became national bank examiner for the Pacific Coast (1872-84). He returned to St. Paul before his death. He was a member of Pacific Lodge No. 10, St. Paul, Minn., and later affiliated with Helena Lodge No. 3, Helena, Montana, serving as its second master in 1867. He

53 Samuel W. T. Lanham participated in forming the Grand Lodge of Montana in Jan., 1866, and was its first grand historian. Elected senior warden in 1868, he was grand master in 1869-70. It appears that he received the chapter degrees, including Most Excellent Master, in Minn., but was exalted in Virginia City Royal Arch Chapter, U.D. d. 1911.

Samuel W. T. Lanham (1846-1908) Governor of Texas, 1903-07. b. July 4, 1846 in Spartanburg, S.C. He entered the Confederate Army as a boy and served in the 3rd South Carolina regiment. In 1866 he moved to Texas, and was admitted to the bar in 1869. From 1883-93 and 1895-1903 he was U.S. congressman from the 8th Texas dist. Member of Phoenix Lodge No. 275, Weatherford, Texas. d. 1908.

Harris Laning (1873-1941) Full Admiral, U.S. Navy. b. Oct. 11, 1873 at Petersburg, Ill. Graduate of U.S. Naval Academy in 1895. Advanced through grades from ensign in 1891 to vice admiral in 1933, and admiral in 1935, retiring in 1937. In 1912 he was captain of the U.S. rifle team, winning first place in the Olympic Games at Stockholm. Saw service in the Spanish-American War, Philippine Campaign, China Relief Expedition, Mexican Campaign, Dominican Campaign, and WWI. He commanded the U.S.S. Panay in the Philippines. His many tours of sea duty were punctuated with service as an instructor at the U.S. Naval Academy. He was navigation officer of the U.S.S. Nebraska in a cruise around the world, 1907-10. Chief of staff of the destroyer force, U.S. Fleet, 1919-21; commanded the U.S.S. Pennsylvania, U.S. Naval Training Station, San Diego; chief of staff, U.S. Battle Fleet; commander of Battleship Division Two; president of U.S. Naval War College (1930-33); commander of cruisers, U.S. Fleet (1933-35); commander Battle Force (1935-36). Member of Clinton Lodge No. 19, Petersburg, Ill. d. Feb. 2, 1941.

Menalcus Lankford (1883-1937) U.S. Congressman to 71st and 72nd Congresses (1929-32) from 2nd Va. dist. b. March 14, 1883 at Southhampton Co., Va. Graduate of U. of Richmond in 1904 and 1906. Admitted to the bar in 1906, and practiced at Norfolk. Referee in bankruptcy, Eastern Va. dist. from 1933. Mason. d. Dec. 27, 1937.

Dick Latta Lansden (1869-1924) Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Tennessee from 1918. b. May 15, 1869 at Bakers Cross Roads, Tenn. Admitted to the bar in 1893, and practiced at Sparta, from 1893-97, and Crossville, 18971902. Was Justice of supreme court of Tennessee from 1910. Affiliated with Sparta Lodge No. 99, Sparta, Tenn. in 1896 and in good standing at time of death on Aug. 9, 1896.

Sergei Stepanovich Lanskoy (17871862) When the Directorial Lodge Vladimir split into two grand lodges in 1817, he was deputy grand master of the Grand Lodge Provincial of Russia. The grand master at time of the split was Count Vielgorsky, q.v. Lanskoy was the one who received the edict of Alexander I, q.v., to close all the lodges of his grand lodge. He later became minister of interior affairs in the reign of Alexander II, q.v.

Fred M. Lanter Aviator and directorof CAA Aeronautical Center since 1948. b. June 21, 1900 at Portland, Ind. Was with the U.S. Army Flying School at San Antonio in 1926-27. In turn was a cost accountant, production manager and shop superintendent of Fall Creek Mfg, Co., 1922-26. From 1927-29 he was an instructor with Capitol Airways, Inc. From 1929-38 he was an inspector with aeronautics branch of department of Commerce; chief inspector of the CAA from 193842; regional administrator of CAA. Member of Brownsburg Lodge No. 241, Brownsburg, Ind., receiving degrees on Nov. 14, 21, 29, 1923. Member of Indianapolis Chapter No. 5,

54 micimuues Lappas R.A.M. and Indianapolis Council No. 2, R. & S.M., both of Indianapolis, Ind.

Anacarsis Lanus (?-1888) Argentinian senator and national deputy. A financier and member of board of directors of several banks and businesses. Mason.

Miguel Angel Castillo Lanuza Guatemalan business executive. b. Aug. 3, 1894 in Huehuetenango, Guatemala. An accountant by profession, he is a member and founder of two accountancy organizations, and also of the firm, Contaduria Publica M.A. Castillo L. y Cia. He has held the positions of general customs director, general inspector of finance, and secretary of the general accountancy dept., in the Guatemalan government. Is accountant for the Verapar Railway and manager of a Guatemala newspaper. He is the legal representative of the International Airways Companies and other commercial and industrial firms. He was initiated Sept. 19, 1827 in the Dr. Arton Lodge No. 9, and founder of Prometeo Lodge No. 30. He was grand secretary of the Grand Lodge of Guatemala from 194145 and grand master of same, 1953-55. On August 18, 1954, he was summoned by the Guatemalan government and requested to resign as grand master—or otherwise be accused a Communist and the grand lodge closed. He answered: "I know the history of Masonry. No grand master has ever resigned, all over the world, just because the public powers ask him to do so; and I shall not be the first one." He continued in office until succeeded by Dr. Cardona in 1955. He traveled throughout South America, Central America, and the U.S. to explain his position and received the backing and protection of the Inter-American Confederation.

Samuel Lapham Architect. b. Sept. 23, 1892 at Charleston, S.C. Graduate of Coll. of Charleston, Mass. Inst. of Technology. A draftsman and designer for architectural firms from 191619 and from 1920 a partner of Simons & Lapham, architects, Charleston, S.C. His works include plantation house "Chelsea" for Marshall Field III, and "Windsor" for P. D. Mills, as well as monuments, restorations, residences and educational buildings. From 193342 he was with the U.S. Department of Interior on survey of historic American buildings. Served in both World Wars. Was in artillery in WWI with A.E.F., 1917-19, as second lieutenant, and with inspector general department as colonel in WWII. Member of Landmark Lodge No. 76, Charleston, S.C. from 1922 to Dec. 7, 1932.

Alcibiades Lappas Argentine business executive, journalist and professor. b. Feb. 2, 1909 in Janina, Epirus, Greece. Graduate of the Law School, U. of Paris, and School of Higher Commercial Studies, same city. He is director of Lappas, Inc.; Plata Lappas, Inc.; Argentine Company of Metals, Inc.; and chairman of board of R. C. Inc. He is editor of La Voz del Epiro and of the Masonic magazine Simbolo. A founding member of the International Press Association, he was its first treasurer, and is a correspondent of several important foreign newspapers. He was a founding member of the Greek War Relief Assn., its secretary and chairman; founding member of the Junior Chamber of Commerce of Buenoes Aires; founding member of the High Twelve Club of Buenos Aires and first president. For many years he has been general executive secretary of the Greek community of Buenos Aires, the Greek Orthodox Church, the South American committee of the Greek Red Cross. Member of board of Argentine Philanthropic Society and the National Museum. Initiated Nov. 7, 1942 in Pindos Lodge No. 388, Buenos Aires and raised Oct. 2, 1943. Was secretary in 1944, orator in 1945, and master in 1946-51. He is also member of Lodges

55 Albert A. Lappin No. 392, 397, 5, 18, 57, 390 and 402; honorary member of Lodges No. 2, 10, 12, 44, 348, 398, 399, 400 and 401. Since 1951 he has been grand secretary of the Grand Lodge of Argentina, founding member of Buenos Aires Chapter No. 2, R.A.M., first principal of same, 1955, and grand scribe Ezra of Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Argentina; 32° AASR.

Albert A. Lappin President, Treasurer and General Manager of Goodyear Rubber Co., Middletown, Conn. since 1945. b. Dec. 25, 1897 at Boston, Mass. Graduate of Northwestern U. in 1918. Manager of Gold Seal Rubber Co., Boston from 1921-40. Treasurer of Goodyear Rubber Co. 1941-45. Member of Everett C. Benton Lodge, Boston, Mass. and 32° AASR (NJ); Shriner.

Francisco Narciso de Laprida (1780-1829) Argentine statesman who presided over the congress that made the declaration of independence from Spain in 1816. The congress had difficulty in deciding between a monarchial or republican form of government. It also adopted the blue and white flag created by Belgrano, q.v. Laprida was murdered in 1829, during a massacre of the opponents to the tyrant, Rosas. Mason.

John Marc Larmenius (Johannes Marcus) Tradition states that in 1314 he was appointed by DeMolay as his successor as grand master of the Templars. In turn, he is supposed to have transmitted this power to his successors in a document known as the "Charter of Transmission." Generally speaking, Masonic students question this.

Noble D. Lamer (1830-1903) General Grand High Priest of the General Grand Chapter, R.A.M., 18861889. b. Jan. 9, 1830 in Washington, D.C. Served in Civil War in defense of Washington, D.C. Member of city council of that city for three years.

He was secretary of the National Union Fire Insurance Co. from 1865 until his death. In 1867 he organized and carried to conclusion the project for the erection of the Masonic temple at 9th & F. Sts., N.W. which was vacated in 1908. For many years he was secretary of the Home Plate Glass Insurance Co. Raised in Benjamin B. French Lodge No. 15, Oct. 19, 1863, and on Dec. 28 of same year became a charter member of LaFayette Lodge No. 19, serving one year as secretary, and twice as master. Was grand master of the Grand Lodge of District of Columbia in 1881. Exalted in Mount Vernon Chapter No. 3, R.A.M. Dec. 25, 1865, and on May 24, 1867 became charter member and first high priest of LaFayette Chapter No. 5. He took a prominent part in the organization of the Grand Chapter of the District of Columbia and was grand secretary from 1867-71, and grand high priest, 1874-75. One of the founders of La-Fayette Council, R. & S.M. (now extinct) in 1870, and master in 1871. Affiliated with Washington Council No. 1, in March, 1894. Knighted in Columbia Commandery No. 2, K.T. May 4, 1866, and charter member of DeMolay Commandery No. 4, Feb. 16, 1872, and commander in 1878. Elected first grand commander of District of Columbia, Jan. 14, 1896; 32° AASR (SJ) from Albert Pike in 1878. d. March 19, 1903.

Henri du Vergier La Rochenjacquelein (1772-1794) A French Vendean leader who was named commander-in-chief of the Royalist Army in Oct., 1793. Defeated at Le Mans in the same year, and killed in action at Nouaille, March 4, 1794. Said to be a Mason by the bulletin of the International Masonic Congress of 1917.

Irving H. Larom Rancher. b. June - 3, 1889 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Graduate of Princeton U., 1913. Partner in purchase of Valley Ranch, Wyo. in 1915, incorporated in 1922; president and

56 Jesse Larson treasurer since that time. He is engaged in live stock, farming, and dude ranching. Served in WWI. Vice president of American Forestry Assn. in 1945; director of Buffalo Bill Memorial Museum, American Wildlife Institute, and Shoshone Power Co. He is the founder of the Dude Ranchers Association and president of same from 1925-44. Member of Shoshone Lodge No. 21, Cody, Wyo.; Darius Chapter No. 10, R.A.M.; Constantine Commandery No. 9, all of Cody.

Henry C. Larrabee (1829-1911) General Grand Master, General Grand Council, R. & S.M. in 1906-09. b. Sept. 4, 1829 in Baltimore, Md. Was a machinist and founder. Member of Baltimore city council in 1864. Raised in Warren Lodge No. 51, Baltimore on Aug. 30, 1864; exalted in St. John's Chapter, Sept. 30, 1874 and received cryptic degrees at the same time. Knighted in 1877 in Baltimore Commandery and was 33° AASR (SJ). He became deputy grand master of the grand lodge, grand high priest, commander of his commandery and grand master of the Grand Council of Maryland in 1882-97.

Juan Larrea (1782-1847) Argentine patriot. Participated in the 1810 revolution and became a member of the first "junta," or governing body. The following year he was driven out of the country. He returned, but was expatriated again in 1815. He later became Argentine consul in France. Mason.

George P. Larrick Commissioner of U.S. Food and Drug Administration since 1954. b. Nov. 19, 1901 in Springfield, Ohio. With U.S. Bureau of Chemistry and Food and Drug Administration from 1923, as enforcement officer. Was chief inspector, 193045; assistant commissioner, 1945-48. Member of Point Pleasant Lodge No. 360, Pleasant City, Ohio. 32° AASR (SJ) at Memphis, Tenn.

Alfred Larsen (1877-1949) Violinist and director. b. Dec. 12, 1877 in Nodebo, Denmark. Studied music in Denmark. He began as a soloist and teacher in Montreal, Can., 1899. He located in Burlington, Vt. in 1908, and became a U.S. citizen. He founded the Larsen Violin School, and the Larsen String Quartette as well as the Beethoven Piano Trio, and the Burlington Symphony Orchestra. He directed the department of music at the U. of Vermont in 1910-13. He was professor at Middlebury Coll. (Vt.) from 192036. A founder of the Danish-American Historical Society in 1932. Mason and 32° AASR (NJ). d. July 3, 1949.

Henry A. Larsen Canadian explorer. As an army sergeant in 1942, he led a crew of eight men in the government boat, St. Roch, in the first west-to-east voyage made by man from the Pacific to the Atlantic by way of the northern shores of the Dominion. It took them two years, and they underwent great hardships. He is a member of Mount Newton Lodge No. 89 in British Columbia, and at the completion of his voyage received a letter of congratulations from his grand lodge.

William W. Larsen (1871-1938) U.S. Congressman to 65th through 72nd Congresses (1917-33) from 13th - Ga. dist. b. Aug. 12, 1871 in Hagan, Ga. He began law practice in Swainsboro, Ga. in 1897. Received degrees in Swainsboro Lodge No. 244, Swainsboro, Ga. on May 5, 31, and Aug. 2, 1902, affiliating with Laurens Lodge No. 75, Dublin, Ga. on Aug. 20, 1912 and suspended July 20, 1937. d. Jan. 5, 1938.

Jesse Larson War Assets Administrator, 1947-49 and appointed Federal Works Administrator in 1949. b. June 22, 1904 in Mill Creek, Indian Territory. Attended Missouri Military Academy, and U. of Oklahoma. He was formerly in the ranching and

dairy business in Okla. He practiced law at Oklahoma City from 1934-40. Served in WWII as colonel of artillery, and was in Italian campaign. In 1944-45 he was director of tactics at the Field Artillery School at Fort Sill, Okla. Member of Chickasha Lodge No. 94, Chickasha, Okla. Received 32° AASR (SJ) on May 22, 1944 at which time he was a lieutenant colonel in the Army.

Morgan F. Larson Governor of New Jersey, 1929-32. Raised in Raritan Lodge No. 61, Perth Amboy, N.J. on June 27, 1907.

Gustaf Larsson (1861-1919) Educator. b. Dec. 10, 1861 in Sweden. He came to America in 1888, where he became the first principal of the Sloyd Training School for manual training teachers at Boston. Under his direction over 400 teachers were sent out from the school, and over 100,000 children received instruction from them. He established ten centers in Southern India and six in Mexico. Member of Columbian Lodge, Boston, Mass. and 32° AASR (NJ). d. July 23, 1919.

Emile Lartigue Belgian General in WWI. He was Lieutenant Grand Commander of the Supreme Council of Belgium, when murdered by six assassins. In 1946, following the war, a ceremony was held in Brussels in memory of the murdered brethren, eleven of the twelve members of the supreme council having been killed.

Abbe Larudan Early French Anti-Mason. He was the author of a work entitled The Freemasons Crushed "a continuation of the book entitled the Order of Freemasons Betrayed, published from the Latin." The first edition was published at Amsterdam in 1746. Kloss, q.v., said that the work "is the armory from which all subsequent enemies of Freemasonry have derived their weapons." Larudan wasthe first to advance the theory that Oliver Cromwell was the inventor of Freemasonry.

Juan Gregario de las Heras (17801866) Chilean liberator. As an Ar- gentizieordiei. 'And Mason, he took an active part in the Chilean war of liberation, particularly distinguished himself in the Battle of Charabuco in 1817, where his ability saved a division. Upon his return to Argentina, he served as governor of the province of Buenos Aires in 1824-26.

Peter Lassen (1800-1859) California pioneer. b. Oct. 31, 1800 in Copenhagen, Denmark. Learned the blacksmith's trade under his uncle and opened a shop of his own at Copenhagen in 1827. Left for America in Oct., 1830, working his trade at Boston, St. Louis, and later to Keytesville, Mo. While in Missouri he was a member of Warren Lodge No. 74 of Keytesville. In 1839 he joined an immigrant party bound for Oregon City, and in July, 1840 he sailed from Oregon to Calif. aboard the Lausanne. He wandered about Calif. from Sutter's to San Francisco to San Jose. In 1843 he was living by himself on the Cosumnes River. In 1844 he became a Mexican citizen. During the spring of 1846 General Fremont stayed at Lassen's house, and it is significant that Lassen named the little settlement he established on Deer Creek, "Benton City," after Fremont's father-in-law, Thomas Hart Benton, q.v. June, 1847 saw Lassen returning to St. Joseph, Mo. with Commodore Stockton's party. Spending the winter in Mo., he set out again for California, leading an immigrant train of 12 wagons. With them was Rev. Saschel Woods, q.v., member of Wakanda Lodge No. 52 of Carrollton, Mo. who was carrying the Mo. charter for Western Star

58 Benjamin H. Latrobe Lodge No. 98 (now 1) to be opened at Lassen's "Benton City." It is often erroneously stated that Lassen brought the first charter to Calif. The route of the expedition was an impracticable one and has since been dubbed the "Lassen Route." During the gold excitement of 1849-50 the population of Benton City dwindled to almost nothing. Woods was first master of Western Star Lodge and Lassen first junior warden. Lassen lost his ranch in a bad financial deal, and then moved to the Honey Lake region of what is now Lassen Co. While prospecting for a silver mine, he was shot and killed by an Indian in April, 1859. In May, 1862 Lassen Lodge No. 149 was chartered at Honey Lake.

Milton S. Latham (1827-1882) Governor of California, 1860 and U.S. Senator from California, 1860-63. b. in Columbus, Ohio. He was graduated from Jefferson Coll. (Pa.) in 1845. After a brief sojourn in Alabama, where he studied law, and became a court clerk, he came to Calif. sometime during the winter of 1840-50. He was elected to U.S. congress as a representative in 1852, and again in 1854. From 1857-60 he was collector of the Port of San Francisco. His term as governor only lasted five days after his inauguration on Jan. 9, 1860. (He was succeeded by the lieutenant governor, John G. Downey, q.v.), as he resigned to accept appointment as U.S. senator. In 1867 he became president of the California Pacific Railroad Co., which planned a line from Benicia to Sacramento and Marysville, in opposition to the Central Pacific. In 1871, however, Latham and the stockholders sold out to their competition. He became a member of Washington Lodge No. 20 of Sacramento, Calif. in 1859, and withdrew in 1863. He was an early Scottish Rite member in California, being an active 33° of the southern jurisdiction and at one time grand treasurer of the California bodies. d. in New York City March 4, 1882.

Benjamin H. Latrobe (1764-1820) Sometimes called "father of architecture in America." b. May 1, 1764 in Yorkshire, England. Educated in U. of Leipsic and entered Prussian army; was twice wounded. He returned to England, and, in 1789, was made surveyor of the public offices and engineer of London. He arrived at Norfolk, Va. on May 20, 1796, and soon became an engineer of the James River and Appomattox Canal, building the penitentiary in Richmond, and many private mansions. He moved to Philadelphia in 1798, where he designed the Bank of Pa., Bank of the U.S., and planned and installed the first water system in the U.S. In Baltimore he was the architect of the Roman Catholic cathedral, and customs house. Jefferson appointed him surveyor of public buildings in 1802. He designed the south wing of the U.S. Capitol, made alterations in the White House, remodeled the patent office, and drew plans for the Marine Hospital. He also worked on the plans for the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, residing alternately in New Castle and Wilmington until 1808, when he moved to Washington. In 1812 he went into partnership with Robert Fulton, q.v., and Robert R. Livingston, q.v., to build steamboats for the navigation of the upper Ohio River, but lost his fortune on the failure of the enterprise. After the destruction of the Capitol by the British in 1814, Latrobe was engaged to rebuild it (1815-17). At the time of his death on Sept. 3, 1820 he was engaged in the construction of a water system for New Orleans, La. He was initiated in the Lodge of Antiquity No. 2, London, in 1788. He served as junior warden of the same in 1789-90. In America he affiliated with Jerusalem Lodge No. 54, Richmond, Va. His son was John H. B. Latrobe, q.v.

59 John H. B. Latrobe John H. B. Latrobe (1803-1891) Lawyer, inventor, and humanitarian. h. May 4, 1803 in Philadelphia, Pa. the son of Benjamin H. Latrobe, q.v., the famous American architect. He was appointed a cadet in the U.S. Military Academy in 1818, but resigned before graduation on account of his father's death. He then studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1825. He was the inventor of the "Latrobe Stove," sometimes called the "Baltimore heater" of which thousands were sold in Baltimore alone. He was the founder of the Maryland Institute, and was closely identified with the American Colonization Society from 1824. The aim of the society was to return Negro slaves to their native land. As its president, he prepared the first map of Liberia, and, with General Harper, gave many place-names to that country. He was president of the board of visitors of West Point, and president of the Maryland Historical Society. He became a member of Winder Lodge No. 77, Baltimore, Jan. 26, 1825, and was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Maryland from 1870-78. A member of Phoenix Chapter No. 7, R.A.M., Baltimore, he was high priest in 1829-30, and 1836-39. He received the 33° AASR (SJ) in 1872. d. Sept. 11, 1891.

John A. Latzer (1876-?) President of Pet Milk Co. b. Nov. 11, 1876 at Highland, Ill. Graduate of U. of Illinois in 1899 and 1900. Began the manufacturing of condensed milk in 1900, and became president of the Pet Milk Co. of St. Louis. Mason.

Frank C. Laubach Missionary and educator. b. Sept. 2, 1884 in Benton, Pa. Graduate of Princeton in 1909, and doctorate from Columbia U. in 1915. Spent many years in Philippines as missionary, college dean (Union Coll.) and director of Maranaw Folk Schools. He conducted literacy tours of India, Near East, Africa, Mexico, Central and South America, Latin America, Egypt, Ethiopia, Lebanon, Syria, Irak, Iran, West and South Africa, New Guinea, Australia, and Korea. He is a Congregationalist. He is the co-author of more than 200 primers for illiterate adults in over 165 languages embracing 51 countries. His writings include Rizal, Man and Martyr; Toward a Literate World; You Are My Friends; The Silent Billion Speak; Teaching the World to Read; and many others. Member of Benton Lodge No. 667, Benton, Pa. and 32° AASR (NJ) .

Chester Lauck Radio entertainer. He is the "Lum Edwards" of the radio team Lum and Abner. He first performed a skit with his partner, Norris Goff, q.v., while they were master and senior councilors of the DeMolay Chapter at Mena, Ark. Member of Dallas Lodge No. 128, Mena (as is Goff); Hiram Chapter No. 196, R.A.M. and Malta Commandery No. 17, K.T. all of Mena. Member of Scimitar Shrine Temple of Little Rock.

Sir Harry Lauder (1870-1950) Scottish singer who gained fame for his rendition of Scottish songs and ballads. Many were of his own composition including Roamin' in the Gloamin' and Wee Hoose Among the Heather. His real surname was MacLennan. Mason.

Walter E. Lauer Major General, U.S. Army. b. June 29, 1893 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Commissioned in 1917, he advanced through the grades to major general in 1944, and retired in 1946. In WWI he served in France and American occupation of Germany, 1918-23. In WWII was in African Theater, 1942-43, and later commanded the 99th Infantry, 66th Infantry, and 80th Infantry, all in the European Theater of Operations. Mason.

George M. Laughlin (1872-1948) Founder and president of Kirksville College of Osteopathy and Surgery

60 Sir John Laurie (Mo.). b. Dec. 23, 1872 in New London, Mo. Graduate of State Teachers' Coll., Kirksville, Mo. and American School of Osteopathy. From 1900-18 he was a teacher in the American School of Osteopathy, and in 1918 he founded and was president of the Laughlin Hospital. He founded the A.T. Still College of Osteopathy which is now the Kirksville College of Osteopathy. Member of Adair Lodge No. 366, Kirksville, Mo., receiving degrees on July 17, Aug. 7 and 21, 1896. d. Aug. 15, 1948.

Henry Laurens (1724-1792) American Revolutionary statesman. b. in Charleston, S.C. Engaged in mercantile business and acquired a fortune. He fought against the Cherokees. He retired from business, and went to England, in 1771, to superintend the education of his sons. While in London, he was one of the 38 Americans who signed a petition in 1774 to dissuade parliament from passing the Boston port bill. He returned to Charleston in 1774, and was a member of the first provincial congress there in 1775, and was president of the council of safety. In 1776 he was made vice president of S.C. under the new constitution, and was a delegate to the Continental Congress, of which he became president at the resignation of John Hancock, q.v., serving from Nov. 1, 1777 to Dec. 10, 1778. He was appointed minister to Holland in 1779, to negotiate a treaty. His ship Mercury was captured by the British frigate Vestal off the coast of Newfoundland, and he was imprisoned in the Tower of London "on suspicion of high treason" for 18 months. He was exchanged for Lord Cornwallis. He was then sent to Paris with John Jay and Benjamin Franklin to negotiate peace. On his return to America he devoted his life to agriculture. Laurens was probably the first person in America to be cremated. His will asked: "I solemnly enjoin it on my son, as an indispensable duty, that, as soon as heconveniently can, after my decease, he cause my body to be wrapped in 12 yards of tow-cloth and burned until it be entirely consumed." A member of Solomon's Lodge No. 1, Charleston, S.C., he was treasurer of the same in 1755, and grand steward of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina in 1754. d. Dec. 8, 1792.

Alexander Laurie Scottish Masonic author and grand secretary of the Grand Lodge of Scotland. He was first a stocking-weaver, and later a bookseller, and stationer in Parliament Square, Edinburgh, where he printed the Edinburgh Gazette. He was appointed stationer to the grand lodge, and later grand secretary. In 1804 he published a book entitled The History of Freemasonry. Although it bears his name as author, it is now thought to be the work of Sir David Brewster. He was a member of St. Stephen Lodge No. 145, Edinburgh. His son, William Alexander Laurie, also became grand secretary of the Grand Lodge of Scotland. Alexander had changed the name from its original spelling of Lawrie.

James W. Laurie President of Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas since 1951. b. Sept. 10, 1903 in Bellingham, Wash. Graduate of Coe Coll. and Princeton U. Ordained Presbyterian minister in 1926, and served churches in Rahway, N.J., Wilkins-burg, Pa., and Buffalo, N.Y.; in 1951 he was named outstanding citizen of Buffalo. Member of the general council of the general assembly of the Presbyterian church since 1948. Mason.

Sir John Laurie Mayor of London in 1941, who welcomed the first American troops to that city. He served as alderman of the City of London for many years, and was sheriff of London in 1935. He was knighted in 1936, at the close of his term as sheriff, and created a baronet in 1942, at the corn-

61 John Wimburn Laurie pletion of his mayoral year. As mayor, he was installed as master of the famous Guildhall Lodge No. 3116 of London (all Masonic mayors are automatically its master) by the Earl of Harewood, q.v. Named past grand warden of the Grand Lodge of England in 1942. He was grand scribe "N" of the Grand Chapter of England and grand senior warden in the Mark Grand Lodge of England. Deceased.

John Wimburn Laurie (1835-1912) Lieutenant General, British Army. b. Oct. 1, 1835 in London. Educated in Harrow, Dresden and Sandhurst. From 1853-98 he served with great distinction in the Crimean War, Indian Mutiny, under Lord Roberts in South Africa (1881); North West Canada Rebellion (1885); and as Red Cross commissioner in the Serbian-Bulgarian War (1886). He served in the Canadian house of commons, 188791 and in the British house of commons, 1895-1905. He held numerous other public offices and many decorations and military honors. He was initiated in Albany Lodge No. 151, Newport, Isle of Wight on July 19, 1854, and was a member of numerous lodges all over the British Empire. He was grand master of Nova Scotia, 1874-75; provincial grand master of South Wales, 1897-1912. d. May 20, 1912.

Marquis Jacques A.B.L. de Lauriston (1768-1828) Marshal of France. In 1800 he was an aide-de-camp to Napoleon, and served in the Austerlitz campaign. He captured Ragusa in 1807, and distinguished himself at Wagram in 1809. In the restoration period, he rallied to the Bourbon cause, and was made peer of France in 1815, created marquis in 1817, and marshal of France in 1823. He was initiated in the military lodge of the 60th regiment in 1807 while at Ragusa.

Juan Lavalle (1797-1841) Argentine patriot. b. in Buenos Aires. Hejoined the army of General San Martin, q.v., at the age of 15. He took part in the Chilean and Peruvian liberation campaigns, and also fought in Brazil. He was noted for his courage and daring. On his return to his native land, he deposed and executed Colonel Dorrego, governor of the province of Buenos Aires, and fought the tyrant, Rosas. He was forced to flee and was overtaken and murdered in 1841. Mason.

Juan Antonio Lavalleja Uruguayan patriot and Mason. In 1825 he led a small group known as the "33 Immortals" which declared the independence of Uruguay from Brazil. Their arrival in Uruguay from Argentina precipitated the civil war of 184351. In 1853 he was chosen to form a triumvirate, but died before taking office.

George Law (1806-1881) American financier known as the "Steamboat King." b. Oct. 25, 1806 in Jackson, N.Y. Left his farm home at age of 18 and worked in quarries, building canals, etc. Self educated, he became an engineer and draughtsman. He soon became a large contractor for railroads and canals. In 1837 he went to New York City where he contracted for public works, and subsequently purchased and extended the Harlem and Mohawk railroads. He bought the steamer Neptune in 1843, and built the Oregon in 1845. He then contracted to carry the U.S. mails to Calif. He added the steamers Ohio and Georgia, and carried the first passengers by steamboat to Panama. In 1851 he bought out the rival Pacific Mail Steamship Co. He started the railroad across the Isthmus of Panama in 1852. He was the presidential candidate for the "Know Nothing" party in 1856. He was a member of St. Nicholas Lodge No. 321 of New York City. d. Nov. 18, 1881.

62 Samuel C. Lawrence AASR, Southern Supreme Council. b. near Hartsville, S.C. Graduate of U. of South Carolina. In 1905 he organized one of the first industrial laboratories in the south at Atlanta, Ga. He is president of Law & Co., Chemists, and Law-Barrow-Agee Laboratories, Engineers, and is an authority on chemical processes. Active in both Scottish and York rites. He was grand commander of the Grand Commandery K.T. of Georgia in 1932, and is past grand sovereign of the Red Cross of Constantine. Received KCCH in 1933; 33° in 1937; deputy for Georgia, 1950 and active member in 1951.

Oscar Lawler Initiated the movement to build the present Washington National Masonic Memorial at Alexandria, Va. b. April 2, 1875 in Marshalltown, Iowa. Admitted to the bar in 1896, and practiced at Los Angeles. Was U.S. attorney for Southern dist. of Calif. 1905-07, and assistant attorney general for Interior dept., 1909-11. In Practice as Lawler, Felix & Hall. Initiated in East Gate Lodge No. 290, Los Angeles (then Sunset Lodge) on April 22, 1898. He was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Calif. in 1908-09 and a member of the jurisprudence committee since 1947. Member of East Gate Chapter No. 103, R.A.M. and Los Angeles Commandery No. 9, K.T. 32° and KCCH in AASR (SJ) at Los Angeles.

Charles Lawrence (?-1760) British Brigadier General. He was appointed a member of the council of Nova Scotia in Oct., 1749, and the following spring, as a major, led a force against the French at Chignecto. He returned that summer and built Fort Lawrence at the head of the Bay of Fundy. He administered the government after the retirement of Governor Hopson in 1753, was appointed lieutenant-governor in 1754, and governor in 1756. Promoted to brigadier general in Dec. 1757. Was at the siegeof Louisburg. Member of the Craft in Nova Scotia, and was present at the feast of St. John the Evangelist in Boston in Jan. 1757. d. Oct. 18, 1760.

James Lawrence (1781-1813) U.S. Naval Captain, famous for his dying words, "Don't Give Up the Ship!" b. Oct. 1, 1781 in Burlington, N.J. Received appointment as midshipman in 1798. In the Tripoli War, he distinguished himself as a gunboat commander and as second in command of Decatur's, q.v., daring expedition to destroy the captured frigate, Philadelphia. He spent five years on the Barbary Coast, and in 1808 was first lieutenant of the famous Constitution, followed by command of the Argus, Vixen, Wasp, and Hornet. In the War of 1812 he cruised the coast of Brazil, blockaded the British Bonne Citoyenne in port of Salvadore, and sank the brig-of-war Peacock. In command of the Chesapeake, he met the British frigate Shannon, commanded by Captain Broke, offshore from Boston about 30 miles. After a desperate fight, the Chesapeake was captured with 47 killed and 99 wounded. Lawrence and his first lieutenant, Ludlow, q.v., were mortally wounded. Although it is known that Lawrence was a Mason, his lodge membership remains a mystery. The Grand Lodge of New York passed the following resolution: "Resolved that it be referred to the grand officers, that in case there should be a public funeral of our deceased brother, the late gallant Captain Lawrence, to take measure, if they should deem it proper, to assemble the lodges in this city (N.Y.) to join in the procession." Lossing in his Field Book of the War of 1812 states that he was buried with military and Masonic honors. A New York lodge, chartered May 18, 1814 was named in his honor. d. June 6, 1813.

Samuel C. Lawrence (1832-1911) Railroad president, merchant, and Grand Commander Northern Su-

63 Alexander Lawrie preme Council, 33° ASSR from 18671910. b. Nov. 22, 1832 in Medford, Mass. Graduate of Harvard in 1855 and 1858. He was in the banking business at Chicago for two years, and then entered the firm of Lawrence & Sons, Medford, Mass. in 1858, with his father and brother. He was president of the Eastern Railroad Co. in 1875, and after it was leased to the Boston and Main Railroad, he became director and member of the executive committee. In the Civil War he became a brigadier general of Mass. militia (1862-64), and was wounded at first Battle of Bull Run. He was the first mayor of the city of Medford in 1892-94. He was initiated in Hiram Lodge (now Arlington) at West Cambridge, Oct. 26, 1854. Became charter member of Mount Hermon Lodge, Medford, and was master. He was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts in 1881-83. Exalted in Saint Paul's Chapter, June 13, 1885, he became a charter member, and past high priest, of Mystic Chapter, R.A.M. at Medford. He was a member of Boston Council, R. & S.M. and DeMolay Commandery, K.T., Boston, in 1858. Served as grand commander of Grand Commandery of Massachusetts in 1894. Received the AASR degrees in 1862; 33° in 1864; active 33° in 1866. Served as grand commander of the Northern Jurisdiction from May 17, 1867 to Sept. 22, 1910. d. Sept. 24, 1911.

Bolitha James Laws Chief Judge, District Court of the U.S. for District of Columbia since 1945. b. Aug. 22, 1891 in Washington, D.C. Graduate of Georgetown U., and admitted to the bar in 1913. Has been district court U.S. judge since 1938. Member of Benjamin B. French Lodge No. 15, Washington, D.C., receiving degrees on Nov. 3, 1919, Feb. 16 and June 26, 1920. Master of lodge in 1927.

Ezra M. Lawton (1864-1931) U.S. Consul. b. Aug. 23, 1864 in Ironton, Ohio. Started as a clerk and mechanic. In telephone and electric construction work from 1887, and electrical contracting engineer from 1896-1906. Went to Mexico as mining engineer in 1907. He then served in American consulates in Oaxaca, Mexico; Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Guatemala (special mission); Guatemala City; Nogales, Mexico; Sao Paulo, Brazil; and Sydney, Australia. Member of Price Hill Lodge No. 524, Cincinnati, Ohio, receiving degrees in 1894 and dimitting Dec. 3, 1907. d. June 26, 1931.

Henry W. Lawton (?-1899) Major General of Volunteers in Spanish-American War. b. in Ohio, he joined the Army as a sergeant of Co. E, 9th Indiana volunteers in 1861. Rose to captain in Civil War, and entered regular Army as lieutenant in 1866. Member of Summit City Lodge No. 170, Fort Wayne, Ind. d. 1899, while corps commander in Philippines.

Robert D. Lay (1875-1940) President of National Life Insurance Co. of the U.S.A., 1926-33. b. Sept. 30, 1875 in Chicago, Ill. Began as an office boy for an ice company in 1894, resigning as assistant credit manager in 1898 to become manager of E. A. Shedd & Co. Became associated with National Life in 1902; secretary and director 1906-26. Also secretary and vice president of Hydrox Co. Mason. d. Jan. 1, 1940.

Homer Lea (1876-1912) American who became a general in the Chinese Army, and military adviser to Sun Yat Sen. b. in Denver, Colo. He aided in the relief of Peking during the Boxer Rebellion, and became a general in the Chinese army in 1909. From 1911-12 he was adviser to Sun Yat Sen. He was the author of The Valor of Ignorance and The Day of

George M. Leader Governor of Pennsylvania from 1955. b. Jan. 17, 1918 near York, Pa. Graduate of U. of Pennsylvania in 1939. He is the proprietor of Willow Brook Farms, Dover, Pa., and for a number of years secretary and treasurer of Guy A. Leader & Sons, Inc. He was a member of the state senate from 1950-54. In WWII he served as a Naval lieutenant from 1942-46. He was made a Mason "at sight," March 3, 1955.

Walter Leake (1760-1825) U.S. Senator from Mississippi, 1817-20. b. in Virigina about 1760. He fought in the Revolutionary War, and afterward moved to Hinds Co., Miss. where he practiced law. He resigned as U.S. senator to be appointed judge of the circuit court, continuing as judge until 1821, when he was chosen governor of Mississippi, holding that office at his death on Nov. 17, 1825. Seemingly he received his degrees in Warren Lodge No. 33, Warren, Va. and served as senior warden in 1803. He later became a member of Washington Lodge No. 3, Port Gibson, Miss. and was master of this lodge.

Sheppard C. Leakin General in War of 1812. Made a Mason in Washington Lodge No. 3, Baltimore, Md., Feb. 4, 1812, and served as master of same several terms.

Ben Lear Lieutenant General, U.S. Army. b. May 12, 1879 at Hamilton, Ont., Canada, and brought to the U.S. in 1881. He entered the Spanish-American War as a sergeant of the 1st Colorado Volunteers in 1898, and was commissioned in 1901, advancing through grades to lieutenant general in 1940. Served in Philippine Insurrection and WWI. In WWII he commanded the 2nd Army in 1940, and the Army Ground Forces, 1935-45. In 1945 he was deputy commander to General Eisenhower, retiring Dec. 31,1945. He is a member of Hancock Lodge No. 311, Ft. Leavenworth, Kans. Received the 32° AASR (SJ) in Colorado Consistory, Denver on May 21, 1941; KCCH Oct. 19, 1943 and 33° on Oct. 16, 1945.

Fred Roy Lear (1882-1950) Architect. b. Dec. 2, 1882 in Corning, N.Y. Graduate of Syracuse U. in 1905. Taught architecture at Syracuse U. from 1905-46, and now professor emeritus. Has exhibited water colors in this country and France. He designed the University Church, Syracuse; Grace Methodist Church, Corning, N.Y.; Lafayette Methodist and Lutheran Church of Atonement, Syracuse, and memorial for Admiral Peary, q.v., in Arlington, Va. Member of Sea and Field Lodge No. 983 of Syracuse, N.Y. He was raised in this lodge in Paris, France in 1914 and served as its master in 1928. He was president of East Gate Club (for past masters and wives) for 15 years. d. June, 1950.

John J. Leary, Jr. (1874-1944) Journalist and Pulitzer Prize winner. b. Feb. 2, 1874 in Lynn, Mass. Was self-supporting from 11 years of age. Began with Lynn Press in 1893. Night editor of Boston Post, 1895-1903, and special writer and city editor of Boston Herald 1905-07. Financial editor and associate editor of New York Herald, and special European correspondent and editorial adviser to James Gordon Bennett. Staff correspondent of New York Tribune, 191318, and specialist in labor and economics for New York World 1919-31. Received Pulitzer prize in 1920 for his reporting on coal strike of 1919, and presented gold watch by A.F. of L. for same work. Was voted silver button of honorary membership in "Mutual Welfare League" by the 1,600 inmates of Sing Sing Prison for his interest in their welfare. Exalted in Corinthian Chapter No. 159, R.A.M. on May 25, 1911; greeted in Colum-

65 Elmer 0. Leatherwood bian Council No. 1, R. & S.M. Oct. 5, 1916; knighted in Ivanhoe Commandery No. 36, K.T. March 30, 1922; member of World Masonic Club, all of New York City. d. Jan. 4, 1944.

Elmer 0. Leatherwood (1872-1929) President of Western Powder Co., and U.S. Congressman to 67th through 70th Congresses (1921-29) from 2nd Utah dist. b. Sept. 4, 1872 in Waverly, Ohio. Graduate of U. of Wisconsin in 1901. Began law practice in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1901. President of Leary & Warren Stockyard, and Olympus Mining & Milling Co. Received degrees in Hiawatha Lodge No. 35, Hiawatha, Kans. and affiliated with Wasatch Lodge No. 1, Salt Lake City, Utah on Jan. 9, 1903. Received 32° AASR (SJ) at Salt Lake City on Nov. 23, 1905. d. Dec. 24, 1929.

Halsey B. Leavitt Business executive and commander-in-chief of United Spanish War Veterans, 1945-46. b. July 25, 1878 at Essex Junction, Vt. From 1899-1920 he was reporter, editor, and correspondent of newspapers in Havana, Cuba. Since 1921 has been president of Leavitt Insurance Co., Asheville, N.C. Served as sergeant in 9th Illinois Infantry in Spanish-American War. Member of Mount Hermon Lodge No. 118, Asheville, N.C. being raised Sept. 15, 1921. A past district deputy grand master and 33° AASR (SJ) in Valley of Asheville.

Scott Leavitt U.S. Congressman to 68th through 72nd Congresses (192333) from 2nd Mont. dist. b. June 16, 1879 in Elk Rapids, Mich. From 190107 he homesteaded and taught in Oregon. Entered the U.S. Forest Service as a ranger in 1907, and was supervisor of the Lewis & Clark National Forest in Montana in 1910, and the Jefferson National Forest, 1913-18. He was chief of information of the North Central Region of the Forest Service at Milwaukee from 1935-41 when he retired. Served in the Spanish-American War, and in 1936-37 was nationalcommander-in-chief of the United Spanish War Veterans. Member of Delta Lodge No. 128, Great Falls Chapter No. 9, R.A.M. and Black Eagle Commandery No. 8, K.T., all of Great Falls, Mont.

John F. Le Baron (1847-1935) Engineer in charge of Nicaragua Canal surveys and construction, 1887-90 and original discoverer of immense deposits of phosphate, kaolin, and fullers earth in Florida in 1881. b. Sept. 28, 1847 at Boston, Mass. Had his name changed from Patch to Le Baron in 1865 by court. Served as city engineer for several Northeast cities. Was chief engineer of Fitchburg Railroad, and also of St. John's & Indian River Railroad. Served in Spanish-American War, raising Co. L of 10th U.S. Volunteer Infantry. Mason. d. 1935.

Claude E. LeBauld de Nans (17361789) Actor and Masonic author. b. in 1736 at Besancon. He was master of the Lodge Saint Charles de l'Union in Mannheim, and when he moved to Berlin in 1771, became orator of the Lodge Royale York de l'Amitie and also edited a Masonic journal. In 1781 he published Masonic Harp, a collection of songs for lodge use.

Karl M. LeCompte U.S. Congressman to 76th through 85th Congresses (1939-58) from 4th and 5th Iowa dist. b. May 25, 1887 at Corydon, Iowa. Graduate of U. of Iowa in 1909. He has been publisher of the Corydon Times-Republican since 1910. Served in Army in WWI. Member of Corydon Lodge No. 91, Corydon, Ia. for almost 50 years.

Walter E. Ledden Methodist Bishop. b. March 27, 1888 in Glassboro, N.J. Graduate of Dickinson Coll. (Pa.); Drew U. and Syracuse U. Ordained to Methodist Episcopal ministry in 1914, and served churches in Rumson, N.J., Belmar, N.J., Camden, N.J., Buffalo, N.Y., Providence, R.I. and Albany, N.Y. Elected bishop in

Arthur F. Lederle Chief Judge, Federal Court, Eastern Michigan. b. Nov. 25, 1887 in Leland, Mich. Graduate of Michigan State Normal Coll., Detroit Coll. of Law, and U. of Detroit. He was a school teacher at Sherman, Traverse City, River Rouge, and Detroit, Mich. from 1909-23. Admitted to the bar in 1915. Named federal judge for Eastern dist. of Michigan in 1936 and chief judge since 1948. Received degrees in Wyandotte Lodge No. 170, Wyandotte, Mich. on April 13, April 27 and May 18, 1914. Affiliated with Kilwinning Lodge No. 297, Detroit, Oct 7, 1918.

Joaquim Goncalves Ledo Founder of the Grand Orient of Brazil in 1822. A journalist noted for his studies of government and interest in national independence.

Andrew E. Lee (1847-1934) Governor of South Dakota, 1897-1901. b. March 18, 1847 near Bergen, Norway, and came with parents to Dane Co., Wis. in 1851. Engaged in farming and mercantile pursuits from 1869. Was mayor of Vermillion, S.D. Member of Incense Lodge No. 2, Vermillion, S.D. receiving degrees on June 30, July 27 and Aug. 24, 1871. He was dimitted from 1886-1922 when he again affiliated. 32° AASR (SJ) in Oriental Consistory, Yankton, S.D. in Jan. 1899. d. March 10, 1934.

Bert S. Lee (1871-1957) General Grand Master, General Grand Council, R. & S.M., 1924-27. Entered railroad tie business at age of 19 under name of Hobart-Lee Tie Co. Later was president of Springfield (Mo.) Warehouse and Transfer Co. b. Oct. 30, 1871 in Marshfield, Mo. Raised in Sparta Lodge No. 296, Sparta, Mo. on March 31, 1893 affiliating with Gate of the Temple Lodge No. 422, Springfield and serving as its master. Grand master of the Grand Lodge of Mo.,1922. Exalted in Vincil Chapter No. 110, Sept. 24, 1897, he was grand high priest in 1921; Greeted in Zabud Council No. 25, Springfield, he was grand master in 1910. Knighted in St. John's Commandery No. 20, Springfield, he was grand commander in 1911. Member of St. Andrew Conclave No. 11, Red Cross of Constantine, Joplin, Mo. in 1907 and served as sovereign in 1918. Received 32° AASR in Joplin Consistory AASR (SJ). For many years he was vice president of the George Washington National Memorial Association. d. March 6, 1957.

Edward E. Lee (1884-1944) Author. b. Sept. 2, 1884 in Meridan, Ill. Began as a factory apprentice in 1897, and later in advertising positions with various companies. Started writing juvenile books in 1921. He was the author of the Jerry Todd series (16 books) ; Potty Ott series (11 books); Andy Blake series (4 books); Trigger Berg series (4 books); and Tuffy Bean series (5 books). He wrote under the name of Leo Edwards. Mason. d. Sept. 28, 1944.

Edwin F. Lee (1884-1948) Methodist Bishop. b. July 10, 1884 in Eldorado, Iowa. Graduate of Northwestern U., Upper Iowa U., Garrett School of Theology, U. of Chicago. Ordained to Methodist ministry in 1908. Served churches in New Hampton, Ia., missionary-minister in Java, Malaya, Manila, P.I. and Rockford, Ia. He then became associate secretary for Board of Foreign Missions in N.Y., 1919-24, and pastor at Singapore, and superintendent of Singapore district, 1924-28. Named missionary bishop of Malaysia and Philippines in 1928. Served with the A.E.F. in WWI as a chaplain, and in 194445, was director general of commission of Army and Navy Chaplains, Washington, D.C. Member of Zetlandin-the-East Lodge No. 508, at Singapore, China, under Scottish constitu-

67 Francis Lighfoot Lee tion. Knight Templar and 32° AASR (SJ) . d. Sept. 14, 1948.

Francis Lightfoot Lee (1734-1797) Signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was not a Freemason as far as known, but is often confused with his nephew of the same name, who was a member of Alexandria-Washington Lodge No. 22, Alexandria, Va.

Gentry Lee Vice President and Director of Cities Service Oil Co., Bartlesville, Okla. since 1951. b. Feb. 20, 1903 in Center Point, Ark. Graduate of U. of Oklahoma in 1924 and admitted to the bar that year. He was staff attorney for Barnsdall Oil Co., 1937-45, and later went with Cities Service. Received degrees in Petroleum lodge No. 474, Tulsa, Okla. on Nov. 20, Dec. 18, 1931 and Jan. 29, 1932. He dimitted on Dec. 7, 1951 and affiliated with Bartlesville Lodge No. 284, Bartlesville on Feb. 12, 1952. He was junior steward of Petroleum Lodge in 1934.

Henry Lee (1756-1818) Known as "Light Horse Harry" for his brilliant cavalry operations in the Revolutionary War. Father of Robert E. Lee. b. Jan. 29, 1756 at Leesylvania, Westmoreland Co., Va. Graduate of Princeton in 1774. He joined Washington's army in Pa. as the captain of a Virginia cavalry company. With skill and daring he surprised the British garrison at Paulus Hook on July 19, 1779, and carried off 160 prisoners. After the disastrous Battle of Camden in 1780, he successfully covered Green's retreat. He captured Fort Motte and Fort Granby and Augusta. At the close of the war he was a colonel. In 1786 he was chosen delegate to the Continental Congress. In 1789-91 he was a member of the Va. legislature, and was governor of Virginia in 179295. Washington appointed Lee a general in 1794, and gave him 15,000 troops to break up the "whisky Rebel-lion." He was U.S. Congressman in 1799-1801. Lee coined the famous phrase "First in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen" in an oration commemorating the services of Washington in 1799. He was a member of Hiram Lodge No. 59, Westmoreland Co., Va., but it is believed that he was made a Mason in the Tappahannock (Hobbs Hole) lodge. American Union Lodge of Marietta, Ohio has an apron that is presumed to be Lee's and to date prior to the Revolution. d. March 25, 1818.

Homer Lee (1856-1923) Artist and bank note engraver. b. May 18, 1856 in Mansfield, Ohio. He was a regular exhibitor at the National Academy of Design, and also in London and Paris. He was the founder and president of the Homer Lee Bank Note Co. and vice president of Franklin Lee Bank Note Co. Also president of the Hamilton Bank Note Co. He was the inventor of the Homer Lee rotary steel plate printing system, together with numbering devices used by U.S. Treasury Dept. on government bonds and bank notes. Also inventor of the "steelograph" process and many improvements in linotype composing machines. Mason and 32° AASR. d. Jan.

J. Bracken Lee Governor of Utah, 1949-57. b. Jan. 7, 1899 in Price, Utah. He began as a postal clerk in 1919, becoming an insurance agent. Since 1930 he has been manager and owner of the Equitable Insurance Agency at Price, and director of Time Finance Co. of Salt Lake City. Served as mayor of Price, 1936-47. Is national chairman of For America since 1957, and director of national committee to repeal the 16th amendment. Served in WWI as an Infantry sergeant. Received Freedom Foundation award in 1952. Initiated in Joppa Lodge No.

26, Price, Utah in 1928. 32° and KCCH in AASR (SJ) at Salt Lake City and member of El Kalah Shrine Temple.

68 Robert C. Lee James G. C. Lee (1836-1916) Brigadier General, U.S. Army. b. Aug. 12, 1836 near Hamilton, Ont., Canada. Served in the Civil War in quartermaster department, first as a captain, and to brigadier general, and retired in 1904. In Civil War he was with headquarters of the Army of Potomac and several supply depots in Va., and was acting chief quartermaster during the Gettysburg campaign. He commanded the right wing of defenses of Alexandria, Va. in 1864. Mason. d. July 26, 1916.

Joshua B. Lee U.S. Senator from Oklahoma, 1937-43. b. Jan. 23, 1892 at Childersburg, Ala. Graduate of U. of Oklahoma, Columbia U., and Cumberland U. He first taught school in Rocky, Okla; coached and taught at Baptist U. (Okla.), and taught public speaking at U. of Oklahoma from 191734. He was U.S. congressman from the 5th Okla. dist., 1935-37. Member of Civil Aeronautics Board, Washington, D.C. from 1943. Now in law practice in Oklahoma City. Member of Norman Lodge No. 38, Norman, Okla.

Percy M. Lee Justice, Supreme Court of Mississippi since 1950. b. Nov. 14, 1892 in Ludlow, Miss. Graduate of Mississippi Coll. in 1911, and admitted to the bar in 1916, practicing in Forest, Miss. Served as assistant to attorney general, city attorney, district attorney, and circuit judge. Member of Forest Lodge No. 437, Forest, Miss., receiving degrees on Sept. 22, Oct. 13 and Nov. 23, 1920. Was master of lodge in 1925 and grand master of Grand Lodge of Mississippi in 1937. Exalted in Forest Chapter No. 97, R.A.M. in 1922; greeted in Newton Council No. 27, R. & S.M. in 1922; and knighted in Newton Commandery No. 27, K.T. in 1922. 32° AASR (SJ) in Albert Pike Consistory, Jackson, Miss. and became member of Hamasa Shrine Temple of Meridian in 1923.

Richard Henry Lee (1732-1794) Signer of Declaration of Independence and Articles of Confederation. b. Jan. 20, 1732 at Stratford, Westmoreland Co., Va. Was educated in England, returning to America in 1752, where he studied law. He was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1759, and prominent in defending colonial rights from 1764. He opposed slavery and proposed a tax on slaves that would make further importation of them prohibitive. In 1773 he joined Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson in initiating the intercolonial committees of correspondence. He was a Virginia delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774-79. It was Lee who moved the resolution that "these united colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved." This was adopted by the Continental Congress on July 2, 1776. He was again a member of congress from 178489, being president in 1784-85. He was a member of the U.S. senate in 178992. He lived at Nailers, just across the Rappahannock River about eight miles from Hobb's Hole (later Tappahannock) where there was a lodge for a _ number of years, and it is thought that he probably received his degrees there. A. P. Anderson in Virginia Masons Who Served in the Revolution states that he later became a member of Hiram Lodge No. 59, Westmoreland Co., Va. d. June 19, 1794.

Robert C. Lee Steamship line executive. b. Aug. 30, 1888 in Central City, Nebr. Educated in U.S. Naval Academy and naval officer from 190620. In WWI he was a captain commanding the destroyer Wainwright, and port officer at Nantes, France. In WWII he rose from captain to commodore; and was special assistant on the staff of Admiral Nimitz in the

69 Robert E. Lee Pacific, and Admiral Stark and General Eisenhower in Europe. In 1920 he became president of the Foreign Shipping Service Co. and R. C. Lee, Inc. Has been with Moore & McCormack Lines, Inc. since 1921, and vice president since 1926. He is now executive vice-president of the company, and all associated companies. Member of Forest Hills Lodge No. 946, Forest Hills, L.I., N.Y.

Robert E. Lee (1807-1870) Commander-in-Chief of Confederate Armies. Sometimes referred to as a Mason, but was not.

T. Bailey Lee (1873-1948) Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Idaho, 1931-32 and Federal judge of Idaho from 1935. b. Aug. 10, 1873 at Mocksville, N.C. Graduate of U. of North Carolina in 1894 and admitted to bar in 1897, first practicing at Butte, Mont. and later at Burley, Idaho. Admitted to Burley Lodge No. 68, Burley, Idaho on May 8, 1920 from Silver Bow Lodge No. 48, Butte, Mont. d. March 1, 1948.

William C. Lee (1895-1948) Major General, U.S. Army. b. March 12, 1895 at Dunn, N.C. Graduate of North Carolina State Coll. in 1917. Commissioned second lieutenant in 1913, he advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1942, and major general Aug. 18, 1942. He served in A.E.F., France in WWI; and in WWII was commander of American parachute troops, 1941-42, and airborn troops, 1942-45. He retired in 1945. Mason. d. June 25, 1948.

William G. Lee (1859-1929) President of Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, 1909-29. b. LaPrairie, Ill., Nov. 29, 1859. He was a brakeman and conductor on various railroads from 1879-84, and conductor with Union Pacific, 1889-95. Became first vice-president of the B.R.T. in 1895. Received degrees in Kaw Lodge No. 272, Kansas City, Kans., on June 3, Oct. 17, 1895 and Jan. 2, 1896. Affiliated with Acacia Lodge No. 9, Lawrence, Kans. on Sept. 17, 1896. d. Nov. 2, 1929.

William L. Lee Brigadier General, U.S. Army. b. July 18, 1903 at Weatherford, Texas. Graduate of Texas A. & M. Coll. in 1927. Commissioned in 1929, and advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1944. In 193538 he organized the Philippine Army Air Corps under General Douglas MacArthur, q.v. Presently commander of Amarillo Air Force Base, Amarillo, Texas. An article in the Saturday Evening Post in 1955 characterized him as the "Toughest Guy in the Air Force" and told the story that he was reduced in rank from brigadier general in 1946 for slapping John Maragon (Maragon later spent 19 months in jail for perjury and when Lee's old friend, Eisenhower, entered the White House, his rank was restored). Member of Randolph Lodge No. 1268, Schertz, Texas, receiving degrees on Dec. 15, 1925; Feb. 9, 1926; and March 13, 1926. Member of W. T. Austin Chapter No. 87, R.A.M., W. T. Austin Council No. 52, R. & S.M. and Ivanhoe Commandery No. 8, K.T. all of Bryan, Texas. He served as master of Randolph Lodge No. 1268 in 193435. 32° and KCCH in AASR (SJ) at San Antonio. Member of Red Cross of Constantine, Alzafar Shrine Temple, Royal Order of Jesters and is past president of three chapters of National Sojourners.

Edward T. Leech (1892-1949) Newspaper editor. b. June 17, 1892 in Denver, Colo. Began on Denver Republican in 1909. He subsequently edited the Denver Express, and Memphis (Tenn.) Press. Founded and edited the Birmingham (Ala.) Post in 1921 for Scripps-Howard. He edited the Rocky Mountain News (Denver) from 1926-31, and was editor and president of the Pittsburgh Press (Pa.) from 1931. Mason. d. Dec. 11, 1949.

70 Mortimer D. Leggett C. A. Leedy, Jr. Judge of Supreme Court of Missouri from 1933. b. May 20, 1895 at Benton, Mo. Studied law at St. Joseph Law School, St. Joseph, Mo. He served as official reporter to the Peace Conference in Paris and Versailles, which resulted in the Treaty of Versailles, ending WWI. Admitted to bar in 1922, practicing first at Plattsburg, and then at Kansas City with his brother. Has served three terms as chief justice-1940-41; 1948-49; 1955-56. Member of Plattsburg Lodge No. 113, Plattsburg, Mo., but suspended since about 1919.

Charles W. Leeman Organizer and president of the Metropolitan Accident and Health Insurance Co. Omaha, Nebr. in 1933. b. July 21, 1893 at Honey Grove, Texas. Started as a salesman in meat and grocery field in Kans. and Texas. Entered insurance field at Kansas City in 1919, and became vice-president of Union Insurance Co., Wichita, Kans., in 1923-33. Since 1937 he has been president and general manager of Union Pacific Finance Corp. Mayor of Omaha in 194748. Member of St. Johns Lodge No. 25, Omaha, receiving degrees on Sept. 14, Oct. 19 and Nov. 16, 1939; 32° AASR (SJ) and KCCH; past potentate of Tangier Shrine Temple, Omaha (1955) and member of DeMolay Legion of Honor.

James Leeson (?-1794) His tombstone in Trinity Church Yard, opposite Wall Street, N.Y.C., has a Royal Arch cipher hieroglyphic chiseled on it . . . "Remember Death." He was a "butcher and tavern keeper at 30 Fly-market," in 1791; and in 1794 listed under "tavern, boarding house, and Philadelphia stage office, 242 Water St." The New York Diary or Evening Register of Friday, Oct 3, 1794 says he died "On Saturday morning, Sept. 27, last, and in the evening his remains were interred in the Trinity Church Yard, attended by a great number of Masonic brethren and other respectable citizens.”

Francois Joseph Lefebvre (17551820) French General, Marshal of the Empire, and Peer of France. Commanded a brigade in 1793 and a division in 1794. He fought at Altenkirchen, Neuwied, Stockach, and captured Danzig. He was made marshal of the Empire in 1807. In 1812-14 he was commander of the imperial guard, and at the restoration was appointed Peer of France by Louis XVIII. In 1805 he was grand keeper of archives of the Grand Orient of France.

Francois Lefort (1656-1699) Russian General, Grand Admiral, and Viceroy. Of Swiss birth and Scotch descent, he was a favorite of Peter the Great, q.v., and one of his chief aides in the reorganization of Russia. He was appointed successively general, grand admiral, and viceroy of Novgorod. When Peter returned from visiting foreign lands, he directed that a Masonic lodge be established at St. Petersburg, and he named Lefort to be the first master of that lodge.

Mortimer D. Leggett (1831-?) Major General in Civil War and U.S. Commissioner of Patent. b. April 19, 1831 in Ithaca, N.Y. Moved with his Quaker family to Ohio, where he was graduated in medicine at Willoughby, Ohio in 1844. In 1846 he organized the first system of union free schools in the state. He was admitted to the bar in 1845, and was professor in the Ohio Law Coll., and later superintendent of schools in Zanesville. He raised the 78th Ohio Infantry at the beginning of the war, and was its colonel. He fought at Fort Donelson, Shiloh (wounded), and Corinth. Commanding a brigade, he captured Jackson, Tenn., defended Olivia, Tenn. (wounded), and in Nov. 1862, was made brigadier general. He was again wounded at Vicksburg, and Champion Hills. He commanded the 3rd division of the 7th corps in Sherman's

71 Augusto B. Leguia y SaIcedo march to the sea, and was made major general on Aug. 21, 1865. Named U.S. commissioner of patents in 1871. Member of Amity Lodge No. 5, Zanesville, Ohio, receiving degrees on April 5 and 19, 1858. Dimitted Aug. 5, 1877. Member of Cyprus Commandery No. 10, K.T. being knighted Nov. 20, 1860.

Augusto B. Leguia y Salcedo (18631932) Twice President of Peru, 190812, and 1919-30. He was a banker and insurance manager from 1886-1903. In 1903 he become minister of finance, a position he held until elected president of Peru in 1908. From 1912-19 he was president of the Latin-American Chamber of Commerce in London, returning in the latter year, when with the aid of an army he seized power and expelled President Jose Pardo y Barreda. His action was legalized by the assembly, and he served as president until overthrown by a military revolt in Aug., 1930. He was a 33° Scottish Rite Mason.

Onesimo Leguizamon (1839-1886) Argentinian minister of Justice, Culture and Public Education. He was president of the South American Pedagogical Congress of 1882. A professor in the U. of Buenos Aires. Mason.

Lloyd A. Lehrbas Foreign correspondent and editor. b. Oct. 15, 1898 in Montpelier, Idaho. He served as a reporter successively with Salt Lake Tribune, San Francisco Chronicle, Chicago American, and Chicago Tribune. He then became a foreign correspondent for International News Service in Japan, China, and the Philippines. He was news editor for Fox Movietone News, and foreign affairs writer for the Associated Press in Washington. He covered China, Poland, France, Italy, Spain, Rumania, and Turkey for the A.P. as a war-correspondent in WWII. From 194648 he was executive editor of World Report. From 1948-49 he was directorof the Office of International Information of the state dept.; special consultant to General Ridgway at SHAPE, 1952-53; and special assistant to secretary of army and chief of staff since 1953. Received degrees in King Solomon Lodge No. 27, Montpelier, Idaho in 1918.

Michael Leib (1759-1822) U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania, 1808-14. b. in Philadelphia. He studied medicine and practiced in Philadelphia. He served several years in the state legislature, and as U.S. congressman from 1798-1806. He resigned from the U.S. senate in 1814 to become postmaster of Philadelphia. He was a past master of Concordia Lodge No. 67, Philadelphia, Pa. d. Dec. 22, 1822.

Joseph Leidy (1823-1891) Naturalist, known as the "father of American paleontology." b. Sept. 9, 1823 in Philadelphia, Pa. Graduate of U. of Pennsylvania in 1844, with medical degree. Served as a contract surgeon in the Satterlee General Hospital at Philadelphia in Civil War. Held the chair of anatomy in U. of Pennsylvania, and later, chair of natural history at Swarthmore Coll. He published more than 800 papers on biological subjects, including: On, the Fossil Horse; A Flora and Fauna within Living Animals; Cretaceous Reptiles of the U.S.; Ancient Fauna of Nebraska; Fresh Water Rhizopods of North America; Tapeworm in Birds; The Parasites and Termites, etc. He became a member of Lodge No. 51, Philadelphia, Pa. on Feb. 24, 1859. d. 1891.

Paul S. Leinbach (1874-1941) Editor of Reformed Church Messenger of Evangelical and Reformed Church, from 1917. b. Sept. 21, 1874 in Womelsdorf, Pa. Degrees from Franklin and Marshall Coll. in 1895, Reformed Church Theo. Seminary (Pa.) in 1898, and Heidelburg U. (Germany) in 1912. Ordained to ministry of Reformed Church in the U.S., in 1898,

72 John A. LeJeune and served churches in Altoona, Pittsburgh, Easton, Pa., and in New York. He was president of his church's board of Christian education from 1930-38, and president of the editorial council of the religious press of America, 1924-34. From 1905-13 he was secretary general of board of home missions; president of the Eastern Synod, 1911-12; first vice-president of the General Synod, 1911-12. From 1940 he was president of the board of business management of the Evangelical and Reformed Church. Member of Dallas Lodge No. 396, Easton, Pa., receiving degrees on April 14, May 12, June 9, 1908. d. Dec. 7, 1941.

Augustus Frederick, 3rd Duke of Leinster (1791-1874) Grand master of the Grand Lodge of Ireland for a period of 61 years (1813-74), which, with the exception of the Duke of Connaught, q.v., was the longest term ever served by any grand master any place in the world. In 1814 he signed the International Compact in behalf of Ireland, with other Masonic groups in London.

George S. Leisure Lawyer. b. Aug. 14, 1889 at Slater, Mo. Graduate of U. of Chicago, 1914 Harvard U., 1917. Began law practice in office of Charles Evans Hughes, N.Y.C. in 1919. Distinguished himself as assistant U.S. attorney and chief of criminal division in office of U.S. attorney; prosecuted election frauds in N.Y. in 1928; chief assistant in the case of U.S. vs. Harry M. Daughterty, q.v., former attorney general of U.S. and Thomas W. Miller, former alien property custodian in 1927. In 1932 he was associated with Clarence Darrow in defense of Fortescue-Massie case in Honolulu. He was defense counsel for Joseph W. Harriman, president of Harriman National Bank, N.Y. in 1934; defense counsel for E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. and Remington Arms Co. in the munitions investigation of 1934; defense counsel in U.S. vs. RKO Distributing Corp., Warner Bros., and Paramount at St. Louis in 1935-36; defense counsel in U.S. vs. Standard Oil Co. and 23 other oil companies in 1937; also defense counsel for large trust suits in cement and railroad fields. Member of Kane Lodge No. 454, N.Y.C. receiving degrees on Oct. 7, Nov. 18, Dec. 2, 1930.

John A. LeJeune (1867-1942) Major General, U.S. Marine Corps; 13th Commandant of the Marine Corps (1920-49); earned proud title of "the greatest leatherneck of them all!" b. Jan. 10, 1867 at Pointe Coupee Parish, La. Attended Louisiana State U. from 1881-84, and was graduated from U.S. Naval Academy in 1888. He was commissioned in 1888, and advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1916, and major general in 1918. Spent two years at sea as a naval cadet, and was shipwrecked on U.S.S. Vandalic in the hurricane at Samoa in March, 1889. In the Spanish-American War he commanded the Marines aboard the Cincinnati. He then served in Panama, Mexico, and the Philippines. From 1915-17 he was assistant to the Marine Corps commandant at Washington, and was appointed commandant of the Marine Corps Barracks at Quantico, Va. in Sept. 1917. The next June, however, found him arriving at Brest, France. He distinguished himself throughout WWI, successively as commander of the 64th Brigade; 4th Brigade; and particularly the 2nd Army Division. In commanding this division he became the only Marine officer to hold an Army divisional command. It was composed of regular Army and Marine Corps troops. He led them at St. Mihiel, in the Argonne, and spearheaded the noted assault on Blanc Mont Ridge, where the French had been checked for three years. On his return to the U.S. he was commandant of the Marine Barracks at Quantico for a few months, and then

73 John Leland in command of the entire Marine Corps from 1920-29. Retired in 1929, he became superintendent of Virginia Military Institute at Lexington until 1937, and emeritus from that date. Camp LeJeune is named for him, as is LeJeune Lodge No. 350 at Quantico, Va. He received his degrees in Overseas Lodge No. 40 at Coblenz, Germany on May 3, May 7, and May 17, 1919. This lodge was under Rhode Island constitution, and is now located at Providence. He became a member of Albert Pike Consistory, Washington, D.C., April 15, 1921 (withdrew in 1933) and Almas Shrine Temple, Washington. When at V.M.I. he frequently attended meetings of Mountain City Lodge No. 67, Lexington. d. Nov. 20, 1942.

John Leland (1506?-1552) English Antiquary, who as chaplain of King Henry VIII, was appointed "Kings Antiquary"—a title which he was the first and last to bear (1533). He spent the rest of his life arranging and digesting the collection of documents he found on tours of England and Wales. These were deposited in the Bodleian Library. His importance to Freemasonry is through the Leland Manuscript which he is supposed to have copied from the original pen of King Henry VI, which he describes in his title: "Certayne questyons with awnswers to the same concernynge the mystery of maconrye; wryttene by the hande of Kynge Henry the Sixthe of the name, and faythfullye copied by me, Johan Leylande, Antiquarius, by the commaunde of His Highnesse." Masonic scholars have long disagreed on the authenticity of this document. Leland died April 18, 1552.

Curtis E. LeMay Full General, and Vice Chief of Staff of the U.S. Air Force. b. Nov. 15, 1906 in Ohio. Graduate of Ohio State U. in 1932. Began as a flying cadet in the Air Corps in 1928; commissioned secondlieutenant in 1930, advancing through grades to temporary general in 1951, and permanent major general since 1943. He has successively commanded the 305th Bomb Group; 3rd Bomb Division; 20th Bomber Command; 21st Bomber Command; 20th Air Force. Was chief of staff of U.S. Strategic Air Forces in 1945; deputy chief of air staff for research and development, 1945; commanding general of USAF in Europe, 1947; and for nearly ten years, commander-in-chief of the Strategic Air Command (SAC). In 1947 he was assigned to headquarters USAF as vice chief of staff. He was raised in Lakewood Lodge No. 601, Lakewood, Ohio, July 7, 1944; 32° AASR (SJ) and KCCH on Oct. 18, 1955. Received 33° in 1959.

A. M. LeMierre (1733-1793) French writer who belonged to the Lodge of the Neuf Soeurs, Paris, and was present at the reception of Voltaire, q.v.

Clarence E. Lemmon President, International Convention Disciples of Christ, 1942-44. b. Feb. 2, 1888 in Seward Co., Nebr. Graduate of Cotner Coll. (Nebr.), U. of Nebraska, and Culver Stockton Coll. (Mo.) Ordained minister of Disciples of Christ Church in 1913, serving churches in Ashland, Hastings (Nebraska); St. Louis, and Columbia, Mo. Has been -at Columbia since 1930. Raised in Pomegranate Lodge No. 110, Ashland, Nebr. in 1914, he later affiliated with a lodge in Hastings, Nebr. (1916) and to Rose Hill Lodge No. 550, St. Louis in 1923. Since 1931 he has been a member of Acacia Lodge No. 602, Columbia, Mo. Member of Columbia Chapter No. 17, R.A.M. at Columbia and Centralia Council No. 34, R. & S.M., Centralia, Mo. Received 32° AASR (SJ) in Hastings, Nebr. in 1917, and affiliated with Valley of St. Louis in 1922. Has twice served as grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Mo. and twice in same capacity for Grand Chapter, R.A.M. of Mo.

74 C. Lenning Reuben C. Lemmon (1825-1905) General Grand High Priest, General Grand Chapter, R.A.M., 1897-1900. b. May 12, 1825 in Varick, N.Y. He practiced law in Toledo, Ohio for over 20 years, and was judge of court of common pleas, Toledo. Raised in Toledo Lodge No. 144 in 1855; exalted in Ft. Meigs Chapter No. 29, RAM., 1856; greeted in Toledo Council, R. & S.M. in 1860; and knighted in Toledo Cornmandery No. 7, K.T. in 1857. Received 32° AASR (NJ) in 1875 and 33° Sept. 16, 1890. Served as grand master of Grand Lodge of Ohio in 1880, and grand high priest of Grand Chapter of Ohio in 1875. d. 1905.

Lyman L. Lemnitzer Full General, U.S. Army. b. Aug. 29, 1899 in Honesdale, Pa. Graduate of U.S. Military Academy in 1920. Advanced through grades to full general in 1955. He taught at West Point from 192630, and again from 1934-35. In 194142 he was a member of the General Staff Corps (war plans division). In 1942 he was commanding general of the 34th Anti-Aircraft Brigade at Norfolk, Va. and in England; and in the same year served as assistant chief of staff to General Eisenhower at Allied Hdqs. in London, and Algiers for North African campaign. He was deputy chief of staff under Gen. Mark Clark, q.v., of the Fifth Army in 1943, and commanded the 34 A.A. Brigade in the Tunisian campaign in the same year. In 1943-44 he was deputy chief of the general staff (to General and Sir Harold Alexander, q.v.) and deputy chief of staff, Allied Force Hdqs. in 1945. In 1946-47 he was the Army member of the Joint Strategic Survey Com., Joint Chiefs of Staff; deputy commandant of National War Coll. in 1947-49; director of foreign military assistance, Dept. of Defense, 1949-50. He commanded the 11th Airborn Division in 1951; the 7th Infantry Division in Korea, 1951-52; and was deputy chief of staff for plans and research of the Army in 1953-55. Hewas commanding general of Army Forces of the Far East and 8th U.S. Army in Japan and Korea in 1955. In 1955-57 he was commander-in-chief of the Far East Command, as well as commander-in-chief of the U.N. Command, and governor of Ryukyu Island. Since 1957 he has been Army vice chief of staff. Mason and 32° AASR. He was present at the communication of the Grand Lodge of Japan in July, 1956, and both he and Mrs. Lemnitzer were active in the support of the Pusan Masonic Children's Hospital in Korea. Member of St. Paul's Lodge No. 14, Newport, R.I. and Newport Royal Arch Chapter No. 2. 32° AASR in Tokyo, Japan. Member of Nile Shrine Temple, Seattle, Wash. Chiefof-Staff, U.S. Army from July 1, 1959.

Mark Lemon (1809-1870) English founder and Editor of the famous Punch Magazine. He was a playwright, author of farces, melodramas, operas, novelettes, lyrics, songs, and several 3-volume novels. He is best known as one of the founders and first editors of Punch. Later he was sole editor (1841-70). Punch is the first "humor" magazine of international fame. Member of Globe Lodge No. 23, London, being initiated Jan. 19, 1854.

John L. Lenhart Chaplain of U.S.S. Cumberland. Drowned in Hampton Roads, March, 1863 in the encounter with the Merrimac. Lodge unknown, but he was a member of Union Chapter No. 7, R.A.M. of Newark, N.J.

C. Lenning German Freemason and Masonic author. Little is known of him except he resided in Paris in 1817. His real name was Hesse. He was the author of Encyclopadie der Freimaurerei, which Findel, q.v., calls "one of the most learned and remarkable works in Masonic literature." It was published and edited by the Leipsic bookseller, Brockhaus. Kloss, q.v., catalogues it in his bibliography

75 John B. Lennon as the work of Friedrich Mossdorf, who was employed to edit it. In three volumes, it was first published in 1822, 1824, 1828 (one volume each year).

John B. Lennon (1850-1923) Labor Union Official and Treasurer of American Federation of Labor, 1889-1917. b. Oct. 12, 1850 in Lafayette Co., Wis. He was general secretary of the Journeyman Tailors' Union of America from 1886-1910. From 1917 until his death, he was a member of the board of mediators, U.S. Dept. of Labor. He edited the publication The Tailor from 1886-1910. Lennon lectured on social problems, was a member of the commission on Industrial Relations, Washington, D.C. in 1912, and prominent in the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, as well as vice president of the Ill. Anti-Saloon League. Mason. d. Jan. 18, 1923.

Marie Alexandre Lenoir (17611839). A French archaeologist, who, in 1790, was named by the national assembly to collect the art from the churches and convents into a museum. He collected more than 500 pieces, saving them from destruction. He carefully classified them. He believed that Freemasonry descended from the ancient Egyptians, and in 1812 gave a series of eight lectures before the Metropolitan Chapter of France to support his beliefs. These were published in 1814 as Freemasonry Brought Back to Its True Origin, or the Antiquity of Freemasonry Proven by an Explanation of the Mysteries. In 1809 he published in three volumes, New Explanation of the Mystical Characters, or Ancient Allegories Revered by the Egyptians. d. June 12, 1839.

William Lenoir (1751-1839) Captain in American Revolution, and Major General of militia following the war. b. April 20, 1751 in Brunswick Co., Va. His family moved to Tarborough, N.C. when he was eight. He settled near Wilkesboro. He foughtin the Indian campaigns in 1776, and in the Revolution was wounded at the Battle of King's Mountain. He was a member of the state assembly, and from 1781-95 was a state senator, being president of the same for five years. He took an active part in the Hillsborough convention for the adoption of the constitution of the U.S. At the organization of the U. of North Carolina in 1790, he was chosen president of the board, and for the last 18 years of his life was a militia major general. A town and a county in N.C. are named in his honor. He was initiated, passed and raised in grand lodge, Dec. 30, 1793, and in 1804 was master of Liberty Lodge No. 45 of Wilkesboro, N.C. d. May 6, 1839.

Pope Leo XII (1760-1829) Issued the Bull against Freemasons on March 13, 1825, known as Quo graviora ma/a. Real name was Annibale Francesco del'la Genga. He held various high church offices during the Napoleonic era (1793-1823). Was made cardinal in 1816, and pope from 182329.

Pope Leo XIII (1810-1903) Wrote encyclicals against Freemasonry. Real name was Gioacchino Vincenzo Pecci. He was made cardinal in 1853, and was pope from 1878-1903.

Adna W. Leonard (1874-1943) Methodist Bishop. b. Nov. 2, 1874 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Graduate of New York U., Drew Theological Sem., American School of Archaeology at Rome, and Ohio Northern U. Ordained to Methodist Episcopal ministry in 1899. He held pastorates in Green Village, N.J., San Juan, P.R., Rome, Italy, Piqua, Ohio, Springfield, Ohio, and Cincinnati, Ohio. Elected bishop in May, 1916. He was president of the general board of education of the church and chairman of board of trustees of American U. He was killed May 3, 1943 in an airplane accident in Iceland while on tour of Army camps. A member of Bethlehem Lodge No.

Robert Z. Leonard Actor, motion picture producer, and director. b. Oct. 7, 1889 in Chicago, Ill. Educated in Colo. and moved to Calif. in 1907, where he joined the Calif. Opera Co. and played in musical and dramatic stock companies until 1910, when he became leading man in motion pictures for Seelig. He has been a motion picture director and producer for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studio since 1924. Mason.

Leopold I (1790-1865) First King of independent Belgium (1831-65). Fourth son of Francis Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield, his original name was Georges Chretien Frederic. He was an uncle of Queen Victoria of England. He served under Alexander I, q.v., in the Russian Army from 1805-14, and fought at Lutzen, Bautzen, and Leipzig. In 1830 he refused the throne of Greece, but accepted the Belgian throne the following year on its separation from Holland. Although himself a Protestant, he was an upholder of the Catholic church in Belgium, because he thought it best that the people should maintain the religion in which they were born. He was initiated in the Lodge of Esperance at Berne, Switzerland in 1813, when 23. About the time of his marriage to Princess Charlotte of England in 1816, or shortly thereafter, he joined an English lodge and "took an active part in all its proceedings." He lived in England from 1817-30. When he became King of Belgium, he took the Craft under his official protection. When a widower, on all his visits to Germany, he took part in Masonry. As king, however, he was unable to attend the lodges, but frequently inquired into their workings and always expressed his pleasure at their prosperity. At his death the Grand Orient of Belgiumadopted this resolution: "Masonry has just suffered a cruel loss in the death of one of the most illustrious members, who, called to the throne by the free and enlightened suffrages of the Belgian people, never abnegated his title of Mason, but on the contrary, extended to us his powerful protection. We have lost an eminent brother, who, faithful to his oath has during a reign of five and 30 years, practiced with love and sincerity those grand principles of humanity which constitute the basis of our Order, thus acquiring the esteem and friendship of his brethren, the veneration of the Belgian people, and the respect and admiration of his contemporaries. Leopold, King of the Belgians, who had acquired the grade of Chev. K.D., 30°, died with the calm and serenity of a just man, and with the stoicism of a true Mason. . . . Our noble brother has left us a noble example to follow.”

Leopold II (1747-1792) Holy Roman Emperor, 1790-92, who prohibited Masonic meetings when he ascended the throne. His father, Francis I, q.v., was a Freemason. His mother was Maria Theresa. He was a brother of Joseph II, q.v., whom he succeeded on the throne. From 1765-90 he was grand duke of Tuscany as Leopold I. His successor, Francis II, q.v., the last Holy Roman Emperor, went even farther in suppressing Freemasonry.

Henry A. Lepper Chief chemist of Food and Drug Administration since 1946. b. March 27, 1889 in Washington, D.C. Was graduated from George Washington U. in 1914. He was a chemist with the U.S. Bureau of Chemistry (now Food and Drug Adm.) from 1913. Member of Silver Spring Lodge No. 215, Silver Spring, Md., receiving degrees, March 4, April 8, and May 13, 1946. 32° AASR (SJ) in Washington, D.C. and member of Almas Shrine Temple.

77 Archer L. Lerch graduate of Trinity Coll., Dublin, Ireland, he was a barrister and literary editor of Cassells', a well known London publishing firm. In WWI he served as assistant secretary of the Admiralty. He was initiated in Acacia Lodge No. 7, Belfast, Ireland, and was its master in 1913. He had the rare distinction of being a founding member of a lodge named for him—the John Heron Lepper Temperance Lodge No. 346 of Carrickfergus, Ireland. In the Grand Lodge of England, he was past grand deacon, and in 1943 appointed as its librarian and curator. The library and museum, to which he gave magnificent service, in spite of physical infirmity, was honored by a visit from H.M. Queen Elizabeth, q.v., the Queen Mother, in the .last year of his life. He was master of Quatuor Coronati Lodge in 1924, and at the time of his death was treasurer and oldest member. Of his many Masonic publications, the best known are The Poor Common Soldier, The Traditioners and History of the Grand Lodge of Ireland, 1725-1813. d. Dec. 26, 1952.

Archer L. Lerch (1894-1947) Major General, U.S. Army, and Provost Marshal General. Military governor of Korea in 1946. b. Jan. 12, 1894 in Sumner, Nebr. Graduate of U. of California in 1917. Commissioned in 1917, he advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1942, and major general in 1944. With A.E.F. in WWI. Following war, he taught military tactics in U.S. From 1931-35 he was in Hawaii as legal advisor, assistant judge advocate, and with NRA and PWA. From 1939-40 he was executive officer of judge advocate general's dept. in Washington, and deputy provost marshal general, 1941-42. He was provost marshal general in 1944. Mason. d. Sept. 11, 1947.

Andre J. E. Lerouge (1766-1835) French Masonic writer. b. April 25, 1766 at Commercy, France. At onetime he was editor of the French Masonic journal Hermes (1819) and wrote Blends of Philosophy in the History of Masonic Literature. His large and valuable collection of manuscripts and degrees was sold at auction after his death on Jan. 7, 1835.

Frank Leslie (1821-1880) (Original name Henry Carter) Engraver and publisher. b. March 29, 1821 in Ipswich, England, the son of a glove manufacturer. While in school he developed a taste for art and became an exceptional engraver. He began sending sketches to the newly established Illustrated London News and signed them "Frank Leslie" so his father would not recognize them. He was taken into the paper and became superintendent of the engraving department before he was of age. Coming to the U.S. in 1848, he had his name legally changed to "Frank Leslie" in 1857. He was on the staff of Gleason's Pictorial and Illustrated News in 1852-53 and started Frank Leslie's Ladies' Gazette of Paris, London and New York Fashions in 1854. In 1855 he made a great success with Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. Through extravagance and financial depression he became bankrupt at close of his life. His wife, Miriam, took over the management at his death, and in 1882 had her name legally changed to "Frank Leslie" and achieved remarkable success as a writer. He was a member of Benevolent Lodge No. 28, N.Y.C. and later of Holland Lodge No. 8. d. Jan. 10, 1880.

Harry G. Leslie (1878-1937) Governor of Indiana, 1929-33. b. April 6, 1878 at Lafayette, Ind. Graduate of Purdue U. in 1905, and Indiana Law School in 1907. Practiced law until 1912; was treasurer of Tippecanoe Co., Ind. from 1913-17, and a farmer from 1918-24. He was a member of the state legislature 1923-27, and speaker of the house the last three years. He was president of Standard

78 M. LeTellier Life Insurance of Indiana. Initiated March 18, 1905 in Lafayette Lodge No. 123, Lafayette, Ind.; he was a 33° AASR (N.J.) d. Dec. 10, 1937.

Gotthold E. Lessing (1729-1781) German dramatist and critic. b. Jan. 22, 1729 at Kaumitz, Germany. He founded the critical journal Briefe, die Neueste Literatur Betreff end, with two others, in 1759, and it ran until 1767 (24 volumes). He was dramatist to the German National Theater at Hamburg in 1767, and librarian of the ducal library, Wolfenbuttel, from 1770. His works include the comedies Der Junge Gelehrie; Der Freigeist; Die Juden, and the classic German drama, Minna von Barnhelm. In 1755 he wrote Miss Sara. Sampson, the first German tragedy of middle-class life, followed by the tragedies Philotas and Emilia Galotti. Two of his writings are Masonic in nature; Nathan the Wise is a dramatic poem on toleration of religion, preaching universal brotherhood. It was put on the stage by Schiller and Goethe, q.v. His Ernst and Falk is a defense of Freemasonry in the form of a dialogue. He was initiated in the lodge Zu den drei Golderten Rosen at Hamburg, Germany, about 1771, and took a great interest in Freemasonry. His theory that it sprang from a secret association of Templars in London, however, has long been rejected. d. Feb. 15, 1781.

Charles Edwards Lester (1815-1890) American author. b. July 15, 1815 in Griswold, Conn. He studied law and was admitted to the bar, but studied at a theological seminary and began to preach. He had to abandon the pulpit due to frequent hemorrhages from the lungs, and went abroad for his health. He was appointed U.S. consul at Genoa, Italy, where he remained six years. His many books include The Glory and the Shame of England; Condition and Fate of England; Our First Hundred Years; America's Advancement; The Artist, Merchant and Statesman; The Mexican Republic; and others. Member of St. John's Lodge No. 1, New York City. Suspended NPD May 11, 1871. d. Jan. 29, 1890.

William Lester (1889-1956) Musician and composer. b. Sept. 17, 1889 in Leicester, England, coming to U.S. in 1902, and becoming naturalized in 1916. Has been organist of several Chicago churches, and of the First Congregational Church since 1921. Has directed many ensembles and choruses, and is a teacher of voice, piano, organ, and theory of music, at De Paul U. Has written many organ and piano works, songs, anthems, and orchestral compositions including the operas Everyman and Manabozo; the operetta Seawana; the oratorio The Go/don Syon; the cantata The Tale of the Bell; and the dramatic cantata, Sacajawea. Member of Olympia Lodge No. 864, Chicago, Ill. Dimitted Jan. 9, 1951. d. Dec. 4, 1956.

Robert P. Letcher (1788-1861) Governor of Kentucky, 1840-44. b. Feb. 10, 1788 in Goochland Co., Va. Began law practice in Lancaster Co., Ky., where he was frequently a member of the legislature, and at one time, speaker of the house. In 1822 he was elected to U.S. congress, serving one term. From 1849-52 he was U.S. minister to Mexico. Member of Hiram Lodge No. 4, Frankfort, Ky. d. Jan. 24, 1861.

M. LeTellier Founder of Hawaii's first lodge—LeProgres de l'Oceanie at Honolulu in 1843. He was a French ship captain. He sailed into the Honolulu harbor on the barque Ajax out of LeHavre, France on March 30, 1843. In his sea chest were documents that commissioned him to "set up Lodges in the Pacific Ocean and elsewhere in his voyages; to issue warrants, to call upon the Supreme Council for charters; to make Masons at sight; to forever be given the grand honors upon his appearance in any

79 Leucht Lodge of his creation." He was styled "The Grand Deputy of France." He spoke only French, and always was interpreted. He found a conglomeration of men in Honolulu from America, England, I r eland, Scotland, France, Germany, Italy, and South and Central America, and many Masons among them. Calling some of them together aboard the Ajax in Honolulu harbor on April 8, 1843, he organized the lodge Le Progress.

Nicolas Levalle (1840-1902) Argentinian Minister of War and Navy. In this capacity, he crushed many revolutionary attempts.

Count Levasseur He accompanied Lafayette to America on his trip in 1824-25, and received the orders of knighthood in Columbian Commandery No. 1, K.T., New York City in 1825.

Oscar W. Lever President of Kentucky Wesleyan College (Owensboro) since 1951. b. Oct. 26, 1903 in Columbia, S.C. Graduate of Wofford Coll., U. of South Carolina, and Duke U. He taught high school in S.C. from 1925-36, when he was ordained to the ministry of the Methodist church. He served churches in Columbia and Saluda, S.C. until 1942, when he joined the staff of Wofford Coll. (Spartanburg), as assistant president. In 1949 he became dean of administration of Columbia Coll. (S.C.). Member of Campbell Lodge No. 44, Clinton, S.C.

William Hesketh Lever, 1st Viscount of Leverhulme (1851-1925) English soap manufacturer who waschairman of Lever Brothers, Ltd., the famous soap company, and founder of Port Sunlight, a model industrial town. He was also the originator of a profit-sharing plan for the benefit of his employees. He was a member of parliament from 1906-10, and high sheriff of Lancashire in 1917. He was created viscount in 1922. He was the first initiate of William Hesketh Lever Lodge No. 2916 at Port Sunlight, England, which was founded in his honor and consecrated June 4, 1902. He was initiated the following July 8th. In 1929 he was appointed senior grand warden of the Grand Mark Lodge of England.

Richard Leveridge (1670?-1758) English musician and composer who composed The Roast Beef of Old England, Black Eyed Susan, All in the Downs, and other songs. He was a bass singer in London theaters and a member of the lodge, meeting at Bear and Harrow Tavern, in Butcher Row by Temple Bar about 1731.

Louis E. Leverone (1880-1957) President of Nationwide Food Service, Inc. from 1945-57. b. April 29, 1880 at Wakefield, Mass. Brother of Nathaniel Leverone, q.v. In sales field with Western Electric and leather companies from 1904-12. With Stein, Hirsh & Co., Chicago, 1912-20, and vice-president and general manager of Stein-Hall Mfg. Co., 1920-42. From 1929-35 he was chairman of board of Automatic Canteen Co. of America, and a partner of Canteen Co. since 1939. From 1942-45 he was general manager of Canteen Food Service. He is also the owner of Leverone Nursery, Half-Day, Ill. Active in aeronautical associations and safety groups and vocational guidance organizations. Initiated in Ravenswood Lodge No. 777, Chicago, Ill. in 1909; exalted in Columbia Chapter No. 202 in 1910; greeted in Adoniram Council No. 95 in 1912; and knighted in Apollo Commandery No. 1 in 1911. Joined

80 Robert Lewers Medinah Shrine Temple in 1911—all of Chicago. d. March 15, 1957.

Nathaniel Leverone Founder of Automatic Canteen Co. of America in 1929; president, 1929-39, and now chairman of board. b. June 26, 1884 at Wakefield, Mass. Graduate of Dartmouth Coll. in 1906. Brother of L. E. Leverone, q.v. He was Western manager of Bates Number Machine Co. 1908-12, and from 1912-22 secretary and general manager of Hill Pump Valve Co. He formed his own real estate investment company in 1922, and was in that field until 1929. He is also chairman of the board of Canteen Food Service, as well as Nationwide Food Service. Director of several banks and publishing companies. He has served as president of the National Committee for Christian Leadership since 1944, and chairman of the sponsoring committee of American Bible Society since 1945. Active in civic organizations. Initiated in Ravenswood Lodge No. 777 in 1910; exalted in Columbia Chapter No. 202, R.A.M. in 1911; greeted in Adoniram Council No. 95 R. & S.M. in 1913 and knighted in Apollo Commandery No. 1 in 1912; initiated in Medinah Shrine Temple in 1912—all of Chicago, Ill.

Eliphas Levi (1810-1875) The pseudonym of Louis Alphonse Constance. He was a prolific writer on the associations of Masonic symbols and transcendental magic. His principal works include: History of Magic; Doctrine of Transcendental Magic; Ritual of Transcendental Magic; Key of the Grand Mysteries; Fables and Symbols and others. Trained for the Roman Catholic priesthood, he achieved the title of "abbe," but his independent views made him unacceptable to the church. He later married and divorced. Was imprisoned for six months for a political pamphlet in 1839.

Charles A. Levine Pioneer aviator, who on June 4-6, 1927 made a flightfrom New York to Germany with Clarence D. Chamberlain. Member of Fortitude Lodge No. 19, Brooklyn, N.Y., receiving degrees on May 17, June 7 and June 21, 1923. Became unaffiliated Nov. 17, 1932.

Moses C. Levy (1749?-1839) One of the founders of the Mother Supreme Council Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite at Charleston, S.C. b. in Cracow, Poland. His uncle had been physician to the king of Poland. He went to England, where he lived for a time in London, before coming to Charleston. He was treasurer, and later president of the congregation Bayh Elohim in Charleston, to which he was a liberal contributor of time and funds. Albert Pike pronounced him "one of the most illustrious of Hebrews, a man of great learning and equally great virtues." He became a member of the Supreme Council on May 9, 1802.

Uriah P. Levy (1795?-1862) U.S. Naval officer who was flag officer of the Mediterranean squadron in 185860. b. in Pa. about 1795. He entered the U.S. Navy in 1812, and was an officer aboard the brig Argus which escaped the blockade and took out William H. Crawford as minister to France. In the English channel it destroyed 21 vessels. When the ship was captured, he was made prisoner for two years. Became lieutenant in 1817, commander in 1837, and captain in 1844. He was active in the movement to abolish flogging in the Navy. He became the owner of Monticello, home of Thomas Jefferson, of whom he was an ardent admirer. He willed the property to the U.S. government, but his will was contested successfully, and it remained in private hands. He was initiated Nov. 19, 1812 in Columbia Lodge No. 91, Philadelphia, Pa. d. March 22, 1862.

Robert Lewers (1862-1922) President of University of Nevada, 191214. b. June 19, 1862 in Franktown,

81 Sir Watkins Lewes Nev. He taught in the public schools from 1881-89, and was with the U. of Nevada from 1890 as registrar. Was vice-president from 1909. He served as grand master of the Grand Lodge of Nevada; grand high priest of the Grand Chapter of Nevada; and grand commander of the Grand Commandery of Nevada. Was 33° AASR (SJ) and past potentate of the Shrine. Raised in Valley Lodge No. 9, Dayton, Nevada in 1885, dimitting to Reno Lodge No. 13, Reno on March 14, 1891 and serving as master 1894-95, 1899-1900. d. Jan. 12, 1922.

Sir Watkins Lewes Lord Mayor of London, 1780-81. He was initiated in the Lodge of Emulation in 1761.

Alma D. Lewis Labor union executive. b. Jan. 23, 1889 in Colfax, Iowa. In early life he worked in coal mines, and from 1924-30 was director of mines and minerals, State of Illinois. From 1930-34 he was assistant director general of U.S. Employment Service. From 1934-39 he was assistant to president of United Mine Workers of America. He has been director of United Construction Workers (affiliated with UMW) since 1939. Served overseas in WWI with Corps of Engineers. Member of Central Lodge No. 71, Springfield, Ill.; Hillsboro Chapter No. 197, R.A.M., Hillsboro, Ill.; St. Omer Commandery No. 30, Litchfield, Ill.; and Ansar Shrine Temple, Springfield, Ill.

David P. Lewis Former Governor of Alabama. Past master of Moulton Lodge No. 6, Moulton, Ala.

Earl R. Lewis (1887-1955) U.S. Congressman to 76th and 78th through 80th Congresses from 18th Ohio dist. b. Feb. 22, 1887 in Lamira, Ohio. Graduate of Muskingum Coll. and Western Reserve U. Admitted to the bar in 1914, practicing at St. Clairsvine. Mason and Shriner. d. Feb. 2, 1955.

Edward S. Lewis (1855-1934) University president. b. Aug. 24, 1855 in Natick, Mass. Graduate of Boston U. Professor of physics at Cincinnati Wesleyan Coll. 1881-82. President of Little Rock U. (Ark.), 1882-86, and president of Chattanooga U., 1886-90. Ordained to Methodist ministry in 1884, and served as pastor in Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Columbus, Ohio. He was associate editor of the Sunday school publications of the church from 1908-23, and in charge of same in 1929-30. Mason, Knight Templar and 32° AASR. d. Oct. 14, 1934.

Ernest W. Lewis (1875-1927) Justice, Supreme Court of Arizona, 190912. b. Dec. 27, 1875 at Indiana, Pa. Admitted to the bar in 1900, and practiced at Phoenix. Member of Arizona Lodge No. 2 at Phoenix, Ariz., receiving degrees on Aug. 13, 20 and 27, 1907. d. April 3, 1927.

Fielding Lewis (1726-1781) American Revolutionary patriot who married George Washington's sister, Elizabeth. b. in 1726 in Spottsylvania Co., Va. He was the proprietor of half the town of Fredericksburg, Va., of which he was first mayor. During the Revolution he was an ardent patriot, and manufactured guns. He built the mansion "Kenmore House" for his wife. Mary, the mother of Washington, died and was buried there. His son, Lawrence, married Eleanor Parke Custis, daughter of John Parke Custis, the son of Martha Washington. He was a member of Fredericksburg Lodge No. 4, Va., and attended the Grand Lodge of Virginia in Oct., 1778. d. Dec., 1781.

Francis Lewis (1713-1803) Signer of the Declaration of Independence. Often referred to as a Freemason, but no definite proof. His son, Morgan Lewis, q.v., became grand master of the Grand Lodge of New York.

1931-39. b. In Danville, Va. May 18, 1863. Graduate of Ohio Northern U. and Baylor U. Admitted to Washington bar, serving in state senate and U.S. congressman at large from Wash. He moved to Chicago, Ill. in 1903. He was the last U.S. senator in the country to be elected by a state legislature. He was elected first "whip" of the Senate in the history of that body. Contender for vice presidential nomination in both 1900 and 1920. Declined ambassadorship to Belgium. Served in Spanish-American War and Philippine Insurrection. In WWI he was special representative of the War Dept. and the president, to General Pershing. He served as commissioner on joint commission in London, settling Canadian-Alaskan boundary, and also in U.S.-Canadian customs regulations. Member of Apollo Lodge No. 642, Chicago; grand orator of Grand Lodge of Illinois in 1913; Knight Templar and Shriner. d. April 9, 1939.

Lawrence Lewis (1879-1943) U.S. Congressman to 73rd through 78th Congresses (1933-45) from 1st Colo. dist. b. June 22, 1879 in St. Louis, Mo. Graduate of Harvard in 1901. He practiced law at Denver from 1909. Received his degrees in South Pueblo Lodge No. 31, Pueblo, Colo. on Jan. 27, Feb. 4, and March 16, 1904. Affiliated with Union Lodge No. 7, Denver, on Nov. 23, 1918. d. Dec. 9, 1943.

Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809) American explorer and governor of Louisiana Territory, 1807-09. b. Aug. 18, 1774 near Charlottesville, Va. He served with the troops in the "Whiskey Insurrection" in 1794, and entered the regular service the following year, becoming a captain in 1800. In 180003 he was private secretary to President Jefferson, who, in the latter year, named him to command the expedition to explore the newly acquired Louisiana purchase. He set out in the summer of 1803 from St. Louis, accompanied by his associate, Capt. Wil- Liam Clark, q.v. They reached the mouth of the Columbia on Nov. 15, 1805, going by way of the Missouri to its source, crossing the Great Divide, and then descending the Kooskoosky and Columbia. The distance was more than 4,000 miles. They wintered on the Columbia, and then retraced their steps and reached St. Louis in Sept., 1806. Congress made grants of land to all the men on the expedition. Lewis was made governor of the Louisiana Territory, which at that time included all the land of the purchase except the present state of Louisiana. Lewis petitioned Door to Virtue Lodge No. 44, Albemarle Co., Va. on Dec. 31, 1796, was initiated, Jan. 28, 1797, and the following evening received the other two degrees. On April 2, 1792 he received the degree of Past Master in this lodge. He received the Royal Arch Degree in Staunton Lodge No. 13, and although the exact date is not known, there is a diploma in the Library of Congress dated Oct. 31, 1799. The Door to Virtue Lodge went out of existence in 1801, and most members transferred to Widow's Son Lodge No. 60, which first met at Milton, and later in Charlottesville. It is thought that Lewis was one of those who transferred. It is certain, however, that he was a member of Staunton Lodge No. 13, Staunton, Va., as it was here that he received the Royal Arch Degree, and the original proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Virginia show that he withdrew from this lodge about 1800. The next Masonic reference is the application for a dispensation dated Aug. 2, 1808 and addressed to the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, from a number of brethren residing in St. Louis. The signature of Meriwether Lewis heads the application and he is recommended as a "past master to be the first master." St. Louis Lodge No. 111 was constituted by Judge Otho Shrader, q.v., of St. Genevieve, Mo. on Nov 8, 1808, with Governor Lewis being in-

83 Morgan Lewis stalled as master of this first St. Louis lodge. Shortly after Lewis had concluded his year as master, he left for Washington, D.C. While staying at a hostel on the Natchez trace, near the present city of Hoenwald, Tenn., he died of gunshot wounds. It is not known whether he had been robbed and killed or had committed suicide. He had long been subject to attacks of depression and hypochondria. d. Oct. 8, 1809.

Morgan Lewis (1754-1844) Colonel in American Revolution; Major General in War of 1812; Governor of New York; Grand Master of Grand Lodge of New York. b. Oct. 16, 1754 in New York City, the second son of Francis Lewis, q.v., signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was graduated from Princeton in 1773, and studied law. In 1774 he joined the army at Boston as a volunteer, was elected captain of a New York militia regiment, and was commissioned major when it was taken into the Continental service as the 2nd New York regiment. In 1776 he was an aide to General Horatio Gates, q.v., with rank of colonel, and quartermaster-general of the northern army. In 1778 he commanded at the Battle of Stone Arabia and at Crown Point. After the war he was prominent in N.Y. politics, becoming judge of court of common pleas, and in 1791 attorney-general of the state. In 1792 he was chief justice of the state supreme court, and governor of N.Y., 1804-07. He declined the post of secretary of War in 1812, but accepted appointment as quartermaster-general of the armies of the U.S. In 1813 he was promoted to the rank of major general. He served on the Niagara frontier, captured Fort George and commanded at Sackett's Harbor and French Creek. He was chief marshal at the inauguration ceremonies for George Washington, and in his 79th year delivered an oration at the centennial of Washington's birth. He married Gertrude, daughterof Robert R. Livingston, q.v. He was initiated in Union Lodge No. 3 (now Mt. Vernon) of Albany, N.Y. in 1776, and the following year admitted to Masters' Lodge No. 2 of the same city. In 1781 he was senior warden of Masters' Lodge. In 1789 he affiliated with Holland Lodge No. 8, N.Y.C., and on June 23, 1842, in his 87th year, affiliated with St. Johns Lodge No. 1, N.Y.C. He was unanimously elected grand master of the Grand Lodge of New York on June 3, 1830, in which office he continued until his death on April 7, 1844.

Seth Lewis (1764-1848) First Chief Justice of Mississippi Territory in 1800. b. in Mass. He was also the first master of a lodge in Mississippi—Harmony Lodge No. 33 (now No. 1) of Natchez. d. near Alexandria, La. in 1848.

Frederick J. Libby Executive Secretary of National Council for Prevention of War since 1921. b. Nov. 24, 1874 in Richmond, Me. Graduate of Bowdoin in 1894, and studied in Berlin, Heidelberg, Marburg, and Oxford. From 1905-11 he was pastor of Union Congregational Church at Magnolia, Mass. In 1911-12 he traveled in China and Australia; taught in Phillips Exeter Acad. in 1912-20, and worked with Society of Friends in 1918-19, in reconstruction and relief work, in France. Member of Richmond Lodge No. 63, Richmond, Maine.

Lord Bishop of Lichfield (18781953) Dr. Edward Sydney Woods, English prelate who was high almoner to King George VI, q.v., and also H.R.H. Queen Elizabeth, q.v. Of Quaker stock, he was born in Hereford, the great-grandson of Elizabeth Fry, the great Quaker preacher who devoted her life to prison reform. He was initiated April 26, 1928 in Waddon Lodge No. 4162 of Surrey, and later joined Croydon Chantry Lodge No. 5063. d. Jan. 11, 1953.

84 Gordon W. Lillie Mcllyar H. Lichliter Editor of Scottish Rite News Letter of Northern Jurisdiction. b. Aug. 23, 1877 in Butler, Pa. Graduate of DePauw U. and Ohio Wesleyan U. He was ordained in the Methodist Episcopal ministry in 1900, and was a pastor for 42 years until his retirement in 1942. He served churches in Pitcairn, Pa., Olean, N.Y., St. Louis, Mo., and Cleveland, Ohio. He entered the Congregational Church in 1919, and was pastor at Newton, Mass., and Columbus, Ohio. He is now engaged in ritualistic research for the Scottish Rite (NJ) and is grand prior of the Supreme Council, 33° AASR, and active member-at-large. He was initiated in Olean Lodge No. 252, Olean, N.Y., and 32° in Buffalo, N.Y.

Alexander Lichtentag (1868-1938) Inventor of Paragon shorthand system. b. March 13, 1868 in New Orleans, La. Graduate of Royal U. of Berlin, Germany. His shorthand system is in use in many parts of the world. He was also the originator of "Word Hunt," an educational game that was syndicated in newspapers of the U.S. and other countries. Mason. d. Jan. 14, 1938.

Franklin H. Lichtenwalter U.S. Congressman to 80th and 81st Congresses (1947-51) from 8th Pa. dist. b. March 28, 1910 in Palmerton, Pa. Member of the Pa. legislature from 1938-47, serving as majority leader and speaker. A director of Goschenhoppen Mutual Fire Ins. Co. since 1942. Member of National Conference on Child Welfare and Youth. Member of Saucon Lodge No. 469, Coopers-burg, Pa., receiving degrees on April 8, Sept. 9, and Oct 21, 1941.

Henry Lieferant Editor-in-chief of True Story magazine. b. Jan. 30, 1892 in Poland. Educated in that country, coming to U.S. in 1910, and naturalized in 1918. Was first associated with a fashion magazine, and then in freelance short story writing until 1927.

With Macfadden Publications, N.Y.C. from 1927-46. Served in WWI as a corporal. Co-author of: Doctors' Wives; Grass on the Mountain; Charity Patient; United They Stand; Teacher's Husband; and others. Mason.

Gustav 0. Lienhard President and director of Chicopee Mills, Inc. (Mass.) and Chicopee Mfg. Corp. of Mass. and N.H. b. Oct. 22, 1905 in N.Y.C. Has been a certified public accountant since 1932. Director of Johnson and Johnson. Mason.

Jacob Lienhard Brigadier General, U.S. Marine Corps. b. Sept. 5, 1889 in Sheboygan Co., Wis. He enlisted in the Marine Corps in 1909, advanced to warrant officer in 1918, and commissioned same year, retiring as brigadier general in 1946. Member of Joseph Robbins Lodge No. 930, Peoria, Ill., 32° AASR (NJ) and Mohammed Shrine Temple, both of Peoria.

Gordon W. Lillie (1860-1942) (Known as "Pawnee Bill") Ranch-man, partner of Buffalo Bill, q.v., and showman. b. Feb. 14, 1860 in Bloomington, Ill. He began career as a hunter and trapper in 1878, and was interpreter for Pawnee Indian tribe. He became a rancher near Medicine Lodge, Kans. He joined the Buffalo Bill Wild West Show in 1883 as interpreter and manager of the Pawnee Indians with the show. He was a professional showman for many years in the U.S. and Europe. From 190813 he was a partner of Buffalo Bill. From 1909 he was owner of Pawnee Bill's Buffalo Ranch, Oldtown, and Indian Trading Post. He was active in work among the Pawnee Indians and in perpetuation of the buffalo. He was the author of Thirty Years Among the Pawnee Indians (1928), and coauthor of several others including Oklahoma; Blazing Horizon; and

85 Adelino de Figueiredo Lima Pawnee Bill, the Romance of Oklahoma. Mason, he received the 32° AASR (SJ) at Guthrie, Okla. on Jan. 24, 1901. A Shriner, he was honorary member of temples at Philadelphia, Little Rock, and Oklahoma City. d. Feb. 3, 1942.

Adelino de Figueiredo Lima Brazilian Masonic writer and author of the best-seller Nos Bastidores do Misterm. His Os Templerios and Livre Proibido are widely read by Brazilian Masons. He was president of the Masonic Academy of Higher Studies in Rio de Janeiro and founder of the magazine Actualidades Maconicas. Born in Portugal, he lived for a time in Asia, Africa, Oceania and finally in Brazil. He exercises much influence in the Grand Lodge of Brazil and is secretary of its foreign relations committee.

Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) Sixteenth President of the United States. Not a Mason, but there are several interesting Masonic references to him. On April 17, 1865, Tyrian Lodge No. 333 of Springfield, Ill. adopted the following resolution: "T h e first thought of a Mason should be, as his duty is, to trust in God.. . . Resolved, that the decision of President Lincoln to postpone his application for the honors of Masonry, lest his motives should be misconstrued, is in the highest degree honorable to his memory." In 1842 he was invited by a lodge to deliver the funeral oration of his good friend, Bowling Greene, but broke down in the middle of it and could not continue. In Oct. of 1860 Robert Morris, q.v., of Kentucky, called on Lincoln in Springfield, Ill., and in the course of conversation Morris referred to the fact that all Lincoln's opponents for president were Freemasons. Lincoln replied, "I am not a Freemason, Dr. Morris, though I have a great respect for the institution." At the time of his death many lodges and individual Masons wereof the opinion that he was a member of the Craft. Friendship Lodge No. 84 of Hagerstown, Md. even held a lodge of sorrow on April 19, 1865, believing he was a Mason. Watertown Lodge No. 49, Watertown, N.Y. passed this resolution on April 19, 1865; "Resolved that Watertown Lodge No. 49 join in the funeral procession in honor of our late Brother, Abraham, President of the U.S." In 1865 a French Masonic magazine (Monde Maconnique) referred to him as a "member of the Grand Lodge of New York." Washington Commandery No. 1, K.T., Washington, D.C. did act as an escort at his funeral.

Benjamin Lincoln (1733-1810) Major General in American Revolution, and Secretary of War, 1781-84. b. Jan. 24, 1733 in Hingham, Mass. He was a farmer until 1773. He was a member of the provincial congresses of Mass., serving as secretary. Active in organizing and training the Continental troops, he was appointed major general of militia in 1776. In June of that year he commanded the expedition that cleared Boston harbor of British vessels. He fought at the battles of Long Island, White Plains, and Fort Independence. He was commissioned major general in the regulars in 1777, on the recommendation of Washington. With generals Schuyler and Arnold, q.v., he operated against Burgoyne. He was with Gates, q.v., at Stillwater and commanded the right wing. He was severely wounded at the Battle of Bemis's Heights. In Sept., 1778 he was given command of the southern department and was eventually captured with his army at Charleston. Exchanged, he immediately joined Washington on the Hudson River, participated in the siege of Yorktown and was appointed by Washington to receive Cornwallis' sword of surrender. After the establishment of the Federal government, Washington named him collector of the port of Boston, a position which

86 Charles A. Lindbergh he held until about two years before his death. He was a member of the Mass. convention that ratified the U.S. Constitution, and was president of the Mass. Society of the Cincinnati from its organization until his death. He was much esteemed by General Washington. He received his degrees without fees ("complimented with the degrees this evening") in St. Andrew's Lodge of Boston on Dec. 25, 1780, and two days later was present at the St. John the Evangelist day meeting of the Grand Lodge of Mass. On June 24, 1785 there was a "Benjamin Lincoln" recorded as being present at the Grand Lodge of Mass. as a member of Rising Sun Lodge. d. May 9, 1810.

Irving A. Lindberg Ambassador and financial adviser. b. Feb. 14, 1887 in Cherokee, Ill. Graduate of U. of Illinois in 1910. He was in railway and newspaper work until 1907, when he became an economist on President Taft's Efficiency Commission. In 1912 he was assigned to reorganize the accounting system of Nicaragua. He became a colonel in the Nicaragua Secret Service, collector of customs, and in 1928, high commissioner of Republic of Nicaragua. From 1931-37 he was on financial missions to Europe with rank of special ambassador. From 1931-37 he was Nicaraguan minister (E.E. & M.P.) to Germany, Italy and Sweden. He represented Nicaragua at the coronation in London, and was appointed consul general of Norway to Nicaragua in 1938. He accompanied the Nicaraguan President Somoza on U.S. visit in 1939, and in 1946, was made brigadier general in Nicaraguan Army for life. Mason, 32° AASR and Shriner.

Charles A. Lindbergh American pioneer aviator. b. Feb. 4, 1902 at Detroit, Mich. Left. U. of Wisconsin in 1920 to enroll in flying school at Lincoln, Nebr. He enrolled as a flying cadet in U.S. Air Service at Brooks Field, Texas in 1924, and later advanced to colonel in the reserve. He made first flight as an air mail pilot from Chicago to St. Louis on April 15, 1926. In Feb. 1927 he went to San Diego to order and supervise construction of his famous plane, The Spirit of St. Louis. He took off from San Diego on May 10, 1927, and landed at Curtiss Field, L.I., N.Y. May 12th (with stopover at St. Louis) with flight time of 21 hours and 20 minutes, a record coast to coast flight. He took off alone on May 20, 1927, on a non-stop trans-Atlantic flight from Roosevelt Field, N.Y., via Newfoundland, Ireland, and England, and landed at Paris, France the next day, covering an estimated distance of 3,600 miles in 331/2 hours. He was given official reception by the French government, and later at Brussels and London. He was officially welcomed by President Coolidge on return and made air tour of 75 American cities to promote aeronautics under auspices of Guggenheim Foundation. On invitation from president of Mexico, he made a non-stop flight from Washington, D.C. to Mexico City, a distance of 2,100 miles in 27 hours and 10 minutes. He later visited Central America and the West Indies. At this time he was probably the best known person in the world. He made a survey of the U.S. plane production for the Army in 1939. In 1941 he toured the U.S. making radio speeches, urging the U.S. to keep out of war. He was bitterly attacked for this by American internationalists, and even branded as a traitor. Once at war, he gave valuable service to our Air Force as a technical adviser, and even flew combat missions in the Pacific as a civilian. He was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor, the Pulitzer Prize, and many other honors. Lindbergh received his degrees in Keystone Lodge No. 243, St. Louis, Mo., June 9, Oct. 20, and Dec. 15, 1926, and is a life member of that lodge. He is also a

87 Ernest H. Lindley member of St. Louis Chapter No. 33, National Sojourners, and of the Sciots at San Diego, Calif. On his history-making flight from New York to Paris, he wore the square and compasses on his jacket as a luck charm. The plane also bore a Masonic tag from his lodge. He received many medals and citations from grand lodges throughout the world and they are now on display at the Jefferson Memorial in St. Louis. d. Aug. 26, 1974.

Ernest H. Lindley (1869-1940) University president. b. Oct. 2, 1869 in Paoli, Ind. Graduate of U. of Indiana and Clark U. Also studied at Jena, Leipzig, Heidelberg, and Harvard. Was professor of philosophy at Indiana U., 1902-17. President of U. of Idaho, 1917-20, and chancellor of U. of Kansas, 1920-39. Mason. d. Aug. 21, 1940.

Walter C. Lindley (1880-1958) Federal judge. b. July 12, 1880 in Neoga, Ill. Graduate of U. of Illinois. Practiced law at Danville, Ill. from 1904-22. Was judge of U.S. district court, Eastern Ill. from 1922-49, and from 1949 was judge of the U.S. circuit court of appeals at Chicago. Member of Olive Branch Lodge No. 38, Danville, Ill. and grand orator of the Grand Lodge of Illinois in 1931. Dimitted Aug. 15, 1933. Held membership in Scottish Rite and Shrine. d. Jan. 3, 1958.

Salomon Arvid A. Lindman (18621936) Swedish Admiral. He was twice prime minister of Sweden, 190611 and 1928-30. In 1905 he was a member of the Diet, and also minister of the Navy in that year. In 1917 he was minister of foreign affairs. Lindman served in the Navy from 1882-91. At the time of his death he was grand chancellor of the Grand Lodge of Sweden and was extremely active in Masonic affairs. He often visited the British Isles for Masonic festivities, and his death occurred when hisplane crashed at London's Croydon airfield on Dec. 4, 1936. He was on his way home after attending the Masonic bicentenary in Scotland. He served as master of the oldest Swedish lodge, Den Nordiska Forsta, from 1927-36 and was grand chancellor of the Grand Lodge of Sweden from 1926-36. He was particularly interested in creating and strengthening the fraternal relations of his grand lodge and other jurisdictions. His son, Rolf, is active in Swedish Freemasonry.

Robert 0. Lindneux Artist, specializing in Western scenes. b. Dec. 11, 1874 in New York City. He was educated under private tutors and studied in Dusseldorf, Paris, Munich, and worked under noted masters in London, Amsterdam, Dresden, Berlin, and Buda-Pest from 1888-97. He lived on the western plains of the U.S. 40 years to prepare himself as a portrayer of western Americana. Among his many works are portraits of Buffalo Bill Cody and Wild Bill Hickok at the Cody Memorial Museum; General John J. Pershing. His Bryce Canyon, Red Cloud, Mashoncee, and Shepherd of the Hills are at Northwestern U.; Opening of Oklahoma Territory at Oklahoma U.; Ouray, Chepita, Beecher Island Battle, Sand Creek Fight and others at Colorado State Historical -Museum; Duel Between Buffalo Bill and Yellow Hair at Buffalo Bill Museum, Cody, Wyo. His Trail of Tears hangs in the Frank Phillips Museum, Bartlesville, Okla. He also executed an Americana series of 45 portraits of Indian chiefs and men who have made American history. Member of Albert Pike Lodge No. 117, Denver, Colo., receiving degrees Jan. 17, Feb. 7 and 21, 1919.

Robert J. Lindquist (1902-1951) Executive. b. Dec. 25, 1902 at Sycamore, Ill. He was vice president and director of the following companies: Reynolds Metals Co., U.S. Foil Co.,

88 Edward B. Linnen Fulton Syiphon Co., Bridgeport Thermostat Co., Eskimo Pie Corp., Reynolds Corp., Reynolds Mining Corp., Reynolds Fiscal Corp., American Thermometer Co., Standard Oil of Indiana and others. Mason. d. May 5, 1951.

Alexander Lindsay, Jr. (1871-1926) Justice, Supreme Court of Hawaii, 1922-26. b. Oct. 29, 1871 in Fifeshire, Scotland, moving with parents to Hawaii at age of 10. Graduate of U. of Michigan in 1902. He practiced in Hawaii, serving as district magistrate and circuit judge and in 1910-12 was attorney general of Hawaii. Member of Hawaiian Lodge No. 21, being raised Dec. 12, 1917. d. Sept. 5, 1926.

William Lindsay (1835-1909) U.S. Senator from Kentucky, 1893-1901. b. Sept. 4, 1835 in Rockbridge Co., Va. Settled in Clinton, Ky. in Nov. 1854 where he practiced law. Was a captain in the Confederate Army in the Civil War from 1861-65 and at one time was a prisoner of war. He became judge of the Kentucky court of appeals, 1870-78 and chief justice of the court in 1876-78. After this he practiced in Frankfort, Ky. After his term as senator he moved to New York City where he practiced law and in 1901 was U.S. commissioner to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis. Member and past master of Hickman Lodge No. 131, Clinton, Ky. d. Oct. 15, 1909.

Lewis F. Linn (1795-1843) U.S. Senator from Mo., 1833-43. b. Nov. 5, 1795 near Louisville, Ky. He studied medicine and settled at St. Genevieve, Mo. He was an authority on Asiatic cholera. He was a half-brother of Henry Dodge, q.v., who reared him from the age of eleven. In 1830 he was elected to the state legislature and was appointed to the U.S. senate in 1833. He was elected to the senate in 1834, 1836 and 1842 and had the distinction of being the only U.S. senatorfrom Missouri to have been unanimously elected (1836) and the only doctor elected to the senate from Mo. He was known as the "Model Senator." He was a strong advocate of the acquisition and colonization of Oregon and was the author of the Oregon bill which earned him the title "father of Oregon." One of his greatest achievements was the Platte Purchase which gave Mo. the territory now forming the counties of Andrew, Atchison, Buchanan, Holt, Nodaway and Platte. He was very popular among his constituents in the senate and one day when reading a number of bills, Senator James Buchanan, q.v., interrupted saying: "Doctor, we will save you the trouble. If you recommend them, we will pass the whole bundle." He was originally appointed to the senate in 1833 to succeed Alexander Buckner, q.v. He became a member of Louisiana Lodge No. 109, St. Genevieve, Mo. sometime between 1815 and 1824. A letter written to the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, requesting return of their charter so that their business might be cleared up before the proposed Grand Lodge of Mo. was organized, shows his signature first, followed by his half-brother, Henry Dodge. d. Oct. 3, 1843.

Richard Linnecar Author of the well known Masonic ode beginning: "Let there be Light! Th' Almighty spoke," contained in his volume Strictures on Freemasonry which was published at Leeds in 1789. Little is known of him except he was coroner of Wakefield, England, and for many years master of the Lodge of Unanimity No. 238 of that city.

Edward B. Linnen (1864-1928) Former chief inspector of U.S. Secret Service. b. March 21, 1864 in Le Sueur, Minn. He was inspector of river and harbor improvements of War Dept. in 1882-85 and with railway mail service, 1885-88. He was in-

89 Henry D. Linscott spector for Dept. of Interior from 1894-1922. He was editor and publisher of the Sibley County Independent (Minn.) in 1884-85 and the Graphic Sentinel, Lake City, Minn., 188588. Mason. d. April 1, 1928.

Henry D. Linscott Brigadier General, U.S. Marine Corps. b. Sept. 3, 1894 at Milford, Kans. Graduate of Kansas State Coll. and George Washington U. Commissioned 2nd lieutenant in Marine Corps in 1917 and advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1946. In WWI he served in Santo Domingo and France and after the war in Santo Domingo and Nicaragua. In WWII he was assistant chief of staff of the 3rd Amphibious Force, participating in the operations for the capture of Guadalcanal, Russell Islands, Rendova, New Georgia, Vella Lavella, Bougainville and Green Island (1942-44). He later commanded the service command for the Pacific Marine forces, and from 1947 was deputy commander of Camp Lejeune, N.C. Mason.

Sir Thomas J. Lipton (1850-1931) British tea packer and international sportsman. b. in Glasgow, Scotland of Irish parentage. In his youth he worked for about ten years in the United States. In 1876 he opened a grocery store in Glasgow which he expanded into a large chain of stores throughout Great Britain, dealing in tea, coffee, cocoa, groceries and meats. He next acquired tea, coffee and cocoa plantations in Ceylon and packing houses and factories in England and Chicago, Ill. He competed five times for the America Cup, the symbol of international yachting championship, with five different yachts, each named Shamrock. The years were 1899, 1901, 1903, 1920 and 1930. He was initiated in Lodge Scotia, No. 178, Glasgow, Scotland in Aug., 1870 and passed and raised on Aug. 17th. Although he did not take a prominent part in Masonic affairs, he was theoldest member on the rolls of his lodge at his death.

Ernest Lister (1870-1918) Governor of Washington, 1913-18. b. June 15, 1870 in Halifax, England, coming to America in 1884. He was owner of Lister Construction Co. of Tacoma, 1903-12 and president of Lister Manufacturing Co., Tacoma. Member of Lebanon Lodge No. 104, Tacoma, Wash. d. June 14, 1918.

Franz von Liszt (1811-1886) Hungarian piano virtuoso and composer. b. Oct. 22, 1811 in Hungary. He studied in Vienna and Paris and was on the concert stage from 1822-48. He withdrew from public concerts to live with the Comtesse d'Agoult by whom he had three children. In 1848 he settled at Weimar with the Princess Sayn-Wittgenstein and devoted himself to composition, writing and conducting court concerts. Leaving the princess in 1861, he went to Rome where he became a member of the Catholic Franciscan order and was known as "Abbe Liszt." He passed the remainder of his life between Rome and Weimar with intervals of teaching in the Hungarian Conservatory of Music in Budapest. He wrote symphonies, oratorios, rhapsodies and piano pieces. He was initiated in the lodge Zur Einigkeit at Frankfort-onthe-Main, Sept. 18, 1841 and received the second and third degrees in the lodge Zur Eintracht in Berlin in Feb. of the following year. d. July 31, 1886.

Paul W. Litchfield President of Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., 192640 and Chairman of Board from 1930. b. July 26, 1875 in Boston, Mass. Graduate of Mass. Institute of Technology in 1896. He began with the Goodyear company in 1900. He was superintendent from 1900-15, and vice president from 1915-26. He is also chairman of Goodyear Aircraft Corp. and has been a leader in the development of lighter-than-air craft. He is a mem-

90 Tom Little ber of the national executive board of The Boy Scouts of America. Member of Adoniram Lodge No. 517, Akron, Ohio, receiving degrees May 26, June 23, and Aug. 28, 1902. 33° AASR (NJ).

Charles H. Litchman (1849-1902) First General Secretary of the Knights of Labor—America's first labor organization. b. April 8, 1849 in Marblehead, Mass. He was secretary (both state and national) of the Grand Lodge Knights of Saint Crispin (Shoemakers) from 1875-78, and secretary of Knights of Labor in 1878-81, and again in 1886-88. Served in Mass. state legislature in 1879. Member of Amity Lodge, Danvers, Mass. d. in 1902.

George Little (1754-1809) Revolutionary Naval Captain. b. April 10, 1754 in Marshfield, Mass. At the beginning of the Revolution he commanded the Boston, an armed vessel belonging to the state of Mass. In 1779 he was a lieutenant on the Protector and was captured by a British frigate and imprisoned in Plymouth, England. He managed to scale the walls of the prison and found his way back to America where in 1798, he was appointed to command the U.S. frigate, Boston. He cruised with this ship until the end of the war. He was made captain on March 4, 1799. After peace was made he retired to his farm near Weymouth. He was made a member of Old Colony Lodge of Hingham, Mass. in 1792 (charter member). d. July 22, 1809.

Joseph J. Little (1841-1913) U.S. Congressman from New York, 189193 (52nd Congress). b. June 5, 1841 in Bristol, England, coming to the U.S. in 1846 with his parents. Apprenticed to a printer, he established his own printing business in N.Y.C. in 1867. He was at one time commissioner of education and president of the board of education of N.Y.C. He served in the Civil War from 1862-64 with Fed-eral troops, as corporal, sergeant and 1st lieutenant. Member of Kane Lodge No. 454, N.Y.C. receiving degrees on Dec. 2, 1879, Jan. 20 and Feb 3, 1880. Exalted in Jerusalem Chapter No. 8, R.A.M. in 1891. d. Feb. 11, 1913.

Peter Little (1775-1830) U.S. Congressman from Maryland, 1811-13 and 1816-29; Colonel in War of 1812. b. in Petersburg, Pa., about 1775 he was apprenticed to a trade (mechanic) and moved to Maryland where he settled at Freedom, Carroll Co. At that time, he was the first and only mechanic to be elected to congress. He served as colonel of the 38th Infantry from May 19, 1813 to June 15, 1815. .A member of Concordia Lodge No. 13, Baltimore in 1797, he became first master of Temple Lodge No. 26 at Reisterstown in June, 1798, and later reaffiliated with Concordia lodge. He was grand secretary of the Grand Lodge of Maryland in 1798, and grand master of same in 1818. Member of Chapter No. 2, Royal Arch Masons (now extinct). d. Feb. 5, 1830.

Philip Little (1857-1942) Artist. b. Sept. 6, 1857 at Swampscott, Mass. He exhibited in Rome, Buenos Aires, Paris, London, Panama, and throughout the U.S. He is represented in permanent collections in the Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. (of which he was curator), Brunswick, Me., Philadelphia, Minneapolis, Milwaukee, Nashville, New York City, Dubuque, Ia., Boston, Mass., Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris and Municipal Gallery of Dublin, Ireland. Mason. d. March 30, 1942.

Tom Little Cartoonist and winner of Pulitzer Prize for cartoons in 1957. b. Sept. 27, 1898 near Franklin, Tenn. He studied art at Watkins Inst., Nashville, 1912-15 and worked under Carey Orr, 1913-16. He was a reporter on Nashville Tennessean, 1916-23, and N.Y. Herald Tribune Syndicate, 192324. He returned to the Nashville paper

91 John M. Littlefield in 1924 and was city editor from 193137. Since 1937 he has been a cartoonist, and from 1934-49 drew the syndicated comic panel Sunflower Street for King Features of N.Y.C. He was the winner of the National Headliners' award for outstanding editorial cartoons in 1947. Raised in Buena Vista Lodge No. 639 at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 19, 1923. 32° AASR (SJ) in Trinity Consistory No. 2, and Al Menah Shrine Temple, all of Nashville.

John M. Littlefield General Grand Master, General Grand Council, R. & S.M., 1948-51. b. July 30, 1890 at Auburn, Maine. Graduate of Bliss Business Coll., Lewiston, Maine; he attended Bryant & Stratton School, Boston, Mass. where he studied accounting and became office manager of Auburn in 1910. Raised in Ancient Brothers' Lodge No. 178, Auburn, Oct. 23, 1911, serving as master in 1917. Exalted in Bradford Chapter No. 38, Auburn, April 16, 1912; was high priest in 1920, and grand high priest in 1943. Greeted in Dunlap Council No. 8, March 25, 1919; was master in 1923, grand master in 1932. Knighted in Lewiston Commandery No. 6, K.T. May 24, 1923, and commander in 192930. 32° AASR (NJ) in Lewiston-Auburn bodies in 1920 and active in degree work. Past sovereign of Red Cross of Constantine and member of Kora Shrine Temple, Lewiston.

Lewis Littlepage (1762-1802) An American who was Polish Ambassador to Russia. b. Dec. 19, 1762 in Hanover Co., Va. Graduate of William and Mary Coll. in 1778. A relative of John Jay, q.v., who was then minister to Madrid; Littlepage joined him abroad. He volunteered in the expedition of the Duc de Crillon against Minorea in 1782, and subsequently accompanied the Prince of NassauSiegen to the siege of Gibraltar where he was blown from one of the floating batteries, but saved. He subsequentlymade a tour of Europe and located at Warsaw, Poland where he was honored for many years with the esteem and confidence of King Stanislas. He was created a knight of the order of St. Stanislas; made ambassador to Russia; chamberlain and confidential secretary, and served as a special envoy in several important negotiations. He was a friend of Lafayette, q.v., and Washington wrote of him in his diary on Nov. 8, 1785 as "an extraordinary character." He was a member of Fredericksburg Lodge No. 4, Fredericksburg, Va. and at his death in Fredericksburg on July 19, 1802, he was buried in the Masonic cemetery of that city.

Maximilien Paul Emile Littre (1801-1881) French lexicographer and philosopher who worked 40 years on the great dictionary of the French language, Dictionnaire de la Langue Franeaise. b. Feb. 1, 1801 in Paris. He studied medicine while teaching Latin and Greek. He became a follower of Auguste Comte, the "positivist" and was recognized as the head of this school of philosophy after the latter's death in 1857. Elected to the French Academy in 1871, and became a life senator in 1875. He was an associate of Leon Gambetta and Jules Ferry, the three of them affiliating with the Lodge La Clemente Amitie in Paris, -June 8, 1875. From a family of devout Roman Catholics, his funeral was conducted by that church. d. June 2, 1881.

Samuel Livermore (1732-1803) U.S. Senator from New Hampshire, 1793-1801. b. May 14, 1732 in Waltham, Mass. Graduated from Princeton U. in 1752 and studied law, being admitted to the bar in 1757, and began practice in 1758 in Portsmouth, N.Y. He was a member of the general court of that province in 1768-70 and was judge advocate of the admiralty (under the English) before the Revolution. He was a delegate to the Con-

92 Henry Beekman Livingston tinental Congress from Feb., 1780-June, 1782, and again in 1785. He was chief justice of the state supreme court from 1782-89, and, in 1788, was a member of the convention that adopted the Federal constitution. He was a U.S. representative in the 1st and 2nd congresses, serving from 1789-93. Raised in St. John's Lodge, Portsmouth, N.H. on April 12, 1758, he served as secretary of the lodge in 1759-62. d. May 18, 1803.

Edward Livingston (1764-1836) U.S. Congressman from New York; Mayor of New York City; U.S. Congressman from Louisiana; U.S. Senator from Louisiana; U.S. Secretary of State; U.S. Minister to France and fourth General Grand High Priest of the General Grand Chapter. b. May 26, 1764 in Clermont, N.Y., the younger brother of Robert R. Livingston, q.v., who negotiated the Louisiana purchase. Graduate of Princeton U. in 1781. Studied law with his brother, Robert, and was admitted to practice in 1785. His competitors were Aaron Burr, q.v., and Alexander Hamilton, q.v. He served three terms in Congress from New York (1794-1800) and was mayor of New York City from 1801-03. A yellow fever epidemic nearly ruined his health and while ill, two subordinates stole large amounts of government funds with which he had been entrusted. He then left for New Orleans (1804) in the newly established territory purchased by his brother. By 1826 he had repaid the government for the entire loss. He arrived in Louisiana with $100 in gold and a letter of credit for $1,000. It was Livingston who wrote the Civil and Criminal codes for Louisiana, drawn from French and Spanish channels, from Roman law as opposed to the English antecedents which are used by the other 47 states. He was elected to Congress from La. in 1882 and after three terms was elected U.S. senator, serving from 1828-31. He resigned from the Senate to becomesecretary of state in the cabinet of President Jackson, q.v. (1831-33). He later resigned this position to become U.S. minister to France, the position once occupied by his brother, Robert R. His original lodge is not known, but he came to Holland Lodge No. 8 of New York City by affiliation and was third junior warden of that lodge. He is listed in the returns of this lodge as a member as early as 1788. He was deputy grand master of the Grand Lodge of New York in 1801-03, relinquishing this position when he moved to New Orleans. He was charter member and first master of Louisiana Lodge No. 101, New Orleans. This lodge was chartered by the Grand Lodge of New York on Sept. 2, 1807, and after several reorganizations ultimately emerged as Perfect Union Lodge No. 1 of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana. Little is known of his Royal Arch affiliations—his chapter, or whether he ever served as high priest. He was elected general grand high priest while living in Louisiana and served from 1829 until his death in 1836, presiding over the convocations held in New York City, Baltimore, and Washington. d. May 23, 1836 in Rhinebeck, N.Y. where he had retired from public life.

Henry Beekman Livingston (17501831) Brigadier General, American Revolution. b. Nov. 9, 1750 at Rhinebeck, N.Y., a brother of Robert R., q.v., and Edward, q.v. In August, 1775 he raised a company of soldiers and accompanied his brother-in-law, General Richard Montgomery, q.v., on his expedition to Canada. For his services in the capture of Chambly in 1775, he was voted a sword of honor by congress in Dec. of that year. In Feb., 1776 he became aide-de-camp to General Philip Schuyler, q.v., and in Nov. was made colonel of the 4th battalion of New York volunteers. He resigned that command in 1779. He served with Lafayette in Rhode Island and was with him at Valley

93 James Livingston Forge. At the close of the war he was made brigadier general. He was one of the original members of the New York Society of the Cincinnati. A member of Masters Lodge No. 2 of Albany, he was admitted in 1777. d. Nov. 5, 1831.

James Livingston (1747-1832) Revolutionary soldier. b. March 27, 1747 in Canada. A cousin of Robert R., Edward and Henry B., qq.v. He was given command of a regiment of Canadian auxiliaries at the start of the war and was with General Richard Montgomery, q.v., at the capture of Fort Chambly. He later accompanied Montgomery on his invasion of Canada. He continued with the American Army as a colonel until the close of the war and was present at the Battle of Stillwater in 1777, and the surrender of Burgoyne the same year. He had command of Stony Point at the time of Benedict Arnold's, q.v., treason in 1780. Member of Solomon's Lodge No. 1, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. and master of same in 1777.

James E. Livingston Justice, Supreme Court of Alabama. b. March 17, 1892 in Notasulga, Ala. Graduate of U. of Alabama in 1918. Began law practice at Tuscaloosa. Associate justice of supreme court since 1940. Mason.

Philip Livingston (1716-1778) Signer of Declaration of Independence. b. Jan. 15, 1716 in Albany, N.Y. Graduate of Yale in 1737. Elected alderman of New York City in 1754 and held the office nine years and long-time member of provincial assembly from that city. He was one of the committee of correspondence contacting Edmund Burke, q.v. He was a member of the first Continental Congress at Philadelphia in 1774, and continued a member of that body until his death. He was chosen state senator in 1777, and attended the first meeting of the first state legislature of N.Y. He was elected one of the first delegates to thefirst congress under the new federation. No proof of his Masonic membership exists, but there was a Philip J. Livingston present with Robert R. Livingston, q.v., at the first meeting of Solomon's Lodge No. 1 at Poughkeepsie, N.Y. on May 22, 1771. d. June 12, 1778.

Robert R. Livingston (1746-1813) U.S. Minister to France who negotiated the Louisiana Purchase for the United States. b. Nov. 27, 1746 in New York City. Graduate of Kings (now Columbia) Coll. in 1765. Admitted to the bar in 1773 and for a short time was in partnership with John Jay, q.v. He was elected to the provincial assembly of N.Y. from Dutchess Co. in 1775 and sent by that body as a delegate to the Continental Congress, where he was one of the committee of five (Jefferson, Adams, Franklin and Sherman) that drew up the Declaration of Independence. He was prevented from signing as he was called away to the meeting of the N.Y. provincial convention. He was then appointed first chancellor of N.Y. under the constitution and served in that capacity from 1777 to 1801. He was again a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1777, 1779-81. As chancellor, he administered the oath of office to George Washington upon his inauguration as the first president of the United States on April 30, 1789 in New York City, using the altar Bible of St. John's Lodge No. 1 (then No. 2) for the ceremony. He held the office of secretary of foreign affairs for the U.S. in 1781-83, and, in 1788 was chairman of the N.Y. convention to consider the U.S. Constitution, whose adoption he was largely instrumental in procuring. He refused the post of minister to France in 1794, and later the secretaryship of the Navy under Jefferson, but in 1801 accepted appointment as U.S. minister to France. He was a close friend of Napoleon, q.v., and popular at court. The U.S. acquisition

94 John Jestyn, 1st Baron Llewellin of the Louisiana Territory was due in the main part to Livingston. While in France he met Robert Fulton, q.v., and became interested in steam navigation. Returning to this country, the two secured the exclusive right to navigate the waterways of N.Y. provided they could build a boat that would make four miles an hour. The first boat of 30 tons could only do three, but in 1807 the Clermont made five. He was the first to introduce merino sheep into communities west of the Hudson River and brought gypsum into use as a fertilizer. Benjamin Franklin called him the "Cicero of America" and he was honored by his state as one of the two members of the National Hall of Fame in the U.S. Capitol. He was a member of Union Lodge, N.Y.C. and served as master of same. He was elected as first grand master of the Grand Lodge of New York in 1784, and served until 1801. As grand master, he constituted Solomon's Lodge No. 1, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. on May 22, 1771. He relinquished his grandmastership on becoming minister to France. When the grand lodge presented him with a jewel on his retirement, he responded: "I shall wear, with pride and pleasure, the jewel with which the Fraternity has honored me, and consider it as a memorial of the pleasing connection which binds us to each other when the duties I owe the public shall have separated them from me. . . . My ardent prayers are for the present and future happiness of its members, and believe that I shall, in every situation in life, feel myself deeply interested in their prosperity, and that of the respectable and useful society over which they so worthily preside." He was a brother of Edward and Henry B. Livingston, qq.v. d. Feb. 26, 1813.

Alberto Lleras-Camargo President of Colombia, 1945-46. b. July 3, 1906 in Bogota, Colombia. A journalist he was with La Republica, El Tiempo, El Espectador (1924-35) and contributor to La Nacion, El Mundo of Buenos Aires in 1926-29. Editor-in-chief of El Tiempo, 1929-34 and founder and director of El Liberal, 1938-42. He has been secretary of the Liberal party, member of house of representatives, secretary of Colombian delegation to 7th Pan American Conf. in 1933, general secretary to president of Colombia 1934-35, minister of government, 1935-38, delegate to Buenos Aires Peace Conf., 1936, minister of education, 1937, chairman of house of representatives, 1941, senator and representative in national legislature, 1943; Colombian ambassador to U.S. in 1943, minister of government, 194345, minister of foreign relations, 1945, delegate to U.N. Conference at San Francisco in 1945, director general of Pan American Union, 1947-48 and secretary general of Organization of American States since 1948. Member of Lodge Murillo Torro at Bogota.

John Jestyn, 1st Baron Llewellin First Governor General of the Federation of Central Africa in 1953. b. Feb., 1893 at Chevening near Seven-oaks, Kent. He was created first Baron Llewellin of Upon in Dorset in 1945. He attended Eaton and University College at Oxford. At age of 21 he was commissioned in the Dorset Royal Garrison Artillery and served with same in France from 1915-19. He read law after the war and was called to the bar in 1921. Eight years later he became a member of parliament for Uxbridge, retaining that seat until his elevation to the peerage. He has served as secretary to the postmaster general of England; first commissioner of works; assistant government whip; civil lord of the Admiralty. He was parliamentary secretary to ministry of Supplies, 1939-40, ministry of Aircraft Production, 1940-41, ministry of War Transport, 1941-42; president of board of trade; minister of Aircraft Production; minister resident in Washington, D.C. for Supply, and minister of Food, 1943-46. In 1946 he

95 Andreas Saenz Llorente was junior grand warden of the Grand Lodge of England and was named provincial grand master for Dorset in 1952. In 1947 he was junior grand warden of the Mark Grand Lodge of England. Attained 31° in Ancient and Accepted Rite, Rose Croix.

Andreas Saenz Llorente President of the Costa Rican Constitutional Congress. A doctor, he was dean of the faculty of Medicine at the state university. Member of Caridad Lodge No. 26.

Julian Volio Llorente Former secretary of State of Costa Rica and candidate for the presidency. He was president of congress and chamber of representatives and president of the constitutional assembly in 1880. Director of the National Bank and president of the Law College. Past master of Caridad Lodge No. 26.

Edward Lloyd (1779-1834) Governor of Maryland, 180941 and U.S. Senator from Maryland, 1819-26. b. July 22, 1779 at "Wye House," Talbot Co., Md. His father of the same name was a member of the Continental Congress. His grandson, Henry Lloyd, q.v., was also governor of Md. Educated by private tutors. Member of state house of delegates, 1800-05 and to U.S. congress to fill vacancy, serving from 1806-09. Served in War of 1812 as a lieutenant colonel in 9th Maryland regiment. Member of Coates Lodge No. 76, Easton, Md. d. June 2, 1834.

Harold C. Lloyd Star of silent films and movie producer. b. April 20, 1894 in Burchard, Nebr. Attended high school in Denver, Colo. and San Diego, Calif. He began his motion picture career as an extra at the age of 19 with the Edison Co. at San Diego, and was later with Universal and other Hollywood film companies. In 1914 he joined Hal E. Roach. In his comedies, he won world fame as a symbol of American youth—hornedrimmed glasses (no lenses in the frames) and a straw hat. He appeared in more than 250 comedies, a record that few stars can approach. Among his pictures were a one-reel series known as Lonesome Lukes, Sailor Made Man, Grandma's Boy, Dr. Jack, Safety Last, Why Worry, and others. In 1923 he organized the Harold Lloyd Corp. and produced Girl Shy, Hot Water, The Freshman, For Heaven's Sake, The Kid Brother and Speedy. His first talking picture was Welcome Danger. He produced Professor Beware, and for R.K.O., A Girl, a Guy and a Gob. He was initiated in Alexander Hamilton Lodge No. 535 of Hollywood in 1925. A member of both rites, he took his Royal Arch Degree with his father. He is past sovereign of San Gabriel Conclave of Red Cross of Constantine, potentate of Al Malaikah Shrine Temple of Los Angeles in 1939, director of Shrine Hospital for Crippled Children, and in 1949 was elected Imperial Potentate of the Shrine for North America.

Henry Lloyd (1852-1932) Governor of Maryland, 1885-88. b. Feb. 21, 1852 at Hambrooks Farm near Cambridge, Md. He was the grandson of Edward L. Lloyd, q.v., another governor of Md. Educated at Cambridge Academy, he was admitted to the bar in 1873. He taught school until 1880, -and entered law practice at Cambridge, Md. in 1880. Elected to the state senate in 1881, he was president of same in 1884. He was later judge of the circuit court. He was the 20th master of Cambridge Lodge No. 66, Cambridge, Md., serving in 1878, 1879, 1885 and 1889. He was raised in 1876 and in 1885-86 was senior grand warden of the Grand Lodge of Maryland. d. April 11, 1932.

Georg J. Lober American sculptor. b. in Chicago, Ill. He studied with Calder, Borglum, and Longman. He has exhibited in well-known galleries and museums throughout the U.S.

96 Richard A. Locke and in Paris. His works include portrait bust of Theodore Roosevelt, Hall of Fame; Hans Christian Anderson medal; statue of Thomas Paine, Morristown, N.J. He was knighted by the King of Denmark in 1950, and in 1952 was recipient of the National Sculptor Society's medal of honor. Member of Hiram Lodge No. 449, New York City.

Charles S. Lobingier (1866-1956) Judge of international tribunals, author and founder of Scottish Rite in Philippines and Korea. b. April 30, 1866 in Lanark, Ill. Held five degrees from U. of Nebraska. Admitted to Nebraska bar in 1890 and practiced at Omaha until 1902, and from 1904-14, was judge of the Court of 1st Instance in the Philippines. He was judge of the U.S. Court for China from 191424. He was a law professor in seven universities during his career and wrote a number of legal books. In 1929 he was special counsel for U.S. before International Claims Commission, and in 1931 was tendered appointment by Chinese government as legal counselor. From 1934-46 he was a Securities Exchange officer. In 194649 he was chief adviser to property claims comm. of U.S. military government in Korea. He was raised in St. John's Lodge No. 25, Omaha, Nebr. in 1896, and was master in 1900. In 1901 he was grand orator of the Grand Lodge of Nebraska, and chairman of committee on codification of law from 1899-1904. Received Scottish Rite (SJ) in Omaha in 1898, and KCCH in 1901. In 1907 he established the Scottish Rite in Manila, Philippines. In 1910 he became a deputy of the Supreme Council for the Philippines, and on removal to China had the same position for that country. Elected honorary inspector general in 1913. Exalted in Omaha Chapter No. 1, R.A.M. in 1901 and later affiliated with Keystone Chapter at Shanghai, China, serving as high priest in 1917. Member of Red Cross of Constantine at Chicago (St. John's No. 1), and founded, and was first sovereign, of Asoka Conclave, Manila, and first intendant general for the Far East. Received the Royal Order of Scotland in the Provincial Grand Lodge of China in 1916. Was provincial grand master of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Philippines from 1920-26. Was the 33rd Freemason to receive the Scottish Rite's Grand Cross (1925). He wrote The Supreme Council, 33°, a history of the southern jurisdiction from its founding in 1801. d. April 28, 1956.

Edward Locke (1869-1945) Playwright. b. Oct. 18, 1869 in Stourbridge, Worcestershire, England, coming to the U.S. in 1884. His plays include The Climax, The Case of Beckey, The Silver Wedding, The Revolt, The Bubble, The Land of the Free, Dangerous Years, The Dancer, Dorothy Dixie Lee, Frieda Laughs, Mike Angelo, Swanee River, 57 Bowery, The Love Call and The Studio Girl. Mason. d. March 1, 1945.

Richard A. Locke (1800-1871) Journalist who authored the celebrated "Moon Hoax" of 1835. b. in New York, he was one time editor of the New York Sun and The New Era. Poor health forced him to leave journalism several years before his death, and he received an appointment in the New York custom house. In 1835 he created a sensation by the publication of what purported to be the astronomical observations, especially on the moon, of "Sir John Herschel, the younger," at the Cape of Good Hope, describing in detail, among other things, the discovery of lunar inhabitants. The whole account was so plausible and circumstantial that It was believed even by many scientific men. Afterward he wrote "The Lost Manuscript of Mungo Park," another hoax. Member of Benevolent Lodge No. 28, New York City. d. Feb. 16, 1871.

97 John G. Lockhart John G. Lockhart (1794-1854) Scottish biographer of Scott and Burns. Called to the bar in 1816. He married Sir Walter Scott's eldest daughter, Charlotte Sophia. He wrote four novels: Valerius, Adam Blair, Reginald Dalton and Matthew Wald. He sketched Edinburgh society in Peter's Letters to His Kinsfolk and edited the Quarterly Review from 1825-53. In 1828 he produced a biography of Burns, and in 1829 an history of the life of Napoleon. His greatest work, which is usually rated next to Boswell's Johnson among the great biographies in English, was his Life of Sir Walter Scott, in seven volumes. Member of Canongate Kilwinning Lodge, Scotland (Jan. 26, 1826). d. 1854.

Fred W. Lockley Author, specializing on Pacific Northwest history. b. March 19, 1871 at Leavenworth, Kans. Graduate of Willamette U. in 1895. He was part owner of East Oregonian at Pendleton from 1901-05, general manager of Pacific Monthly Magazine at Portland from 1905-10, and editorial writer and columnist on Oregon Journal from 1911. Served overseas with A.E.F. in WWI. While overseas he wrote for Paris edition of New York Herald and Stars and Stripes. His books include Vigilante Days in Virginia City; Sol Tetherow, Wagon Train Master; Across the Plains by Prairie Schooner; To Oregon by Ox Team in '47; History of the Columbia River Valley; Oregon Folks; Oregon's Yesterdays; Oregon Trail Blazers. Received degrees in Pendleton Lodge No. 52, Pendleton, Oreg. on Feb. 27, May 1, June 6, 1905 and later affiliated with Willamette Lodge No. 2, Willamette, Oreg.

David A. Lockmiller President of University of Chattanooga (Tenn.) since 1942. b. Aug. 30, 1906 at Athens, Tenn. Degrees from Cumberland U. (Tenn.), Emory U. (Ga.) and U. of North Carolina. Studied at Oxford in1937. Admitted to the bar and practiced at Monett, Mo. from 1929-33. Taught at N.C. State Coll. of Agriculture, U. of North Carolina, Emory U., N.C. Coll. for Negroes, and Meredith Coll. Member of Monett Lodge No. 129, Monett, Mo. since 1931.

Alfred C. Lockwood (1875-1951) Former Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Arizona. b. July 20, 1875 in Ottawa, Ill. Taught school in Arizona before being admitted to the bar in 1902. He practiced at Nogales and Douglas. He was associate justice of supreme court of Arizona three terms (1925-43), and was chief justice, 1929-30, 1935-36, and 1941-42. Retired from bench in 1943 to resume private practice. Member of Mount Moriah Lodge No. 19, Douglas, Ariz., receiving degrees Sept. 19, 26, 1905, and Jan. 30, 1906. d. Oct. 30, 1951.

Charles A. Lockwood, Jr. Vice Admiral, U.S. Navy. b. May 6, 1890 in Midland, Va. Attended high school in Lamar, Mo. and graduated from U.S. Naval Academy in 1908. While at the academy he broke the one mile record with time of 4 minutes 29 2/5 seconds. After service on the USS Mississippi and USS Arkansas, he entered submarine service in 1914, and commanded the A-2 and B-1. In WWI he commanded the first submarine division of the Asiatic Fleet, the submarines G-1 and N-5. Later he commanded the UC-97 (ex-German submarine), R-25 and S-14. He was chief of staff for submarines, U.S. Fleet, 1939-41 and naval attache, London, 1941-42. In 1942-43 he commanded the submarines of the Southwest Pacific Force based in West Australia and from 1943-45 was commander of submarines of the Pacific Fleet, based at Pearl Harbor, and later, Guam. His submarines of the latter command sank over 1,000 hostile ships including one battleship, seven aircraft carriers, and five cruisers, finding no waters too remote for their operations.

98 John A. Logan They broke into the Japanese sea and cut Japan's lines of communication. Retired Sept. 1, 1947. Since retirement he has co-authored Sink 'Em All; Hellcats of the Sea; Zoomies, Subs and Zeros; Through. Hell and Deep Water. He has acted as a technical advisor for four submarine movies filmed by Warner Bros., Metro Goldwyn Mayer, Lakeside Pictures, and Stanley Kramer Productions. He is also a member of the secretary of Defense's advisory committee on prisoners of war, which in 1955 drew up the "U.S. Fighting Man's Code." He was raised in Cavite, Philippines about 1915, and affiliated with Lamar Lodge No. 292, Lamar, Mo. about 1920.

Luke A. Lockwood (1833-1905) Author of Masonic Law and Practice. b. Dec. 1, 1833 at Riverside, Conn. He was born and died in the same house. He was initiated in Union Lodge No. 5, Stamford, Conn. in 1856, and became a charter member and first master of Acacia Lodge No. 85 at Greenwich, Conn. in 1858. On May 9, 1872 he was elected grand master of the Grand Lodge of Connecticut from the floor—the only other such instance being when Oliver Wolcott, governor of Conn., was elected from the floor. Exalted in Rittenhouse Chapter No. 11, R.A.M., Stamford, Conn., he was grand high priest two terms, 1865 and 1866. d. Nov. 20, 1905.

Paul E. Lockwood Vice President of Schenley Industries, Inc. b. June 27, 1902 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Graduate of Columbia in 1923, and Fordham U. Began as reporter for Brooklyn Eagle in 1916, and with N.Y. Evening World in 1922-23. Admitted to the bar in 1929 and practiced in N.Y.C. Governor Dewey appointed him special prosecutor in his war against rackets in N.Y. and he became chief assistant district attorney. From 1943-50 he was secretary to Governor Dewey, q.v. Became vice president of the Schenley group in 1955. Member of Bedford Lodge No. 574, 32° AASR (NJ) in Aurora Grata Consistory and Kismet Shrine Temple, all of New York City.

R. Lee Lockwood Active member, Supreme Council, 33° AASR (SJ) and grand orator of same. He is sovereign grand inspector general in Texas. Received 32° in 1922, KCCH in 1933, and 33° in 1941. Has been active member since 1952. He is president of the Waco Mortgage Co. Director of a bank in Dallas, and one in Waco; director of Farm Home Savings and Loan Assn. with offices in Kansas City and Nevada, Mo. Graduate of U. of Texas. Was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Texas in 1938; served as president of the Masonic Home and School. He is past commander of his commandery and past potentate of the Shrine.

John A. Logan (1826-1886) Union Major General in Civil War; U.S. Congressman and Senator from Illinois. b. Feb. 9, 1826 in Jackson Co., Ill. He entered the Mexican War as a private and became a lieutenant in the 1st Illinois Infantry. Graduate of Louisville U. in 1851 and admitted to the bar. He was U.S. congressman from Illinois from 1852-61, resigning his seat to take part in the Civil War. After fighting at Bull Run, he returned home to organize the 31st Illinois Infantry and was its colonel. He rose to brigadier general of volunteers in 1862, and major general in Nov. of the same year. He fought at Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Corinth, Jackson, Tenn., Mississippi campaign, Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hills, and the siege of Vicksburg. He was appointed military governor of Vicksburg. He succeeded General McPherson in command of the Army of Tenn. and joined Sherman at Savannah. After the war he declined appointment as minister of Mexico by President Johnson, q.v. He was elected to the 40th,

41st and 42nd U.S. congresses, but before the 42nd congress could convene, he was elected U.S. senator and served from 1872-77, when he retired to private law practice in Chicago. He was again elected to the senate in 1879. He was one of the founders and was second commander-in-chief of the G.A.R. He succeeded General Stephen A. Hurlbut, q.v., as commander and was re-elected twice. He was regarded as the most outstanding leader the G.A.R. ever had. Memorial Day as a national holiday was the result of his efforts. He was raised in Mitchell Lodge No. 85 of Pinckneyville, Ill. and affiliated with Benton Lodge No. 64, Benton, Ill., Sept. 6, 1851. He was exalted in Washington Chapter No. 43, RA.M., Chicago, Sept. 11, 1885; knighted in Chevalier Bayard Cornmandery No. 52, K.T., Chicago, Dec. 1, 1885; received 32° AASR (NJ) in Oriental Consistory, Chicago in 1880. He was elected to receive the 33°, Sept. 15, 1886, but died on Dec. 26, 1886 before it could be conferred.

Marvel M. Logan (1874-1939) U.S. Senator from Kentucky, 1931-39. b. Jan. 7, 1874 in Brownsville, Ky. Practiced law at Brownsville from 18961912. Was attorney general of Kentucky for term, 1916-20, but resigned in 1917, and was appointed chairman of state tax commission. In 1918 he resumed practice in Louisville. He was judge of the Kentucky court of appeals from 1926-31, and chief justice, 1930-31. He died before his term in the Senate was completed. He was a member of J. M. McCorkle Lodge No. 355 (name later changed to Washington-Meredith Lodge No. 355 on Oct. 21, 1931). He received the degrees, Sept. 17, Oct. 15, and Nov. 18, 1904. He was senior warden of his lodge in 1905, and master in 1906. d. Oct. 3, 1939.

William Logan (1776-1822) U.S. Senator from Kentucky, 1819-20. b. Dec. 8, 1776 within the fort at Harrodsburg, Mercer Co., Ky. Moved with parents to Shelby Co., Ky. about 1798. He studied law, was admitted to the bar. Member of the lower house of Kentucky in 1803-06, and in 1808 served as speaker. He was judge of the court of appeals from 1808-12. He resigned from the senate to become an unsuccessful gubernatorial candidate. Member of Lexington Lodge No. 1 and Lexington Chapter No. 1, both of Lexington, Ky. d. Aug. 8, 1822.

Chester I. Long (1860-1934) U.S. Senator from Kansas, 1903-09; U.S. Congressman, 1895-97, 1899-1903. b. Oct. 12, 1860 near Millerstown, Pa. He moved with parents to Daviess Co., Mo. in 1865, and to Paola, Kans. in 1879. He taught school several years, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1885, practicing in Medicine Lodge, Kans. He was a member of the state senate from 1889-93. He moved to Wichita in 1911 and continued the practice of law. In 1925-26 he was president of the American Bar Association. In 1926 he moved to Washington, D.C. and continued his law practice there. Raised in Paola Lodge No. 37, Paola, Kans., July 29, 1882; affiliated with Orient Lodge No. 51, Topeka in 1889, Delta Lodge No. 77, 1890-1911, and finally, with Albert Pike Lodge No. 303, Topeka, Kans. from 1912. 32° AASR (SJ) at Wichita, April 16, 1901, and became KCCH. d. July 1, 1934.

Crawford W. Long (1815-1878) First physician to use ether as an anesthetic. b. Nov. 1, 1815 in Danielsville, Ga. He was graduated from Franklin Coll. (Pa.), and from the medical dept. of the U. of Pennsylvania in 1839. He practiced in Jefferson and Jackson counties, Ga. until 1851, when he moved to Athens. He claimed that he performed the first surgical operation with the patient in a state of anesthesia from the inhalation of ether, on March 30 1842. His claim is backed up by the history

100 Narciso Lopez of anesthesia by Dr. J. Marion Sims and that "Horace Wells, without any knowledge of Dr. Long's labors, demonstrated in the same philosophic way the great principle of anaesthesia by the use of nitrous-oxide gas in Dec., 1844, thus giving Long the priority over Wells by two years and eight months, and over Morton, who followed Wells in 1846." A postage stamp has been issued in his honor. He became a member of Mount Vernon Lodge No. 22, Athens, Ga. in 1854 and remained on its rolls until his death on June 16, 1878.

George S. Long (1883-1958) U.S. Congressman to 83rd through 85th Congress from 8th La. dist. b. Sept. 11, 1883 in Tunica, La. Was a practicing dentist from 1904-35 in Okla.; 1935-40 in Monroe, La.; and 1940-52 in Pineville, La. Also a lawyer, founder and director of the Dr. George S. Long Corp; advisor to Governor Earl K. Long. Member of Delta Lodge No. 425, Tulsa, Okla. 32° AASR (SJ). d. March 22, 1958.

Manuel H. Longenheim (1832-1892) Minister of the Supreme Court of Argentina and judge of the superior court of the province of Buenos Aires. Mason.

Andrew H. Longino Former Governor of Mississippi. Initiated in Eastern Star Lodge No. 79 in 1887, passed and raised in 1903. Lodge now defunct.

Harry S. Longley (1868-1944) Episcopal Bishop. b. Sept. 10, 1868 in Cohoes, N.Y. Held three degrees from St. Stephen's Coll. (now Bard Coll. of Columbia U.). Ordained deacon in 1894, priest in 1895 of the Protestant Episcopal church. He served pastorates in Troy, N.Y., Milford, Mass., Binghamton, N.Y., and Evanston, Ill. He was consecrated suffragan bishop of Iowa in 1912; elected coadjutor bishop of Iowa in 1916; and bishop of Iowa in 1929. He was presiding bishop of the province of Northwest from 1920-29. He retired on Nov. 1, 1943. Raised in Otseningo Lodge No. 435, Binghamton, N.Y. on Feb. 20, 1902 and was master in 1907. Received 32° AASR (NJ) in Otseningo Consistory of Binghamton on Jan. 28, 1903 and crowned 33° on Sept. 18, 1923. Past grand chaplain of Grand Lodge of New York, 1907-09. d. April 5, 1944.

Theodore C. Lonnquest Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy. b. April 10, 1894 in Lynn, Mass. Graduate of Dartmouth (1917), Mass. Inst. of Tech. (1924), and U.S. Naval Postgraduate School. Commissioned ensign in Navy in 1917, and advanced through grades to rear admiral in 1946. Served at Naval Air Station in WWI. Entered Naval aviation in 1919, and from 1924-32 served on the U.S.S. Langley, U.S.S. Pennsylvania and U.S.S. Saratoga. He was commanding officer of scouting squadron 2 of the Saratoga until 1934. From 1934-37 he was head of the power plant design in the Bureau of Aeronautics at Washington, and commanded the Naval Aviation Station at Norfolk from 1937-41. He then was director of engineering in the Bureau of Aeronautics in charge of design and development of Naval aircraft. In 1946 he was on the staff of the atom bomb tests at Bikini atoll. In 1946 he was in dept. of secretary of Navy in connection with aviation applications of atomic energy, and then served as deputy and chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics, 1949-53. Retired in 1956 and is now industrial consultant. Member of St. Martin's Lodge, Chatham, Mass. from 1919. 32° AASR (SJ) in Pensacola, Florida.

Narciso Lopez (1799-1851) Spanish Major General; Governor of Valencia; Cuban martyr, and designer of the Cuban flag. b. in Caracas, Venezuela. He belonged to a rich family of merchants. Was made colonel in the Spanish army when only 21 years old,

101 Salvador P. Lopez while fighting the Venezuelan uprising for independence. When the Spanish Army evacuated Venezuela, he went first to Cuba, and then to Spain, where he served in the first Carlist War and became known as "the first lancer in the army." In 1836 he was made brigadier general, and in 1839, major general, and appointed governor of Valencia. He went to Cuba in 1841 with General Valdes who had been appointed governor general. When the governors changed he retired to private life, but joined the revolutionary party in 1848. He fled to New York in 1849 when a conspiracy in which he had part was discovered. While preparing for a military expedition in New York against the Cuban government, he designed a flag that included a five-pointed star within a triangle, drawing it from Masonic symbolism. The flag first flew atop the New York Sun building on May 11, 1850 and eight days later it waved over Cuba when Lopez landed at Cardenas (May 19th). He was forced to evacuate after a few hours and returned with his 600 men to New Orleans to prepare a new invasion. He landed with it on Aug. 12, 1851 near Bahia Honda, on the northern coast, west of Havana. He was captured, tried for treason and executed by garroting on Sept. 1, 1851. His flag, however, spurred independence-minded Cubans to fight on despite repeated reversals and the forces of Maximo Gomez, Jose Marti, and Antonio Maceo (all Masons) carried the flag in the final struggle for independence. Wor. Master Narciso Valdes, keeper of the lighthouse at Morro Castle, Havana, hoisted the flag over the fort on May 20, 1902 when the tyrannical rule of Spain was at an end. Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Georgia for 1850 say he was made a Mason in Solomon's Lodge No. 1, Savannah. He is also credited with being a member of Lodge Estrella Solitaria del Oriente del Louisiana.

Salvador P. Lopez Philippine Ambassador to France and minister to Belgium and Netherlands (since 1955). b. May 27, 1911 in Currimao, Ilocos Norte, Philippines. Graduate of U. of Philippines in 1931 and 1933. A journalist he was associate editor of The Philippines Herald, Manila, 1933-41 and editor of Monday Mail, Manila, 1939-41. He was chief of cultural relations of office of foreign relations in 1946. From 1946 he was Philippine minister plenipotentiary and charge d'affairs, foreign affairs officer and political advisor to Philippine mission to United Nations. Raised in Bagumbayan Lodge No. 4, Manila, in 1940.

Vincent Lopez Orchestra leader. b. 1898. Initiated in Cabellerose De America lodge in Buenos Aires, he became a member of St. Cecile Lodge No. 568, New York City on August 21, 1923.

Vincente Lopez y Planes (17841856) Argentine poet and politician who wrote the words of the Argentine National Anthem. b. in Buenos Aires. He studied law and served as a volunteer during the English invasion of 1806-07. He was chosen secretary of the first triumvirate of Chiclanak Sarratea, and Passo. He was successively deputy to the constituent general assembly, secretary of the director, Puyrredon, prefect and founder of the classic department of the state university, and founder of its topographical dept. He was a member of congress in the years 1819 and 1825. In 1827 he was provisional president of the Republic. In 1828 he was minister of the treasury and president of the supreme court of justice until the fall of Roses in 1852. After this he was head of the provisional government and later governor of the province of Buenos Aires. Member of the famed "Lautaro Lodge" of Argentine. d. in Buenos Aires in 1856.

102 William, 6th Marquis of Lothian Bert Lord (1869-1939) U.S. Congressman to '74th and 75th Congresses, 1935-39, from 34th N.Y. dist. b. Dec. 4, 1869 in Broome Co., N.Y. He was first engaged in the lumbering and mercantile business and later in farming. Member of N.Y. assembly in 191522 and 1924-29. Member of state senate from 1929-35. Motor vehicle commissioner of New York, 1921-23. Member of Afton Lodge No. 360, Afton, N.Y. receiving degrees on May 8, May 28, June 26, 1906 and master in 1912. d. May 24, 1939.

John Wesley Lord Methodist Bishop. b. Aug. 23, 1902 in Paterson, N.J. Degrees from Dickinson Coll. (Pa.) in 1927 and Drew Theol. Sem. (N.J.) in 1930. Doctorate from U. of Edinburgh, Scotland in 1931. From 192224 he was a teacher and principal in N.J. schools. He served pastorates in Jersey City, Union, Arlington, and Westfield, all in N.J. He has been resident bishop of the Boston area since 1948. Delegate to general conference of the church from 1944-48. Past grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts (1954-55). He received the 33° AASR (NJ) in Sept. 1957. In 1956 he received the coveted Gourgas Award from the Supreme Council. Member of Bergen Lodge No. 47, Jersey City, N.J. and later of Boston University Lodge, Boston, Mass.

Kenneth P. Lord Brigadier General, U.S. Army. b. Dec. 11, 1888 in Rockland, Maine. Graduate of Tufts Coll. in 1929. Commissioned in 1911, he became brigadier general in 1941, and was retired in 1946. He participated in the punitive expedition in Mexico and in WWI was in the offensives of Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne. In WWI he was commanding general of the Eastern Defense Command. Mason.

Rafael Obregon Loria Masonic author. b. July 9, 1911 in San Jose, Costa Rica. He wrote a history of Freemasonry in Costa Rica in 1950 entitled La Masoneria en Costa Rica. Was grand master of Costa Rica in 1947. He is an instructor in the National University and a knight of the Order of Constructor. Mason.

George B. Loring (1817-1891) U.S. Commissioner of Agriculture, 188185. b. Nov. 8, 1817 in North Andover, Mass. Graduate of Harvard in 1838, and medical degree from same in 1842. Active in practical and scientific agriculture throughout his life. Ile served as postmaster of Salem, Mass., 1853-57, and president of the state senate in 1873-77. Elected to U.S. congress in 1876, he served until 1881. In 1889-90 he was U.S. minister to Portugal. Member of lodge in Salem, Mass. and 32° AASR (NJ). d. Sept. 13, 1891.

James E. Lose Steel executive. b. Jan. 17, 1891 in Osage Co., Kans. Began with U.S. Steel as a draftsman in 1910. He has successively been vice president of Carnegie Steel Co., vice president of Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corp., executive vice president of Carnegie Steel Corp. Since 1953 he has been assistant executive vice president of U.S. Steel. Mason.

J. Carlton Loser U.S. Congress- man to 85th Congress from 5th Tenn. dist. b. Oct. 1, 1892 in Nashville, Tenn. Graduate of Cumberland U. in 1923. Admitted to the bar in 1922, he was assistant city attorney, assistant district attorney, and district attorney (Nashville). Raised in Phoenix Lodge No. 131, Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 17, 1914. Member of Edward G. Corbitt Chapter No. 147, R.A.M.; Nashville Cornmandery No. 1, K.T.; Trinity Consistory No. 2, AASR (SJ); and Al Menah Shrine Temple, all of Nashville.

103 Charles E. Loucks Charles E. Loucks Major General, U.S. Army. b. June 29, 1895 in Mayfield, Calif. Graduate of Leland Stanford U. and Mass. Inst. of Tech. Commissioned lieutenant in U.S. Army in 1917, he advanced through the grades to major general. In 1940-41 he was assistant military attache to Paris and London. From 1942-44 he commanded the Rocky Mountain Arsenal (Denver), and in 1945 was chief chemical officer in army of occupation, Japan. In 1945-48 he was chief of research and development division of the Chemical Corps; chief chemical officer of the European Command, 1948-51; commanding general of Army Chemical Center in 1951, and deputy chief chemical officer, U.S. Army, 1951-55. Since retirement in 1956 he has been technical director of the National Paint, Varnish and Lacquer Assn. Raised in Mountain View Lodge No. 194, Mountain View, Calif. about 1924; 32° AASR (SJ) at Denver, Colo.; past high priest of Harford Chapter No. 43, R.A.M., Aberdeen, Md.; member of El Jebel Shrine Temple, Denver; Edgewood Arsenal Chapter No. 274, National Sojourners (Md.), Ashlar Club No. 169 and Mira Monte Chapter No. 141, O.E.S., Mountain View, Calif.

Henry C. Loudenslager (1852-1911) U.S. Congressman to 53rd through 61st Congresses (1893-1911) from 1st N.J. dist. b. May 22, 1852 in Maurice-town, N.J. Received degrees in Florence Lodge No. 87, Woodbury, N.J. in 1875, remaining in good standing until his death on Aug. 12, 1911.

Harold Louderback (1881-1941) Federal Judge, U.S. District Court, Northern Calif. from 1928. b. Jan. 30, 1881 in San Francisco. Graduate of U. of Nevada and Harvard U. Admitted to the bar in 1908, and practiced at San Francisco. Served as judge of superior, city, and county courts of San Francisco between 1921 and 1928.

Phineas C. Lounsbury (1841-1925) Governor of Connecticut, 1887-89. He was a New York banker and insurance company president as well as a boot and shoe manufacturer. In 1862 he served as a corporal in the Union forces. Member of Jerusalem Lodge No. 49, Ridgefield, Conn.; Eureka Chapter No. 23, and Crusader Cornmandery No. 10, both of Danbury; and Pyramid Shrine Temple of Bridgeport, Conn.

Ralph R. Lounsbury President of Bankers National Life Insurance Co. since 1929, and chairman of board since 1955. b. Feb. 8, 1892 in Aurora, Nebr. Graduate of U. of Michigan in 1916. President of Bankers National Life of Colorado, 1923-29; Bankers National Life of Florida, 1925-29; Atlantic Life, 1937-42. Received degrees in Aurora Lodge No. 68, Aurora, Nebr. when 21, and presently member of Montclair Lodge No. 144, Montclair, N.J. Former member of Scottish Rite at Lincoln, Nebr. and Shrine temples at Lincoln, Denver, and Newark, N.J. as well as Jesters.

Clarence E. Lovejoy Newspaperman and author. b. June 26, 1894 in Waterville, Maine. Graduate of Columbia U. in 1917. Was reporter on papers in Pittsfield, Mass. and Meriden, Conn. from 1910-14. In 1925 he founded the Bronxville (N.Y.) Press. Has been with the New York Times, 1915-17, 1919-20, and since 1934 as boating editor. From 1927-47 he was alumni executive and editor of the Columbia Alumni News of Columbia U., and since 1947 has been director of College Admissions Advisory Service, N.Y. Served as officer in WWI

104 Samuel Low with A.E.F. and continued as a captain with regular army after war until 1925. In WWII he was with Military Intelligence and became a colonel. He was director of public relations for the European Theatre under Eisenhower and McNarey. Author of So You're Going to College, and Lovejoy's Complete Guide to American Colleges and Universities. Affiliated with Gramatan Lodge No. 927, Bronxville, N.Y. on April 17, 1925 from Crescent Lodge of Mass. Dimitted Sept. 20, 1936.

Frank W. Lovejoy (1871-1945) President, general manager and chairman of board of Eastman Kodak Co. b. Dec. 11, 1871 at Concord, N.H. Graduate of Mass. Inst. of Tech. in 1894. A chemist, he became associated with Eastman in 1897, and was president and general manager from 193441, and chairman of board from 1941. Mason. d. Sept. 16, 1945.

Thomas, 1st Lord of Lovel Grand Master, Grand Lodge of England (Moderns), 1732. Afterwards Earl of Leicester.

Mansfield Lovell (1822-1884) Confederate Major General in Civil War. b. Oct. 20, 1822 in Washington, D.C. Was graduated from U.S. Military Academy in 1842. He served in the Mexican War and was an aide to General John A. Quitman, q.v. He was wounded at Monterrey and again at Belen Gate. After serving on the Kansas frontier for two years, he resigned to take a command in Quitman's projected Cuban expedition, and after the failure of the expedition, went to New York City where he was superintendent of street improvement. At the beginning of the Civil War he was commissioned brigadier general in the Confederate service, and in 1861 was made major general. He was in command of New Orleans, and after its capture, joined Beauregard, q.v., in northern Miss. He commanded the Confederate forces in the Battle of Coffeeville, and in command of a corps repelled Sherman's attack at Kenesaw. He retired to a plantation near Savannah, but soon went to New York City where he was engaged as an engineer. Member of Holland Lodge No. 8, N.Y.C. d. June 1, 1884.

Warren C. Lovinger President of Central Missouri State College (Warrensburg) since 1956. b. July 29, 1915 in Big Sandy, Mont. Holds degrees from Montana State U. and Columbia U. Taught school in Montana from 1937-43. He was a history instructor in Montana State U. from 1943-44, and secretary of the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education, 1947-51. From 1951-56 he was president of Northern State Teachers College, Aberdeen, S.D. Member of Corinthian Lodge No. 265, Warrensburg, Mo., 32° AASR at Aberdeen, S.D. and member of Yelduz Shrine Temple, Aberdeen.

Marcus A. Low (1842-1921) Railway president. b. Aug. 1, 1842 in Guilford, Maine. His family moved to Ill. and then Hamilton, Mo. He practiced law from 1867. He was president of St. Joseph and Iowa RR., 1886-87, the Chicago, Kansas & Nebraska R.R., 1887-92, and the Chicago, Rock Island & Texas R.R., 1892-1900. He was general attorney for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific R.R. from 18921912. He was a member of Hamilton Lodge No. 224, Hamilton, Mo. and was exalted in Hamilton Chapter No. 45, R.A.M. (now defunct) in 1868, serving as high priest from 1869-71. Knighted in Liberty Commandery No. 6, K.T., Liberty, Mo. in 1870, he dimitted to Hugh de Payens No. 4, St. Joseph, then to Kadosh No. 21, Cameron, and finally to Godfrey de Bouillon No. 24 at Trenton, Mo. where he remained a member until his death on July 19, 1921.

105 Fronk 0. Lowden a book entitled Poems, in two volumes, in 1800. Its first piece is an ode on the death of Washington, which was recited by John Hodgkinson in the New York Theatre on Jan. 8, 1800. The collection also contains sonnets on many subjects, humorous, patriotic and descriptive. Initiated in Holland Lodge No. 8, New York City in 1788.

Frank 0. Lowden (1861-1943) Governor of Illinois, 1917-21; U.S. Congressman from Ill, to 59th through 61st congresses. b. Jan. 26, 1861 at Sunrise City, Minn. Graduate of Iowa State U. (valedictorian), and Union College of Law, Chicago (valedictorian). Honorary degrees from many universities. He practiced law at Chicago from 1887-1906. In 1920 he received 3111/2 votes as the Republican presidential nominee; declined the nomination for vice president in 1924. Knighted in Dixon Commandery, K.T., Dixon, Ill., Oct. 6, 1917. Received 33° AASR (NJ) at Springfield, Sept. 16, 1919. d. March 20, 1943.

Arnold Hilmar Lowe Member of General Council, Presbyterian Church, U.S.A. b. July 25, 1888 at Zurich, Switzerland. Graduate of Coll. of Wooster, 0., Western Theol. Sem. and Mo. Valley Coll. Came to U.S. in 1905, and was naturalized in 1918. Ordained Presbyterian minister in 1912, and was missionary in West Africa until 1915. Served churches in Wilkinsburg, Pa. and St. Louis. Taught at Mo. Valley Coll: from 191927. Member of board of Christian education of Presbyterian Church, U.S.A., Mason, Knight Templar, and Shriner.

Lloyd Lowndes (1845-1905) Governor of Maryland, 1895-99 and capitalist. b. Feb. 21, 1845 at Clarksburg, W.Va. Graduate of Allegheny Coll. (Pa.). President of 2nd National Bank, Cumberland, Md. and Union Mining Co. Made a Mason "at sight" by Thomas J. Shyrock, grand master of Maryland for many years. d. 1905.

Thomas Lownds (1762-1825) One of the fathers of the Cryptic Rite of Freemasonry (Council). b. July 20, 1762 in New York, he was by occupation a baker and later a grocer. He was made a Freemason in Washington Lodge No. 21 in 1802, and served as master in 1808 and 1814. Exalted in Jerusalem Chapter No. 8, R.A.M. in 1802, he was high priest of Eagle Chapter No. 54, and from 1812-14, was deputy grand high priest of New York. He was deputy grand master of the Grand Encampment, U.S.A. and was present at its formation. He was associated with Governor Dewitt Clinton, q.v. The first record of the conferring of the Royal Master degree was in Columbian Council No. 1 of N.Y.C. by Lownds. It is not known where he received the degree. He received the Scottish Rite degrees from Abraham Jacobs, q.v., in 1806, and in the Cerneau, q.v., controversy, he affiliated with the Cerneau group. He was the first grand master of the grand council. d. Dec. 14, 1825.

Frank J. Lowry Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy. b. Feb. 15, 1888 at Cresco, Iowa. Graduate of U.S. Naval Academy in 1911. Advanced through grades to rear admiral in 1943. Mason.

Robert Lowry (1830-1910) Governor of Mississippi, 1882-90. b. in South -Carolina. Served with the Confederate forces in Civil War as a private in Co. B. of the 6th Miss. regiment. Later promoted to brigadier general, and was at Shiloh and all battles in the campaign of Georgia, being twice wounded. He served in both branches of the state legislature. He was raised in Brandon Lodge No. 29, in 1878. d. 1910.

Sir Denys C. F. Lowson First Baronet of Westlaws. Former Lord Mayor of London. b. Jan. 22, 1906 near Stratford-on-Avon, England. Graduate of Oxford U. (Christ Church) in 1927-1932. Lawyer and investment

106 Erich F. W. Ludendorff banker. Founder of mutual funds group in 1934. Lord Mayor of London in 1950-51. Past grand warden of United Grand Lodge of England.

Ralph F. Lozier (1866-1945) U.S. Congressman to 68th through 73rd Congresses, 1923-35 from 2nd Mo. dist. b. Jan. 28, 1866 in Ray Co., Mo. Admitted to the bar in 1886 and practiced at Carrollton. President of Mo. Bar Assn. in 1912-13. Member of Wakanda Lodge No. 52, George Washington Chapter No. 24, R.A.M., and Navarre Commandery No. 45, K.T., all of Carrollton, Mo. d. May 28, 1945.

Francis R. Lubbock (1815-1905) Governor of Texas, 1861-62. b. in Beaufort, S.C. on Oct. 16, 1815. Moved to New Orleans in 1834, and to Texas in 1836, settling in Houston in 1837, where he built the third house in that city. He was clerk of the house of representatives in 1828 and was appointed state comptroller by Houston, q.v. In 1857 he was lieutenant governor. He refused a renomination as governor in 1863 and joined the staff of Jefferson Davis. He was captured with Davis and confined in Fort Delaware until Dec., 1865, when he resumed business in Houston, moving to Galveston in 1867. He was elected state treasurer of Texas in 1878, 1882-86. Member of Holland Lodge No. 1, Houston. Lubbock, Texas is named for him. d. Dec. 23, 1905.

John P. Lucas (1890-1949) Major General, U.S. Army. b. Jan. 14, 1890 at Kearneysville, W.Va. Graduate of U.S. Military Academy in 1911, advancing through grades to major general in 1944. Commanded 3rd Infantry Div. at Fort Lewis, Wash. in 1941, and later commanding general of 3rd Army Corps. Served with 7th U.S. Army as personal representative of General Eisenhower in Sicilian Campaign and commanded II Corps in Sicily in 1943. He commanded the VI Corps at the Anzio landing in Italiancampaign, and was commander of the 4th Army at Fort Sam Houston until 1945. He was chief military advisor to president of China in 1946-48, and deputy commanding general of 5th Army in 1948. Received degrees in Elk Branch Lodge No. 93, Shenandoah Junction, W.Va., Feb. 20, March 6, March 10, 1919. Knight Templar. d. Dec. 24, 1949.

Robert Lucas (1781-1853) Governor of Ohio in 1832-36 and first Territorial Governor of Iowa in 1838. b. April 1, 1781 in Shepherdstown, Va. His father was a descendant of William Penn. Robert moved to Ohio in 1800, and rose to the rank of major general of militia; he was commissioned captain in the 19th U.S. Infantry in 1812, rising to lieutenant colonel in 1813, but resigned to serve as a brigadier general of Ohio militia in defense of the frontier. He was a member of the Ohio legislature in 1814, and in 1832 presided over the Democratic national convention that nominated Andrew Jackson for a second term. He was initiated in Scioto Lodge No. 6 of Chillicothe, Ohio on Feb. 8 of 1816 or 1817. In 1840 he participated in a movement to form the first Masonic lodge in Iowa (now Des Moines No. 1). Later as a member of what is now Iowa Lodge No. 2 of Muscatine, he spearheaded a movement to form a grand lodge. This objective was reached on Jan. 2, 1844 while he was in Ohio. On his return to Iowa that year, he affiliated with Iowa City Lodge No. 4 at Iowa City. d. Feb. 7, 1853.

Erich F. W. Ludendorff (1865-1937) German General of World War I fame and violent Anti-Mason. At outbreak of WWI in 1914 he was appointed a quartermaster general. He worked closely with Hindenburg, and together they were responsible for the defeat of Russia. He alone was the cause of the collapse of the Serbians and Romanians. His plan of

107 Augustus Ludlow campaign in 1918 on the Western Front almost crushed the Allies. After the German defeat, he fled to Sweden, fearing accusations. He returned to Munich in 1919, and took part in reactionary conspiracies including the Hitler Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. In his last years he was fanatical in his ideas and actions, leading crusades against the Jews, Catholics, Masons, and Protestants. He supported Hitler and then deserted him, and eventually became a pacifist. His wife joined him in active fighting of Freemasonry, and continued it after his death.

Augustus Ludlow Lieutenant, U.S. Navy, who was killed with Capt. James Lawrence in the naval battle between the American frigate Chesapeake and the British ship Shannon on June 1, 1813. It was at this time that Lawrence, q.v., uttered the famous words "Don't give up the ship!" Ludlow was buried with Masonic honors by the Grand Lodge of Delaware, according to the proceedings of 1813.

George C. Ludlow (1830-1900) Governor of New Jersey, 1881-84. b. April 6, 1830 at Milford, N.J. Graduate of Rutgers Coll. in 1850, and admitted to the bar in 1853. Was state senator from 1876-80, and president of senate one year. Became associate justice of supreme court of N.J. Raised in Union Lodge No. 19, New Brunswick, N.J., April 22, 1856.

Ludwig I, II, VII Dukes of Hesse-Darmstadt. All were active Freemasons according to the Bulletin of the International Masonic Congress issued in 1917.

Wilfred W. Lufkin (1879-1934) U.S. Congressman to 65th through 67th Congresses from 6th Mass. dist. b. March 10, 1879 in Essex, Mass. Was newspaper correspondent and private secretary of Congressman Gardner,whose place he took upon the former's resignation, serving from 1917-21. He resigned to become collector of the port of Boston. Member of John T. Heard Lodge, Ipswich, Mass. and 16° AASR (NJ) d. March 28, 1934.

Henry T. Lummus Supreme Judge, Court of Massachusetts since 1932. b. Dec. 28, 1876 at Lynn, Mass. Graduate of Brown U. in 1897, and admitted to the bar the following year. He practiced at Lynn until 1921. He was associate justice of the superior court of Mass. from 1921-32. Member of Golden Fleece Lodge, Lynn, Mass.

Alva M. Lumpkin (1886-1941) U.S. Senator from North Carolina, taking oath of office on July 22, 1941, and dying Aug. 1, 1941. b. Nov. 13, 1886 in Milledgeville, Ga. Graduate of U. of South Carolina in 1908, he practiced in Columbia until 1939, when appointed U.S. judge for Eastern and Western districts of S.C. He also served as associate justice of supreme court of S.C. in 1926 and 1934. Member of Richland Lodge No. 39 and Columbia Consistory No. 2, AASR (SJ) as well as the Shrine.

Vincent Lunardi Early balloonist. The minutes of St. Andrew's Lodge No. 160 of Edinburgh, Scotland on Oct. 14, 1785 state that the lodge was visited by many and "also by the renowned Brother Vincent Lunardi, Esquire, the first aerial navigator that has appeared in this city.”

Lawrence H. Lund (1897-1949) Vice President and Treasurer of Westinghouse Electric Corp. from 1945. b. April 8, 1897 at Brooklyn, N.Y. He was a statistician and auditor from 1914-21 with several firms. Associated with Westinghouse from 1921, first as auditor, and later as assistant treasurer, assistant secretary, credit

108 Edmund C. Lynch manager. Was director of several of Westinghouse's foreign firms. Mason. d. March 14, 1949.

Ernest Lundeen (1878-1940) U.S. Senator from Minnesota, 1937-40; former U.S. Congressman. b. Aug. 4, 1878 at Beresford, S.D. Graduate of Carleton Coll. (Minn.) in 1901. Admitted to the bar in 1906, and began practice in Minneapolis. Member of lower house of Minn. two terms (191014). Served in three U.S. congresses —65th in 1917-19 in which he voted against entering the war, and against conscription, and conducted the first congressional referendum on war. He served again in the 73rd and 74th congresses (1933-37). Member of Minneapolis Lodge No. 19, Minneapolis, Minn. and Zuhrah Shrine Temple of that city. d. Aug. 31, 1940.

Claude Z. Luse (1879-1932) Federal Judge, Western District of Wisconsin from 1921. b. Feb. 23, 1879 at Stoughton, Wis. Graduate of U. of Minnesota in 1901, and U. of Wisconsin in 1903. Practiced in Superior, Wis. from 1904-21. Member of Superior Lodge No. 236, Superior, Wis. at time of death on May 28, 1932.

LeRoy Lutes Lieutenant General, U.S. Army and business executive. b. Oct. 4, 1890 in Cairo, Ill. Graduate of Wentworth Mil. Acad. in 1908. He was commissioned a 2nd lieutenant of Infantry in the U.S. Coast Artillery in 1917, and advanced through grades to lieutenant general in 1942, being retired in 1952. He is presently president of the Pacific Tire & Rubber Co., Oakland, Calif. (since 1952) and vice president of Mansfield Tire & Rubber Co. since 1953. He was director of operations for the Army Service Forces, 1942-45, chief of staff in 1945, and commanding general of same in 1946. In 1949 he was corn-mander of the U.S. Fourth Army. Member of Army-Navy Lodge No. 306, Ft. Monroe, Va. and 32° AASR (SJ).

Martin Luther (1483-1546) Sometimes claimed by overzealous Masonic writers as a Freemason or more specifically a member of the "guild of Steinmetzen in Germany.”

Charles H. Lyman (1875-1945) Major General, U.S. Marine Corps. b. Sept. 22, 1875 in Ravenna, Ohio. Graduate of Army War Coll. and Naval War Coll. Commissioned in Marine Corps in 1899, and advanced through grades to major general in 1935. Served as a volunteer in Spanish-American War with District of Columbia regiment. Was in Boxer uprising in China in 1900; Philippine Insurrection. Later served in Cuba, Alaska, Panama, Santo Domingo, and China. Appointed commanding general of Fleet Marine Force, U.S. Fleet, 1933, later commanding the department of Pacific, U.S. Marine Corps. Retired Oct. 1, 1939. d. July 23, 1945. Mason.

Clyde A. Lynch (1891-1950) President of Lebanon Valley College (Pa.) since 1932. b. Aug. 24, 1891 at Harrisburg, Pa. Graduate of Lebanon Valley Coll. in 1918, 1925, and 1926. Also degrees from Bonebrake Theol. Sem. and U. of Pennsylvania. Ordained United Brethren in Christ minister in 1916, and served churches in Pa. and Ohio until 1930. Member of Ephrata Lodge No. 665, Ephrata, Pa., receiving degrees June 13, Sept. 12, and Nov. 17, 1922. He served as grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Pa., and was supreme chaplain of Supreme Forest, Tall Cedars of Lebanon. d. Aug. 6, 1950.

Edmund C. Lynch Brigadier General, U.S. Army. b. Dec. 15, 1900 in Philadelphia, Pa. Graduate of U.S. Military Academy in 1922 and advanced through grades to brigadier

109 William E. Lynd general in 1944. Entered Army Air Corps and served as an instructor in flying, and in 1945 was chief of staff of Third Air Force. Made a Freemason Aug. 16, 1943 in Prospect Lodge No. 578, Prospect Park, Pa.

William E. Lynd Major General, U.S. Army. b. Sept. 10, 1893 in Santa Fe, Kans. Admitted to Idaho bar in 1920. Served in WWI with 2nd Idaho Inf. in 1915-17, and in 1917-19, with air force and was promoted through grades to brigadier general in 1942, and major general in 1943. After WWI, was in command of various air fields in the U.S. In WWII he was air officer with general headquarters, 194041; commanding general of 2nd Air Support Command, 1942; commanding general of 7th Bomber Command, Hawaii, 1942; on staff of commanderin-chief of U.S. Pacific Fleet, 1943; commanding general of 4th Air Force, San Francisco, 1943-44. Retired in 1947. Member of Kelly Lodge No. 1131, South San Antonio, Texas, 32° AASR and Shriner.

David M. Lyon ( ?-1903) Scottish Masonic writer and grand secretary of the Grand Lodge of Scotland from 1877-1900. Initiated in 1856 in the Lodge Ayr Saint Paul No. 204. His most important works were the History of the Lodge of Edinburgh No. 1 (Mary's Chapel), published in 1873 and History of the Mother Lodge Kilwining, Jan. 30, 1903.

Luciue Lyon (1800-1851) U.S. Senator from Michigan, 1837-39; U.S. Congressman, 1843-45. b. Feb. 26, 1800 in Shelburn, Vt. He settled in Detroit, Mich. in 1822, and was elected a territorial delegate to congress from 1833-35. In the latter year he was a member of the state constitutional convention, and again in 1850. From 1837-39 he was a regent of the U. of Michigan, and finally surveyor general of the Northwest Territory. Member of Washington Lodge No. 3, Burlington, Burlington Chapter No. 3, R.A.M. of Burlington, and the Knight Templar Encampment at Middlebury. d. Sept. 24, 1851.

Thomas J. Mabry Governor of New Mexico, 1946-50. b. Oct. 17, 1884 in Carlisle Co., Ky. Attended U. of Oklahoma and U. of New Mexico (1904-09). Admitted to the bar in 1915, he practiced in Albuquerque until 1936. Was a district judge, 1936-38, and justice of the supreme court of New Mexico, 1939-46, serving as chief justice, 1944-46. He served in the state constitutional convention in 1910, and in state senate from 1912-17, being the youngest member of both. Member of Temple Lodge No. 6, Albuquerque; 32° AASR (SJ) at Santa Fe and Ballut Abyad Shrine Temple, Albuquerque.

Arthur MacArthur ( 1850 -1914) Grand Master, Grand Encampment, K.T., 1913-16. b. July 24, 1850 in Troy, N.Y. He was publisher of the Troy Northern Budget from 1875. Initiated in Mt. Zion Lodge No. 311, Troy, N.Y. on Nov. 22, 1872; exalted in Apollo Chapter No. 48, R.A.M. Feb. 18, 1874, and later served as high priest. He was grand commander of New York in 1888. An active member, 33° AASR, Northern Jurisdiction. d. Dec. 27, 1914.

Arthur MacArthur, Jr. (1845-1912) Lieutenant General, U.S. Army and father of Douglas MacArthur, q.v. b. June 2, 1845 in Springfield, Mass. Educated in public schools of Milwaukee, Wis. and under private tutors. Commissioned 1st lieutenant of the 24th volunteers (Wis.) on Aug. 4, 1862, and rose to lieutenant general in 1906. In the Civil War he received the Congressional Medal of Honor for "seizing colors of regiment at critical moment and planting them on captured works on the crest of Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863." He participated in the battles of Perryville, Stone River, Dandridge, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, New Hope, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Jonesboro, Lovejoy's Station, Atlanta, and Franklin. He was twice wounded. In the Philippine Insurrection he commanded a brigade, a division and a department. He was military governor of the Philippines, 1900-01. Retired in 1909. He petitioned Magnolia Lodge No. 60, Little Rock, Ark. on Sept. 29, 1879, when a captain. He was elected on Oct. 27th and received the first two degrees on Nov. 26, 1879. They were conferred by the grand lodge. He was raised on Dec. 5, 1879 and dimitted Dec. 8, 1896. d. Sept. 5, 1912.

Douglas MacArthur General of Army, U.S. b. Jan. 26, 1880 in Arkansas, the son of Lt. Gen. Arthur MacArthur, Jr., q.v. Graduate of U.S. Military Academy in 1903, and holds honorary degrees from many universities. Commissioned June 11, 1903 in En- gineers, he rose to brigadier general, (1920), major general, (1925), general, (1930) and general of Army (5-star) in 1944. Previous to WWI he served in the Philippines, Japan; aide-de-camp to the President of U.S. (1906-07); instructor in Army service schools; and as a member of the General Staff from 1913-17. In WWI he was chief of staff of 42nd Division; commander of 84th Infantry Brigade; commander of 42nd Division. He fought in many of the largest campaigns and was twice wounded. In 1919 he was superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy, held commands in the Philippines and U.S.,

George D. Macbeth and was chief of staff, U.S. Army, 1930-35. In 1935 he became military advisor to the government of the Philippines and was appointed field marshal of the Philippine Army. He retired from active duty in 1937. He returned to active service as commander of the U.S. armed forces in the Far East in 1941-51 with rank of general and commanded the U.S. Philippine forces during Japanese invasion. Ordered to Australia before the fall of Bataan, he uttered his famous words "I shall return." He was then appointed supreme commander of land, air and sea forces, Allied Forces in Southwest Pacific in March, 1942, and made 5-star general in 1944. In Aug., 1945 he was named Allied supreme commander to accept the surrender of Japan, and was in command of the occupational forces in Japan from 1945-51 when recalled by President Truman. From 1952-55 he was chairman of board of Remington Rand, Ind. and is now chairman of board of Sperry Rand Corp. In 1928 he was president of the American Olympic Committee. He was made a Mason "at sight" by Samuel Hawthorne, grand master of Philippines on Jan. 17, 1936, and affiliated with Manila Lodge No. 1, Manila. He received the 32° AASR (SJ) at Manila the same year; made KCCH in 1937 and honorary 33° on Dec. 8, 1947, at the American Embassy, Tokyo, Japan. He is a life member of the Nile Shrine Temple, Seattle, Wash. MacArthur has praised Freemasonry on many occasions, i.e.: "It embraces the highest moral laws and will bear the test of any system of ethics or philosophy ever promulgated for the uplift of man . . . its requirements are the things that are right, and its restraints are from the things that are wrong . inculcating doctrines of patriotism and brotherly love, enjoying sentiments of exalted benevolence, encouraging all that is good, kind and charitable, reprobating all that iscruel and oppressive, its observance will uplift everyone under its influence . .. to do good to others, to forgive enemies, to love neighbors, to restrain passions, to honor parents, to respect authority, to return good for evil, not to cause anger, not to bear false witness, not to lie, not to steal—these are the essential elements of the moral law.”

George D. Macbeth Vice president and director of Corning (N.Y.) Glass Works from 1936. b. Aug. 11, 1892 in Pittsburgh, Pa. Graduate of Yale in 1913. Began in glass manufacturing business with Macbeth-Evans Glass Co., Charleroi, Pa. in 1913, and was president and general manager, 192636. Director of several corporations. Received degrees in George W. Guthrie Lodge No. 691, Pittsburgh, Pa. in 1917, and served as senior deacon at one time. 32° AASR (NJ) and Syria Shrine Temple, Pittsburgh.

Jacques Etienne MacDonald (17651840) Duke de Tarente. In full, Jacques Etienne Joseph Alexandre. Marshal and Peer of France. Of Scottish descent, he served in the French revolutionary and Napoleonic armies. He was general of brigade in 1795, and of division in 1796. He distinguished himself at Wagram in 1809, and was created marshal of France -and duc de Tarente. He commanded a corps in the Russian campaign and in. the campaign for the defense of France in 1813-14; in the latter year negotiated with allies for the abdication of Napoleon. A member of St. Napoleon Lodge, he was a 33°, and in 1805 was grand administrator of the Grand Lodge Symbolique of France.

Sir John A. Macdonald (1815-1891) Regarded as the organizer of the Dominion of Canada. First Prime Minister of Dominion of Canada in 186773, and again in 1878-91. b. Jan. 11, 1815 in Glasgow, Scotland. With his family, he emigrated to Kingston,

Thomas Macdonough Ont., Canada in 1820, where he was educated in the Royal Grammar School. Called to the bar in 1836, he was appointed Queen's counsel in 1846. He achieved distinction as a lawyer by his defense of Von Schultz who raided Canada in 1836 with a band of marauders. Represented Kingston in house of assembly from 1844-67. Elected to house of commons at the union in 1867, serving until 1878, and again for several terms starting in 1882. He served also as receiver-general, attorney-general several times (in his first term as such he secularized the clergy reserves and abolished seignorial tenure in Lower Canada), postmaster-general, minister of militia, and minister of justice. After 1856 he was the acknowledged leader of the Conservative party, leading the loyal opposition when his party was out of power. He succeeded in uniting Upper and Lower Canada and the Maritime Provinces into the Dominion of Canada. The first meeting took place in 1864 at Charlottetown, P.E. Island, and again in Quebec two months later. He was chairman of the London colonial conference when the British North America act was passed by the Imperial parliament. The Queen made him knight commander of the Order of the Bath, and in 1884 he received the grand cross of the same order. Among the many improvements in the Canadian government credited to him were: the improvement of the criminal laws; the consolidation of the statutes; the extension of municipal system; military organization; establishment of direct steam mail service with Europe; inspection of reformatories, prisons, asylums; reorganization of civil service on permanent basis; construction of Canadian Pacific Railroad; enlargement of canals; a stringent election law; extension of the franchise; ratification of the Washington treaty, and the extension and consolidation of the Dominion. He was initiated in St. John's Lodge No. 758 (English constitution) or No. 5 (Provincial constitution), on March 14, 1844 at Kingston. Initiated with him on that night were Sir Henry Smith, later speaker of the house of commons, and Thomas A. Corbett, sheriff of the Midland district. The lodge at this time met at the Olcott Inn. Macdonald remained a member of this lodge until his death 47 years later. He was made a Royal Arch Mason under the Grand Chapter of Canada, and in 1871 was elected an honorary life member of Lafayette Royal Arch Chapter No. 5, Washington, D.C. In 1886 he was appointed to represent the Grand Lodge of England near the Grand Lodge of Canada. He was also a Knight Templar. d. June 6, 1891.

Thomas Macdonough (1783-1825) Commodore, U.S. Navy and hero of the Battle of Lake Champlain in War of 1812. b. Dec. 23, 1783 in Delaware. Son of a Revolutionary War officer, he went to sea at the age of 17 as a midshipman, taking part in the war with Tripoli. He distinguished himself in action as one of the 70 volunteers accompanying Stephen Decatur, q.v., when they destroyed the captured frigate Philadelphia. For this, he was promoted to lieutenant. He was next assigned to Middletown, Conn. where several boats were under construction for the Navy. For a time he was with commercial vessels, but when the War of 1812 broke out, he returned to active duty and commanded the naval base at Portland, Maine. Ordered to assume command of the fleet on Lake Champlain on Sept. 12, 1812, he was required to build a fleet in the forest to contain the British who were about to invade from Canada. Here he was associated with General Dearborn, q.v. Greatly outgunned and outmanned by the British, he fought an underdog battle that destroyed or captured every vessel of the British

Jean Mace fleet and compelled the enemy land troops (14,000 against our 1500) to withdraw. This was the turning point of the war. He was voted the thanks of Congress and given land grants in New York and Vermont. He then commanded the naval base at Portsmouth, N.H. and was sent to the Mediterranean as commodore of the fleet. He died Nov. 18, 1825 at sea while returning to America. His lodge is not known. It is generally accepted that he was made a Mason in an English lodge on the Island of Malta during his Mediterranean tour. One source states he was a member of a New York Lodge; another, a Delaware Mason. However, he was buried with Masonic honors by St. John's Lodge No. 2, Middletown, Conn. Sixty members turned out for the final tribute. d. Nov. 18, 1825.

Jean Mace (1815-1894) French journalist and Senator for life. Among his works are Theatre du Petit-Chateau; Morale en Action; La France Avant les Francs; and Philosophie de Poche. He was elected senator for life in 1883. Bulletin of International Masonic Congress, 1917, states he was a Freemason.

Antonio Maceo (1848-1896) Cuban patriot and general. He fought with his brother, Jose, in the Ten Years' War (1868-78). They joined the rebellion of 1895 and defeated the Spaniards at Jobito and at Sao del Indio in that year. Mason.

Bernarr MacFadden ( ? -19 5 5 ) Physical culturist. Famous throughout the world as a health-building philanthropist. His odd, and sometimes daring personal exploits, coupled with unusual business ventures, kept him constantly in the national press. Through his Bernarr MacFadden Foundation, which was administered with his own money, he provided welfare and training to children in the U.S. and abroad. Appointed bythe U.S. government to investigate child welfare in foreign countries, he proceeded to establish schools in many of them. He once brought 50 boys from Italy to this country and trained them for six months at his own expense. He was a millionaire at one time, but died in Oct., 1955, with only a small estate. Member of Publicity Lodge No. 1000, New York City, receiving degrees on May 19, June 2, 16, 1924.

David L. MacFarland (1893-1953) President of Kansas State Teachers College (Emporia) from 1945. b. March 13, 1893 in Dundee, Scotland. Graduate of Northwestern U. (1916), Garrett Bible Inst. (1917), and U. of Edinburgh (Scotland) in 1931. Ordained Methodist minister in 1916, and served pastorates in Clifton and Sibley, Ill, until 1922. He taught history in Southwestern Coll. until 1935, and was with Kansas State Teachers Coll. until 1943, in the same capacity. Between 1943-45 he was on leave from the school as chairman of the state board of social welfare. Served in WWI as an infantry lieutenant. Mason. d. Jan. 3, 1953.

Robert S. Macfarlane President of Northern Pacific Railway Co. since 1951. b. Jan. 15, 1899 in Minneapolis, Minn. Graduate cum laude, U. of Washington in 1922. Admitted to bar in 1920, and practiced in Seattle. He served as prosecuting attorney and judge of superior court of King Co., Seattle. Became assistant Western counsel of the Northern Pacific in 1934; Western counsel, 1937; assistant to president, 1940; vice president, 1943; executive vice president, 1947, and president in 1951. He is a director of many corporations from coast to coast including the Northern Pacific, Walla Walla Valley Railroad; C.B. & Q.; Pacific National Bank of Seattle; Western Life Ins. Co.; American Smelting and Refining Co.; First National Bank of St. Paul; Minnesota Mutual Life Ins. Co., and others. Member of Lafayette Lodge No. 241, and 18° AASR (SJ), both in Seattle, Wash.

Donald MacGregor Vice President of Zenith Radio since 1947. b. Aug. 18, 1895 in Des Moines, Iowa. Graduate of Kansas State Coll. in 1919. With Belden Mfg. Co., Chicago, 1919-23; All American Mohawk Corp., 192329; Rauland Corp., radio mfgrs., Chicago since 1929, being vice president and director since 1949. Treasurer, general manager and director of Thordarson Electric Mfg. Co., 1933-37; executive vice president, director of Webster-Chicago Corp., 1939-47; general manager and senior partner of Webster Products, 1943-45. Vice president in charge of production of Zenith since 1947. Served as Infantry lieutenant in WWI. Member of Fair Oaks Lodge No. 1006, Oak Park, Ill., receiving degrees on March 21, April 4, and May 2, 1929. Dimitted from Oak Park Chapter No. 244, R.A.M. and Siloam Commandery No. 54, K.T.

Gerardo Machado y Morales (18711939) Fifth president of Cuba, 192533. b. Sept. 29, 1871 at Santa Clara, Cuba. He took part in the revolution against Spain, 1895-98. He was a leader of the Liberal Party and was supported by Zayas y Alfonso. In 1933 he was deposed by popular revolt, and fled to the U.S. A member of Progresso Lodge of Santa Clara, he was a 33° AASR of that country as well as a member of Mahi Shrine Temple, Miami, Fla. d. 1939.

Thomas Machin (1744-1816) Member of Boston Tea Party and Revolutionary officer. b. March 20, 1744 in Staffordshire, England. He was educated as an engineer and employed in the construction of the Duke of Bridgewater's canal between Manchester and Worsley, in England. In 1772 he was sent to New Jersey toexamine a copper mine and remained in this country, settling at Boston. He early embraced the cause of American independence, and was one of the party that threw the tea overboard in Boston harbor. He fought at Bunker Hill and was wounded in the arm. Commissioned a lieutenant in the N.Y. artillery on Jan 18, 1776, he was employed in placing chains across the Hudson River at the Highlands. He was again wounded at Fort Montgomery in Oct., 1777. He served on the expedition led by Col. Goosen Van Schaick which destroyed the settlements of the Onondaga Indians in the spring of 1779, and later accompanied Gen. Clinton's expedition into the Genesee country. He was promoted to captain on Aug. 21, 1780 and employed in the siege works at Yorktown. After the war he established a mill west of Newburg, N.Y. and coined copper pieces for some of the states, prior to the institution of a national coinage. He secured a large tract of land in northern Oneida Co., N.Y., and in 1797 moved there. He was a petitioner for Union Schoharie Lodge, and afterwards for Machin Lodge (both of N.Y.), becoming master of the latter. A Royal Arch Mason, he installed officers in Ames Mark Lodge, Schoharie, N.Y. under authority of Ezra Ames, grand high priest of the grand chapter in 1805. He is also listed as a visitor to American Union Lodge. d. April 3, 1816.

Sir Hugh MacIntosh Governor of Jamaica and British Colonial Secretary, 1951-52. Received his degrees in Four Hills Lodge in Jerusalem. He was elected master of Kingston Lodge No. 1933 (E.C.), Island of Jamaica, and installed, Feb. 4, 1953, the first time in 210 years that a governor of the island was installed master of the lodge.

115 Henry Mackenzie Philadelphia, Pa. Studied in College, City of New York, Academie Julian, Paris, and American Academy in Rome. He was a pupil of Benjamin Constant and Jean Paul Laurens, and worked as an apprentice under Frank Millet. He was a painter of murals and decorations. He decorated the ceiling of the U.S. senate reading room. Other murals are in the Federal Building, Cleveland, Ohio; Civic Opera House, Chicago; Minnesota State Capitol; Baltimore Customs House; New York State Roosevelt Memorial Building. In WWI he was camouflage artist of the 2nd district, U.S.A. Affiliated with Tuscan Lodge No. 115, N.J. on March 18, 1912 from Mistletoe Lodge No. 647, of N.Y. Dimitted June 18, 1917. d. July 26, 1939.

Henry Mackenzie (1745-1831) Scottish novelist known as "The Man of Feeling," and "The Addison of the North." He was an attorney for the crown in the management of exchequer business and comptroller of taxes from 1804-31. He is best known for three novels: The Man of Feeling, a loosely connected series of sketches about a weak sentimental hero, which gained instant success (published anonymously in 1771) ; The Man of the World, a tale of a villain and seducer (1773), and Julia de Roubigne, a novel in the manner of Richardson (1777). Became a member of Canon-gate Kilwinning Lodge, Edinburgh, Scotland on Dec. 2, 1784.

James Cameron Mackenzie Architect. b. April 5, 1887 in Lawrenceville, N.J. Graduate of Columbia U. in 1909, School of Architecture (N.Y.)., 1912. Studied at Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris, and Ecole Industrielle, Switzerland. From 1919-41 he was in practice under his own name. His works include the Naval Air Station, Floyd Bennett Field, N.Y.; Naval Training School, Memphis, Tenn.; U.S. Army Base, San Antonio de los Banos, Cuba; Naval Air Station, Wilmington, N. Car.; and Reader's Digest administrative building. In 1925 he was awarded first prize for best house east of the Mississippi, and in 1927 first prize for the best brick house. Served WWI as captain and major in 307th Field Artillery of 78th Division. Since 1943 has been a colonel of N.Y. State Guard. Member of Holland Lodge No. 8, New York City.

Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie English Masonic author and one of the founders of the Rosicrucian Society in England. He was a member of the staff of the grand secretary of the Grand Lodge of England. He was interested in the revival of many additional degrees in the 1860's and 70's. He was connected with the Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia and is best known as the compiler of The Royal Masonic Cyc/opaedia of History, Rites, Symbolism and Biography published in London in 1877. He often used the pen name, Cryptonymus, in his writings. He was an honorary member of Canongate Kilwinning Lodge No. 2, Scotland.

Albert G. Mackey (1807-1881) Masonic historian and jurist. b. March 12, 1807 in Charleston, S. Car. He was graduated from the Charleston Medical Coll. in 1834 with honors, and practiced as a doctor for 20 years. He gave up his profession to write on Masonic subjects, and during the rest of his life produced some of the most valuable historical and judicial Masonic writings known. Raised in St. Andrews Lodge No. 10 of Charleston in 1841, he affiliated with Solomon's Lodge No. 1, and was elected master in 1842. From 1843-66 he was grand secretary of the Grand Lodge of S. Car. In 1851 he founded Landmark Lodge No. 76, and after moving to Washington, D.C., affiliated with LaFayette Lodge No. 19. He was grand high priest of South Carolina,

1855-67, and general grand high priest of the General Grand Chapter, 185968. He was commander of South Carolina Commandery No. 1 in 1842 and was later made honorary past grand warden of the Grand Encampment of the U.S. Was a 33° AASR (SJ). He published his first Masonic work, A Lexicon of Freemasonary, in 1845. This was followed by The True Mystic Tie; The Ahiman Rezon of South Carolina, 1852; Principles of Masonic Law, 1856; Book of the Chapter, 1858; Text-Book of Masonic Jurisprudence, 1859; History of Freemasonary in South Carolina, 1861; Manual of the Lodge, 1862; Cryptic Masonary, 1867; Symbolism of Freemasonary and Masonic Ritual, 1869; Encyclopedia of Freemasonary, 1874; and Masonic Parliamentary Law, 1875. He was probably most famous for his Encyclopedia of 1874. Previous to its publication there was no authoritative work of equal scope anywhere in the world. In addition to his books he was associated at different times with Masonic journals, including Southern and Western Masonic Miscellany, 1849-53; Masonic Quarterly Review, 1857-58; Mackey's National Freemason, 1871-73. He also served as one of the editors of The Voice of Masonry and was contributing editor to American Freemason and Masonic Trowel. d. June 20, 1881.

James H. MacLafferty (1871-1937) U.S. Congressman to 67th and 68th Congresses from 6th Calif. dist. b. Feb. 27, 1871 in San Diego, Calif. First in lumber business, he represented Butler Paper Co. of Chicago on Pacific Coast several years. He established three wholesale paper houses on the coast. He served as assistant to Herbert Hoover when the latter was secretary of Commerce. Raised in Oakland Lodge No. 188, Oakland, Calif. on June 22, 1901. d. June 9, 1937.

Douglas MacLean Stage and motion picture actor, writer and producer. b. Jan. 10, 1894 in Philadelphia, Pa. Student at Northwestern U. Prep. School, Institute of Tech. (Chicago) and American Academy of Dramatic Arts, N.Y. He started as a leading juvenile with stock companies, 1915, and toured Calif. and N.Y., 1916-17. With Maude Adams in Peter Pan, The Legend of Leonora and Rosalind. On the screen he starred in 231/2 Hours Leave; Mary's Ankle; What's Your Husband Doing?; Let's Be Fashionable; The Jailbird; One a Minute; The Hottentot; Going Up; The Yankee Consul; Never Say Die; Introduce Me; Seven Keys to Baldpate; Let It Rain; Soft Cushions. Now president and executive producer of Douglas MacLean Productions, Los Angeles, and has been a producer exclusively since 1930. Among his productions have been: Six of a Kind; Mama Loves Papa; Laugh and Get Rich; Caught Plastered; Ladies Should Listen; Melody in Spring; Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch; Accent on Youth; Two for Tonight; So Red the Rose; Suspect and New Wine. Member of Henry S. Orme Lodge No. 458, Los Angeles, Calif. since 1920.

Frederick J. Macleod (1870-1935) Justice, Superior Court of Massachu_ setts, 1922-35. b. June 30, 1870 in Dunstaffnage, F.B.I., Canada. Graduate of Dalhousie Coll., Halifax, N.S., 1890; Harvard, 1891, 1892 and 1899. He practiced law at Boston from 18991922. Served in Mass. state senate, 1906-07, and was chairman of the state railroad commission and state public service commission. Raised in Amicable Lodge, Cambridge, Mass. on Nov. 6, 1906. d. Oct. 18, 1935.

Donald B. MacMillan Arctic explorer and last surviving member of the Peary expedition of 1908-09. b. Nov. 10, 1874 in Provincetown, Mass. Graduate of Bowdoin Coll. in 1910

117 James D. MacNair and 1918. From 1898-1908 he was an instructor and principal of several schools. Following the Peary expedition, he was a member of the Cabot Labrador party of 1910; worked among the Esquimaux of Labrador, 1911-12; leader of Crocker land expedition, 1913-17. He taught at Bowdoin Coll., 1932-33. In WWI he was an ensign in the U.S. Navy. In 1920 he explored Hudson's Bay; commanded MacMillan Baffin Land expedition, 1921-22; MacMillan North Greenland expedition 1923-24; MacMillan Polar expedition, 1925. From 1925-38 he was constantly in the Arctic areas with a series of nine more expeditions which he headed. In 1941 he served as an expert geographer in the War Department, Washington, D.C. and in WWII was recalled to active Naval service as a commander, and assigned to the Hydrographic Office, Washington, D.C. In 1942-43 he was a member of the U.S. Secret Defense Board. In 1946 he made a trip to Labrador and in 1947 another expedition to North Greenland. In 1944 he was awarded a special Congressional Medal for his work on the Peary North Pole expedition. A member of Freeport Lodge No. 23, Freeport, Maine, he is also an honorary member of Kane Lodge No. 454, New York City (the explorers' lodge). Member of New Jerusalem Chapter No. 3, R.A.M. Wiscassett, Maine, and knighted in St. Albans Commandery No. 8, K.T., Portland, Maine on Nov. 24, 1926. Member of Aleppo Shrine Temple, Boston, Mass. and National Sojourner.

James D. MacNair (1874-1946) Senior U.S. Navy chaplain. b. May 26, 1874 in Trout River, Quebec, Canada, coming to the U.S. in 1890. Graduate of Boston U. From 1895-98 he taught school, sold life insurance, and was manager of E. P. Charlton Syndicate, Hartford, Conn. He was ordained Methodist Episcopal deacon in 1902, and elder in 1906. In 1909 he was corn-missioned lieutenant (j.g.) in the U.S. Navy as a chaplain, and rose to rear admiral. He served on many battleships, including the Georgia, Virginia, Maryland, and Arizona. In 1917-18 he was with the U.S. Marines in France, and later at Navy yards in Boston, Newport, and Philadelphia. He was Atlantic Fleet chaplain in 1923-25. He won the Navy Cross for extraordinary heroism in actual combat with the enemy in WWI (1919). Mason, Knight Templar, 33° AASR (NJ) Shriner, National Sojourner and Eastern Star. d. May 4, 1946.

Hanford MacNider Lieutenant General, WWII; 6th National Commander of American Legion; U.S. Minister to Canada. b. Oct. 2, 1889 in Mason City, Iowa. Graduate of Harvard, Norwich, and Syracuse universities. He is president and general manager of Northwestern States Portland Cement Co. and a trustee of the Equitable Life Insurance Co. of Iowa. In 1921-22 he was national commander of the American Legion, and from 1925-28, served as assistant secretary of War. From 1930-32 he was U.S. minister to Canada. He first saw service on the Mexican border with the Iowa 2nd Infantry. He rose to lieutenant colonel in WWI, serving overseas with 2nd Infantry. In WWII he rose to lieutenant general, serving with G.H.Q., SWPA; 32nd Division; 1st Cavalry, and commanded the 103rd Infantry Division, 1946-51. Member of Benevolence Lodge No. 145, Mason City, Iowa, on March 6, 1912; Scottish Rite bodies at Clinton, Iowa and El Kahir Shrine Temple at Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He is a member of Benevolence Chapter No. 46, R.A.M. and Antioch Commandery No. 43, K.T. both of Mason City and is past commander of the commandery.

Alexander Macomb (1782-1841) Major General in War of 1812, and General-in-Chief of U.S. Army from

1828. b. April 3, 1782 in Detroit, Mich. Entered the Army in 1799, and at the beginning of the War of 1812 was a lieutenant colonel of engineers and adjutant general of the army. Finding that his position would not bring him into active service, he transferred to the artillery in 1813, and as a colonel of the 2nd Regiment, fought at Niagara and Fort George. Promoted to brigadier general in 1814, he was placed in command of the Northern frontier, bordering Lake Champlain. For his defense of Plattsburg on Sept. 11, 1814, in the face of a greatly superior British force, he was made major general, and received a gold medal from congress. After the war he became general-in-chief of the U.S. Forces (1828). He was a member of Zion Lodge No. 1, Detroit, Mich., receiving degrees on Nov. 4th and 21st, 1816, and elected master on Dec. 1, 1817. His grave in the Congressional Cemetery at Washington, D.C. has several Masonic emblems on the tombstone. d. June 25, 1841.

Robert Macoy (1816-1895) Masonic author and publisher. b. Oct. 4, 1816 in Armagh, Ireland. He came to U.S. when he was four years old, living in New York City. At an early age he apprenticed himself in the printing business and continued in it for nearly 40 years, first, as a printer and book- -seller, and then as a Masonic publisher. He was raised in Lebanon Lodge No. 313 (now 19) of New York City on Feb. 13, 1848, later affiliating with Concord Lodge No. 90, and then Adelphic Lodge No. 348. He was grand recorder of the Grand Commandery, K.T. of New York for 44 years. He received the 33° AASR (NJ) on Dec. 9, 1850. He published A General History, Cyclopedia, and Dictionary of Freemasonry that has passed through many editions. It was founded on A Dictionary of Symbolical Masonry by Dr. George Oliver. He also published several editions of The True Masonic Chart and The True Masonic Guide. At one time he was deputy grand master of the Grand Lodge of New York. d. Jan. 19, 1895.

Elmore I. MacPhie (1888-1955) President of Atlas Plywod Corp. 193555. b. Oct. 21, 1888 in Springfield, Mass. Graduate of Tufts Coll. in 1911. First taught school in Minneapolis, and then became district sales manager of Washburn Crosby Co. of that city, 1912-17. He was president of Otis Allen & Son of Lowell, Mass. 1917-27, and vice president of Atlas Plywood from 1927-35, becoming president and director in the latter year. Also president and director of Marvil Package Co., Robinson Hardware Co., Nansemond Co.; chairman of board of Davidson Plywood & Lumber Co. and director of many other concerns. Initiated in Minneapolis Lodge No. 19, Minneapolis, Minn. on April 21, 1915 and affiliated with Kilwinning Lodge, Lowell, Mass. on Nov. 1, 1918; 32° AASR, Shriner and Knight Templar. d. March 22, 1955.

Clarence E. Macy U.S. Consul General. b. Nov. 9, 1886 at St. Joseph, Mo. He was in railway mail service of the U.S. Post Office Dept. from 1907-10 and was examiner, 1911-14; later with mail and express traffic department of Frisco Lines at St. Louis, and Denver and Rio Grande Western at Denver. In 1921 he was vice consul at Coblenz, Germany; has also served in that capacity at Daker, Monrovia, Port Elizabeth, Tampico and Karachi. In 1947-48 he was consul general at Istanbul, Turkey, retiring in 1948. Raised May 18, 1918 in Parkhill Lodge No. 148; 32° AASR (SJ) in Rocky Mountain Consistory; member of El Jebel Shrine Temple and High Twelve Club, all of Denver, Colo.

W. Kingsland Macy U.S. Congressman, 1946-50 from 1st N.Y. dist. b. Nov. 21, 1889 at New York City. Grad-

119 Louis W. Maddox uate of Harvard in 1912. He was with the Union Pacific Tea Co., N.Y.C. advancing to director and president. From 1922-28 he was a partner of Abbott, Hoppin & Co., brokers. Served one year in the state senate (1946). Raised in Holland Lodge No. 8, NYC on Feb. 27, 1917. Knight Templar, 32° AASR (NJ) and Shriner.

Louis W. Maddox (1891-1956) Brigadier General, U.S. Army. b. April 22, 1891 in Lamar, Mo. Graduate of Infantry School, Coast Artillery School and Army Finance School. Commissioned in 1917, he advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1945. He served as fiscal director of General MacArthur's headquarters. Member of Owensboro Lodge No. 130, Owensboro, Ky. about 1917. d. July 1, 1956.

Eduardo Madero (1838-1894) Argentine patriot who was initiated in Confraternidad Argentine Lodge on June 23, 1865. He was the son of Juan Nepomuceno Madero, who brought the charter of the Grand Lodge of Argentina from Montevideo, Uruguay, in 1858.

Francisco 1. Madero (1873-1913) President of Mexico, 1911-13. A revolutionist, he was a liberal and idealist. He failed in his opposition to the reelection of Diaz, q.v., in 1910. He had demanded effective suffrage. He then plotted against Diaz, but was forced to flee to the U.S. in Nov. of 1910. In May, 1911 he led a military expedition which captured Ciudad Juarez, where the capital was established, and forced the resignation of Diaz. He then became president. After revolts and street fighting in Mexico City in Feb., 1913, Madero was overthrown by Huerta, arrested and shot Feb. 22, 1913, while allegedly attempting to escape. It is more probable that he was murdered, together with Vice President Jose Ma Pino Suarez, q.v. Both were 33° Scottish Rite Masonsand members of Lealtad Lodge No. 15, Mexico City. Madero was acting senior warden at the time of his death.

James Madison (1749-1812) First Episcopal Bishop of Virginia, and President of William and Mary College. b. Aug. 27, 1749 near Port Republic, Augusta Co., Va. He was graduated from William and Mary in 1772, studied law, and was admitted to the bar, but did not care for the profession and entered upon a theological course. He was appointed professor of natural philosophy in 1773 at William and Mary, and in 1775 was granted leave to go to England for his ordination. Made deacon Sept. 29, 1775 by Bishop Terrick of London and priest on Oct. 1, same year. Returning to America, he resumed his professorship, and in 1777 became president of the college. He was president of the first convention of the Episcopal church in Virginia in May, 1785, and was elected bishop in 1790. On Dec. 27, 1777 he was a visitor to Williamsburg Lodge No. 6, Williamsburg, Va. and made an address. The records of the lodge record: "Ordered that the thanks of this lodge be returned our brother, James Madison for his Excellent Discourse on the occasion of this meeting. Ordered that the Secy copy the sermon preached by Brother _Madison in the lodge books." On Dec. 1, 1778 the minutes record that he was requested to preach on St. John the Evangelist Day. He preached a sermon to the same lodge on Dec. 27, 1778, being listed at this time as chaplain of the lodge. d. March 5, 1812.

James Madison (1751-1836) Fourth President of the United States. b. March 16, 1751 in Port Conway, Va. Graduate of Princeton U. in 1772, remaining at the school another year to study Hebrew. He was a member of the Continental Congress from 1780-83, and of the Constitutional Convention of 1787. In 1787-88 he co-

120 Jose Maria Castro Madriz operated with Hamilton and Jay in writing a series of papers, published under the title of The Federalist, which explained the new constitution and advocated its adoption. He was a member of the U.S. house of representatives from 1787-97, and a leader of the Democratic-Republican party in opposition to Hamilton's financial measures. With Jefferson, he drafted the Virginia Resolutions of 1798 which were inspired by resentment at the Federalist alien and sedition laws. He was U.S. secretary of state from 1801-09, and President of the U.S. 1809-17. From 1826-36 he was rector of the U. of Virginia. d. June 28, 1836. His Masonic membership has never been proved and has been a matter of debate for many years. Many researchers, including James M. Clift, former grand secretary of the Grand Lodge of Virginia, think Madison was a member of Hiram Lodge No. 59, Westmoreland Court House, Virginia. This lodge was granted a temporary dispensation Sept. 20, 1799, and a permanent charter Dec. 11, 1799, becoming dormant about 1814. All records were lost or destroyed. In recent years there has come to light a letter dated Feb. 11, 1795, written to Madison by John Francis Mercer, q.v., governor of Maryland. It is in the library of Congress. Mercer stated ,`. . . I have had no opportunity of congratulating you before on your becoming a Free Mason—a very ancient and honorable fraternity. I am sure you are now much wiser and I do not doubt you are much happier, although you were very wise and happy before, at least in my opinion. I hold a lodge on your road, pray let me take you some time by the hand in it, and let Mrs. Mercer welcome the fair prophetess who has converted you to the true faith . . ." R. Baker Harris, librarian of the Supreme Council, S.J. thinks the "fair prophetess" refers to his new wife, Dolly, and that she had encouraged him to become a Mason. If this is true, however, then he could not have been initiated in Hiram Lodge No. 59, as its first dispensation was dated five years later than the above letter. John Dove, early-day grand secretary of the Grand Lodge of Viriginia stated that Madison was one of the original founders of Hiram Lodge No. 59. It is possible, therefore, that he was initiated in some unknown lodge and affiliated with the Hiram lodge as a charter member. On Sept 20, 1817, Madison marched in procession with Widow's Son Lodge No. 60 and Charlottesville Lodge No. 90 to lay the cornerstone of Central College at Charlottesville, Va. On June 24, 1820 Madison and Andrew Jackson partook of a public dinner "with the fraternity of Free Masons" at Louisville, Ky. Dolly Madison treasured a notice of a meeting of Alexandria Lodge No. 39 for many years. It had been sent to George Washington. The notice is now in the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania library. On March 28, 1801 a dispensation was issued for Madison Lodge No. 64, Madison Court House, Va. The best evidence of his membership, however, is in the attacks made on him during the anti-Masonic period when he was taunted for being a Freemason.

Jose Maria Castro Madriz (18181893) Known as the "Founder of the Republic of Costa Rica." b. in 1818 at San Jose, he was president of Costa Rica from 1847-49, and again from 1866-68. He established the independence of Costa Rica in 1848 from the federation of Central American states. He was president of the congress and of the supreme court, and a rector of the University of Santo Tomas. He is also the father of the liberal laws of that country, and devoted his talent and energies to Costa Rica until the last day of his life. He was master of Caridad Lodge No. 26, and a member of the Supreme Council, Scottish Rite.

121 Carlton C. Magee Carlton C. Magee (1873-1946) Inventor of the parking meter and leader in exposure of Teapot Dome scandals. b. Jan. 5, 1873 in Fayette, Iowa. Graduate of Iowa State Teachers Coll. (Cedar Falls), and Upper Iowa U. (Fayette). He was superintendent of schools at Carroll, Iowa from 18961901, and after being admitted to the Okla. bar in 1903, practiced at Tulsa until 1920. He then became editor of the Albuquerque (N.M.) Journal until 1922, followed by editorship of Magee's Independent, 1922-23; New Mexico State Tribune, 1923-27 and Oklahoma News, 1927-33. He was president of the Magee-Hale Parking Meter Co. at Oklahoma City from 1945. Received the degrees in Signet Lodge No. 264, Carroll, Iowa on Jan. 24, Feb. 11 and Feb. 14, 1900, affiliating with Tulsa Lodge No. 65 (now 71) on April 18, 1906; was suspended NPD Dec. 31, 1936. Received 32° AASR (SJ) at McAlester, Okla. on Oct. 17, 1907. d. Jan. 31, 1946.

Clare Magee U.S. Congressman, 1949-53 from 1st Mo. dist. b. March 31, 1899 near Livonia, Mo. In 1920-21 he homesteaded in the Big Horn Basin, Wyo.; later worked for U.S. Reclamation Service at Denver, and since 1932 has been owner and operator of a farm near his birthplace in Mo. He was admitted to the Mo. bar in 1922, and since that time has practiced at Unionville, Mo. He served in both world wars—as a seaman in WWI and as a private in the Field Artillery in WWII, later transferring to the Air Corps as a captain. Member of Unionville Lodge No. 210, Unionville, Mo. 32° AASR (SJ) at St. Louis, and member of Moila Shrine Temple, St. Joseph, Mo.

John B. Magee (1887-1943) President of Cornell College (Mt. Vernon, Ia.) from 1939. b. July 19, 1887 in Albion, Iowa. Graduate of Upper Iowa U. and Boston U. Ordained to Methodist Episcopal ministry in 1910, heserved churches in Providence, RI., St. Albans, Vt., El Reno, Okla., Wichita, Kans., Kansas City, Mo., Pittsburgh, Pa., and Seattle, Wash., between 1913 and 1939. In 1914-16 he was vice president of the East Greenwich (RI.) Academy, and in WWI served as an Army chaplain, writing the history of Base Sector 1. Brother of J. Ralph Magee, q.v. Member of Montlake Lodge No. 278, Seattle Chapter No. 3, R.A.M., Adoniram Council No. 17, R. & S.M., Seattle Commandery No. 2, K.T., all of Seattle, Wash. Served as grand chaplain for the Grand Chapter and Grand Council of Washington and grand prelate of Grand Commandery of Washington. d. April 6, 1943.

J. Ralph Magee Methodist Bishop. b. June 3, 1880 in Maquoketa, Iowa, brother of John B. Magee, q.v. Graduate of Iowa State Teachers Coll. (Cedar Falls), Morningside Coll., and Boston U., with many honorary degrees. Ordained in Methodist Episcopal church in 1902, deacon, 1904, elder, 1906, and bishop, 1932. Served churches in Sioux City, and Paulina, Iowa; Falmouth, Taunton, Boston and Brookline, Mass.; and Seattle, Wash. between 1902 and 1929. He was bishop of the St. Paul area, 1932-39; Des Moines area, 1939-44, and Chicago area since 1944. A trustee of many schools including Northwestern, Garrett Biblical, Wesley Memorial, Lake Bluff Orphanage. Director of Crusade for Christ, Methodist Church. He was grand orator of the Grand Lodge of Washington in 1931-32. Initiated in Iroquois Lodge No. 590, Nora Springs, Iowa, in 1902, later becoming member of lodges in Falmouth, Taunton, and Brookline, Mass. Presently member, and past master, of Montlake Lodge No. 278, Seattle, Wash. On dimit from chapter, council and commandery.

Bernard Pierre Magnan (17911865) Marshal of France, and member of French Senate. He served at

122 Countess of Maille Waterloo in 1815; Spain in 1823; and Algeria in 1830. He was general of brigade in 1839 and of division in 1845. He suppressed the uprising in Lyons in 1849, and took an active part in the coup d'etat of Dec. 2, 1851, after which he was created marshal of France. He became senator in 1852, and commanded the Army of Paris in 1859. Emperor Napoleon III nominated him as grand master of the Grand Orient of France, and even though, not a Mason at that time, he was installed in that position on Feb. 8, 1862, serving until May 29, 1865.

stopped from advancement for engaging in a duel with George Tibbetts, treasurer of the lodge.

Frank C. Mahin (1887-1942) Brigadier General, U.S. Army. b. May 27, 1887 in Clinton, Iowa. He began as a stock clerk with W. M. Meyer & Co., New York City, in 1907, and later with John Wanamaker. In 1910 he enlisted in the army, and was commissioned a second lieutenant in 1912, advancing through grades to brigadier general in 1941. Mason. d. July 24, 1942.

John B. Magruder (1810-1871) Confederate Major General and later Major General in Mexican Army. b. Aug. 15, 1810 in Winchester, Va. He was graduated from the U.S. Military Academy in 1830, and served in the West, in Maine, and at Fort McHenry, Baltimore. In the Mexican War he fought at Cerro Gordo and was wounded at Chapultepec. Following the war he served in Md., Calif., and R.I. At the outbreak of the Civil War he resigned his commission as captain and entered the Confederate Army. After winning the Battle of Big Bethel, he was made brigadier general and placed in command of the forces on the peninsula, with headquarters at Yorktown. He was then promoted to major general. On Oct. -16, 1862 he was placed in command of the Department of Texas, and in Jan., 1863 recovered Galveston from the Nationals, capturing the steamer Harriet riet Lane. He remained in Texas until the end of the war and then entered the army of Maximilian, q.v., in Mexico with the rank of major general, serving until the emperor's execution. Returning to the U.S. he toured and lectured on Mexico. He settled in Houston, Tex. in 1869, and lived there until his death on Feb. 19, 1871. He received the Entered Apprentice degree in San Diego Lodge No. 35, San Diego, Calif., but was Edward R. Mahoney (1881-1937) Newspaper editor. b. July 18, 1881 in Milwaukee, Wis. Graduate of Webster Coll. of Law (Chicago) in 1920 and admitted to Ill. bar that year. He began as a reporter on the Milwaukee Sentinel in 1902, and subsequently held editorial positions with Chicago Examiner, 1904-07; Inter-Ocean (Chicago), 1907-10; Chicago Journal, two years; Chicago American, five years. He was later managing editor of Boston American, Boston Daily Advertiser and Boston Sunday Advertiser (until 1929). He was associate editor of New York Journal, 1929-33; editor Wisconsin News, 1933; and then secretary of Milwaukee Publishing Co. and Wisconsin News Co. Received degrees in Theodore Roosevelt Lodge No. 1022, Chicago, on Nov. 3, 10, and Dec. 1, 1920. Suspended June 7, 1935. d. Dec. 1, 1937.

Countess of Maille French countess who was grand mistress of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem—an early emanation of Freemasonry in the 18th century. She was initiated into adoptive Freemasonry in a lodge established in 1780 by the Lodge of Social Contract. At this time the Princess de Lamballe, q.v., was grand mistress of the lodge. The Abbe Bertolio, q.v., was first master of this French adoptive lodge. Other contemporary initiates of the lodge were the

John F. Main (1864-1942) Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Washington. b. Sept. 10, 1864 in Mercer Co., Ill. Graduate of Princeton U. in 1891. He began law practice in Aledo, Ill., in 1897, moving to Seattle, Wash. in 1900. He was professor of law at the U. of Washington, 1904-09, and judge of superior court of King Co., 1909-12. He was a judge of the supreme court of Washington from 1912, and was chief justice from 1923-25. Mason and 32° AASR (SJ). d. Oct. 13, 1942.

Maine de Biran (1766-1824) French philosopher. Real name was Marie Francois Pierre Gonthier de Biran. He was a member of the Council of Five Hundred in 1797, and councilor of state in 1816. He was the author of Influence de l'Habitude; L'Aperception Immediate; Examen des Lecons de Philosophie de Laromiguiere. The bulletin of the International Masonic Congress of 1917 states he was a Freemason.

Lester J. Maitland Brigadier General, state guard, piloted first plane to cross the Pacific from Calif. to Hawaii; held world's speed record for planes. b. Feb. 5, 1899 in Milwaukee, Wis. Enlisted in aviation section of Signal Corps in WWI and was commissioned reserve military aviator in 1918, advancing through grades to brigadier general in 1951. He was aide to General William Mitchell and General Patrick, chief of staff of Air Corps, in 1921-25. He flew the world's first 200 mile-per-hour plane in 1922 at Detroit, and the following year broke the existing world speed record at Dayton. In 1927, in company with Albert F. Hegenberger, q.v., he piloted the first plane to cross the Pacific. In 1940 he was commanding officer of 1st Composite Group at Manila, Philippines, and after fall of Manila movedall Air Corps troops to Bataan. He was then ordered to Australia to organize and train the 386th Bomb Group. In 1943 he was in combat in the European Theatre. From 1948-49 was director of Wisconsin Aeronautics and director of civil defense, Michigan, 1951-56. In 1956 he was ordained an Episcopal minister and since that date has served as rector of St. John's Church, Iron River, Mich. Author of Knights of the Air. Member of Ken-wood Lodge No. 303, Milwaukee, Wis., he received his degrees May 14, 1920, June 30, and July 19, 1921.

Elliott W. Major (1864-1949) Governor of Missouri, 1913-17. b. Oct 20, 1864 in Lincoln Co., Mo. Admitted to bar in 1885, he was a member of the state senate from 1897-99, and attorney general of Mo., 1908-12. In the latter capacity he successfully prosecuted the lumber trust, beef trust, and harvester trust. Member of Frankfort Lodge No. 192, Frankfort, Mo. and 32° AASR (SJ). While governor he was grand orator of the Grand Lodge of Missouri in 1915, and on June 24, 1915 he attended the laying of the cornerstone of the present state capitol building in Jefferson City, delivering an oration on the occasion. He also delivered an oration on May 16, 1914, at the laying of the cornerstone of the administration building of the Masonic Home in St. Louis. He said on this occasion. . . . "Masonry has always been in the front ranks of the march of progress, working hand in hand with the church for the good of humanity." d. July 9, 1949.

J. Earl Major Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals, 7th Circuit. b. Jan 5, 1887 at Donnellson, Ill. Admitted to bar in 1910 and began practice at Hillsboro, Ill. U.S. Congressman to 68th and 70th through 73rd congresses (1923-25 and 1927-35), resigning in 1933 to become judge of U.S. district

124 George A. Malcolm court of Southern Ill. Member of Mt. Moriah Lodge No. 51, Hillsboro, Ill., receiving degrees on Aug. 24, Sept. 14, and Oct. 31, 1911.

Alexander Majors (1814-1900) Partner of the famous "Russell, Majors and Waddell" freight firm that built the Western empire and was a forerunner of the Pony Express. b. Oct. 4, 1814 in Franklin, Ky. He was brought to Missouri Territory at the age of five and his family settled in Lafayette Co. He operated the Majors' Pony Express and entered the Sante Fe trade in 1848. The partnership with Russell and Waddell was formed in 1855, and in two years they had cleared $300,000. When the Pony Express was put in operation their business was ruined, and Majors eventually died penniless in Chicago, Ill. on Jan. 12, 1900. The firm operated from Westport, Mo. (now part of Kansas City) which was the early-day "jumping off" point for the West. The firm was largely made up of Freemasons, and tried to operate on Masonic principles. Its ability to transport supplies to points of settlement in the West and to the military posts guarding them encouraged emigration from the East and led to the rapid building up of the new lands. Majors was a member of Golden Square Lodge No. 107 and Davenport Chapter No. 19, RAM., both of Westport. He was exalted in the chapter on Feb. 10, 1853. He also established the first meat packing plant in Kansas City. A religious man, he required his wagon men to subscribe to the following oath: "While I am in the employ of A. Majors, I agree not to use profane language, not to get drunk, not to gamble, not to treat animals cruelly, and not to do anything else that is incompatible with the conduct of a gentleman. And I agree, if I violate any of these conditions, to accept my discharge without any pay for my service.”

Carl S. Makeig President of Southwestern Electric Service Co., 1945-55, and chairman since 1955. b. July 2, 1888 in West, Texas. He began as a cashier in a Cleburne, Texas dry goods store in 1908, and from 1909 was connected with public utilities, first at Cleburne and then Waco, Amarillo, and Roswell, N. Mex. He was general manager of Gulf Public Service, Co., La., 1929-30; general manager of Southwestern Public Service Co., Amarillo, 1930-34, and president and director of same, 1934-42 and 1944-45. Member of Amarillo Lodge No. 731, Amarillo, Texas, receiving degrees on Jan. 16, Feb. 20, March 15, 1922.

Malcolm III King of Scotland, 105993. With the help of Siward he defeated and killed Macbeth in 1057. He carried on war with England from 1077-80. In laying siege to Alnwick in 1093, he was trapped and killed. He started the transition from the Celtic culture and Columban religious rites to the feudal system and Roman ritual. Tradition has it that he chartered the Lodge of Saint John of Glasgow in the year 1051.

George A. Malcolm Lawyer, judge, author. b. Nov. 5, 1881 in Concord, Mich. Graduate of U. of Michigan in 1904 and 1906. He began as a clerk in - the Philippine service in 1906; became justice of the supreme court of the Philippines from 1917-36; and was on the staff of the U.S. commissioner for Philippines, 1936-42. He was founder and dean of the College of Law, U. of Philippines; founder of Acacia fraternity; and was first Rotary governor of the Philippines. He is the author of Sunset of Colonialism; First Malayan Republic, the Story of the Philippines; The Commonwealth of the Philippines; Legal and Judicial Ethics; Philippine Civics; The Government of the Philippine Islands; and others. Received his degrees in Concord Lodge No. 30, Concord, Mich.

Philip S. Malcolm (1847-1929) Grand Prior, Southern Supreme Council, A.A.S.R. Oct. 30, 1847 in Oswego, N.Y. An electrical engineer, he went to Panama in 1869 with the Panama railroad, and thence to London and Australia, where he engaged in mercantile business. In Oregon in 1882 he was engaged in railroad construction, and after 1884, in mercantile pursuits. In 1900 he was elected recorder of Multnomah Co., and in 1907 appointed collector of customs. He was raised in Sodus Lodge No. 392, Sodus, N.Y., Dec. 1, 1868. He was twice master of lodges in Australia, and once of Portland Lodge No. 55, Portland, Oreg. He served as grand master of the Grand Lodge of Oregon and grand commander of the Grand Commandery, K.T. of Oregon in the same year-1894-95. He was a member of the Scottish Rite in Panama, receiving the 4th through 30th degrees there and subsequent degrees in Portland. Received 33° in 1891, grand cross in 1895, and active inspector general in 1911. d. Feb. 1, 1929.

William Malcolm Brigadier General in the American Revolution. He was a member of St. John's Lodge No. 1, New York City, and at one time deputy grand master of the Grand Lodge of New York.

Garrick Mallery (1784-1866) Jurist, who was largely responsible for developing the penitentiary system of Pennsylvania. b. April 17, 1784 in Middlebury, Conn. He was the father of Garrick Mallery, q.v., the ethnologist. Graduate of Yale in 1808, he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1811. Member of Pa. legislature four terms, starting in 1827. Judge of the 3rd district of Pa. in 1831-36, and subsequently practiced law in Philadelphia. Member of Lodge No. 61 (no name) Wilkes-Barre, Pa.and was master from 1822-24 and 1831. d. July 6, 1866.

Garrick Mallery (1831-1894) Ethnologist and army officer. b. April 23, 1831, in Wilkes-Barre, Pa., the son of Garrick Mallery, q.v., the jurist. Graduate of Yale in 1850, and law degree from U. of Pennsylvania in 1853. He practiced law in Philadelphia until the Civil War when he volunteered as a first lieutenant in the Pa. troops on April 15, 1861. Rose to rank of colonel, was twice severely wounded, and held in Libby prison. After the war he accepted a commission as a captain in the 1st Infantry. He was appointed secretary of state and adjutant-general of Virginia, with the rank of brigadier general. In Aug., 1870, he was the first officer detailed for meteorological service with the Army Signal Corps, and was long in charge of the signal-service bureau. He made investigations into the pictographs and mythologies of the Dakota Indians while in the Army. After retiring in 1879, he became the first ethnologist of the Bureau of Ethnology on its organization at Washington, D.C. in that year. Member of Columbia Lodge No. 91, Philadelphia, and its master in 1855. Also a member of Columbia Chapter No. 91, R.A.M. of Philadelphia. He received his lodge degrees on Sept. 26, Nov. 28 and Dec. 26, 1853. d. 1894.

Earl of Malmsbury (1873-1950) English nobleman who had a world famous collection of paintings. He once served as senior grand warden of the Grand Lodge of England. d. June 12, 1950.

Benoit Malon (1841-1893) French Deputy to National Assembly. Bulletin of International Masonic Congress of 1917 states he was a Freemason.

George W. Malone U.S. Senator from Nevada (1946-58) b. Aug. 7, 1890 in Fredonia, Kansas. Student

126 Jake Alex Manducich at U. of Nevada. Won amateur middleweight boxing championship of Pacific Coast while attending the university. Began as a civil and hydraulic engineer at Reno in 1914. Now member of The Malone Engineers, whose speciality is power, reclamation, flood control, public utilities. Was advisor to secretary of Interior on construction of Boulder Dam. Served in WWI as private through lieutenant with the 40th Infantry Division, A.E.F. Member of Reno Lodge No. 13, Reno Chapter No. 7, R.A.M., Dewitt Clinton Commandery No. 1, K.T., Reno Consistory AASR (SJ) and Kerak Shrine Temple, all of Reno, Nev.

Paul H. Maloney U.S. Congressman, 72nd through 79th Congresses from La. b. Feb. 14, 1876 in New Orleans. He began as a printer's devil and rose from office boy of Heaslip Drayage Co. in 1893 to president in 1918. He was the organizer and president of Linen Supply Co., Maloney Trucking & Storage, Inc., Maloney Motor Car Co., Gallagher Transfer and Storage Co. He was a member of the lower house in La. from 1914-16. Member of Alpha Home Lodge No. 72, New Orleans, receiving degrees on April 21, May 6 and 19, 1906. Received 50-year certificate on June 12, 1906. Was potentate of Jerusalem Shrine Temple in 1932.

Albert Hay Malotte Composer of musical score for The Lord's Prayer; The 23rd Psalm and others. b. May 19, 1895 in Philadelphia, Pa. Studied in the U.S. and Paris. He has been a concert organist since 1915, playing in theaters in San Francisco, Portland, Seattle, Buffalo, Chicago, Los Angeles, and London. From 1928-31 he was chief recording organist for Fox and RKO studies. He has been a composer of film music for Hollywood studios since 1930. He composed two ballets produced at the Hollywood Bowl in 1934, and has also composed lightoperas, oratorios, concert songs, and piano music. Member of William D. Stephens Lodge No. 698, Los Angeles, Calif. 32° AASR (SJ). Member and organist of AL Malaikah Shrine Temple.

George, 4th Duke of Manchester Grand Master of Grand Lodge of England (Moderns), 1777-82.

Charles F. Manderson (1837-1911) U.S. Senator from Nebraska, 1883-95. b. Feb. 9, 1837 in Philadelphia, Pa. Admitted to the bar in 1859, and practiced at Canton, Ohio. He enlisted in the Union Army in 1861 as a private and rose to brigadier general in 1865. He saw service in most of the midwestern battles and was severely wounded at Lovejoy's Station, Ga. He returned to practice in Stark Co., Ohio, but moved to Omaha, Nebr. in 1869. He was a member of the Nebraska constitutional convention and was city attorney of Omaha for six years. His original membership was undoubtedly in Ohio, as he affiliated with Nebraska Lodge No. 1, Omaha and was in good standing at the time of his death on Sept. 28, 1911. Was president of the American Bar Association in 1900.

John A. Mandeville (1882-1941) President of Mandeville Mills, cotton - manufacturers. b. July 7, 1882 in Carrollton, Ga. Graduate of U.S. Naval Academy in 1905. He served on U.S.S. Maryland, U.S.S. Concord, and U.S.S. Illinois between 1905-09. Also president of Carroll Realty & Insurance Co., Carrollton, Ga. Received degrees in' Carroll Lodge No. 69, Carrollton, Ga. in 1909, becoming a charter member of Free State Lodge No. 384 in 1922, and in 1935 again a member of Carroll Lodge No. 69 when Free State Lodge consolidated with it. d. Oct. 5, 1941.

127 Michael A.B. de Mangourit Congressional Medal of Honor and was decorated by eleven nations. Received 32° AASR (NJ) in Chicago in spring of 1954. The class was named the Pershing Class. Pershing read the citation when Manduchich's medal was bestowed.

Michael A.B. de Mangourit ( ?- 1829) Founder of the Rite of Sublimes Elus de la Verite at Rennes, France in 1776. He was a member of the Grand Orient of France. In Paris he founded the society of Dames of Mount Thabor, an organization for both sexes. His Masonic Literary Society of Free Thinkers was active for three years. He delivered lectures which subsequently were published in Cours de Philosophie Maconnique. d. Feb. 17, 1829.

James Mann (1759-1832) Surgeon in American Revolution and War of 1812. b. July 22, 1759 in Wrentham, Mass. Graduate of Harvard in 1776, studied medicine, and served as surgeon for three years in the Revolutionary Army. He settled in New York after the war and practiced there until the beginning of the War of 1812, when he joined the U.S. Army as a hospital surgeon, and was later in charge of the medical department on the northern frontier. He was a member of the Society of the Cincinnati. He was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Member of Montgomery Lodge, Milford, Mass. d. Nov. 7, 1832.

Louis Mann (1865-1931) Actor and playwright. b. April 20, 1865 in New York. Made first stage appearance at age of three in children's production of Snowflake, at Old Stadt Theatre, N.Y.C. Attended U. of California, but did not graduate, joining the McCullough & Barrett Stock Co. He appeared with such greats as Booth, Salvini, Marie Prescott, and Lewis Morrison. He played "Page" in Oscar Wilde's first play—Vera, the Nihilist.

He headed his own company and played Robert Audley in Lady Audley's Secret. He starred as Dick Winters in Incog and was original caricaturist of Svengali in Merry World. Other star roles were in The Laugh- ing Girl; Girl From Paris; The Telephone Girl; Girl in. the Barracks, Julie Bon Bon, (all with Clara Lipman). He starred alone in Elevating a Husband; Man Who Stood Still; The Bubble; and achieved greatest success as Carl Pfiefer in Friendly Enemies (1918). He co-starred with his wife in That French Lady in 1926. He coauthored The Bubble and Thieves Paradise, starring in both. Member of St. Cecile Lodge No. 568, (Dec. 1889) New York City. d. Feb. 15, 1931.

William L. Mann, Jr. Rear Admiral (Medical) U.S. Navy. b. July 26, 1884 in Georgetown, Texas. Graduate of Southwestern U. of Texas, 1903 and 1904; M.D. degree from Harvard in 1908, and graduate of various service medical schools. Commissioned lieutenant in Medical Corps in 1908, and advanced through grades to rear admiral in 1943. Saw service at sea, China, Philippines, Haiti, Marine Barracks, Quantico, Va. Was force surgeon, Fleet Marine Force; commanding officer of Naval Hospital, Corpus Christi, Texas; commanding officer _Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Md., and district medical officer 13th Naval district. Delegate to International Congress of Military Medicine at Bucharest, Rumania in 1937. President of Association of Military Surgeons in 1932, and fellow of American College of Surgeons. Affiliated with San Gabriel No. 89, Georgetown, Texas on March 13, 1931 from St. John Lodge No. 1 of N.H. Shriner.

William M. Mann Zoologist. b. July 1, 1886 in Helena, Mont. Graduate of Stanford U. (1911) and Harvard U. (1915). He has directed ex-

128 John T. Manson peditions to Africa (1926); British Guiana (1931); Argentina (1938); Liberia (1940); East Indies (1937); and made explorations in the West Indies, Asia, Africa, Australia, South Pacific and Netherlands Indies. He has been director of the National Zoological Park, Washington, D.C. since 1925. Now retired. Member of Morning Star Lodge No. 5, Helena, Mont. 32° AASR (SJ) in Washington, D.C. Member of Almas Shrine Temple, Washington, and chairman of acts committee of Almas Shrine Circus.

Daniel Manning (1831-1887) U.S. Secretary of Treasury, 1885-1887. b. May 16, 1831 in Albany, N.Y. When 12 years old he entered the office of the Albany Argus and rose to manager, becoming president of the paper in 1873. Interested in railroads and banking, he was president of the National Commercial Bank at Albany. He resigned as secretary of Treasury to become president of the Bank of New York. Member of Temple Lodge No. 14, Albany, N.Y. d. Dec. 24, 1887.

Thomas Manningham ( ? - 17 94 ) English physician often credited as the author of the famous prayer at initiation and also opening of a lodge which begins "Most Holy and Glorious Lord God, thou Architect of Heaven and Earth, who are the Giver of all good -Gifts and Graces." He was deputy grand master of the Grand Lodge of England under Lord Carysfort (175254), and under the Marquess of Carnorvon (1754-57). It was during his term of office that the rival "Antient" Masonry first came to the fore. He opposed the schismatic efforts of the Antients. Two interesting letters from his pen are preserved in the archives of the Grand Lodge of the Netherlands. Both allude to the additional degrees then recently imported into Holland (1757). In one he says: "My father has been a Mason these 50 years. . . . He knows none of theseceremonies. Grand Master Payne, who succeeded Sir Christopher Wren, is a stranger to them." His father was Sir Richard Manningham, the "man-midwife" and a noted physician, who was a member of Old Horn Lodge, now Royal Somerset and Inverness Lodge No. 4. d. Feb. 3, 1794.

Joseph J. Mansfield (1861-1947) U.S. Congressman to 65th through 78th Congresses (1917-45) from 9th Texas dist. b. Feb. 9, 1861 in Wayne, Va. (now W. Va.). His father was a Confederate officer who was killed in battle in 1861. He settled in Texas in 1881 and was admitted to the bar in 1886. He served as county judge ten terms. Raised July 2, 1883 in Caledonia Lodge No. 68, Columbus, Texas; master of same from 1886-90. Was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Texas in 1912-13. d. July 12, 1947.

Alexander M. Manson Justice Supreme Court of British Columbia. b. Oct. 7, 1883 in St. Louis, Mo. Graduate of U. of Toronto in 1905. Called to the bar in 1908. Member of British Columbia legislature in 1916-35 and speaker in 1921. He was attorney general and minister of Labor 1922-28; King's Counsel, 1922; and justice of supreme court since 1935. He was awarded King George V Silver Jubilee medal in 1935 and King George VI Coronation medal in 1937. Grand master of the Grand Lodge of British Columbia, 1925-26, and past first grand principal of Grand Chapter of British Columbia.

John T. Manson (1861-1944) President of American Bible Society. b. Aug. 30, 1861 in New Haven, Conn. He was director of Niagara Alkali Co., Equitable Life Assurance Society of U.S., and Security Insurance Co.; and was trustee of Princeton Theological Seminary, and Lafayette College. Member of Wooster Lodge No. 79, New Haven, Conn., Royal

Mahlon D. Manson (1820-1895) Union Brigadier General in Civil War and U.S. Congressman from Indiana, 1871-73. b. in Piqua, Ohio, Feb. 20, 1820. He studied pharmacy and settled in Crawfordsville, Ind. He served as a captain in the Mexican War with the 5th Indiana Volunteers; and was in the state legislature in 1851-52. At the beginning of the Civil War he enlisted as a private and immediately was made colonel of the 10th Indiana Regiment, which he commanded at the Battle of Rich Mountain, W. Va., in July, 1861. He led the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division of the Army of the Ohio in action at Mill Springs, Ky. in Jan., 1862, and was appointed brigadier general the following March. He was wounded at Richmond, Ky., in August, 1862, taken prisoner, but exchanged in Dec. He was in command during the Morgan raid in Ind. and Ohio in July, 1863, and in Sept. was placed at the head of the 23rd Corps. He took part in the siege of Knoxville, Tenn. and was wounded at the Battle of Resaca. He was made a Mason in 1844 in Ohio; became a charter member of Montgomery Lodge No. 50, Crawfordsville, Ind., and was master in 1845. In 1859 he was deputy grand master of the Grand Lodge of Indiana. He was also a member of Crawfordsville Chapter No. 40, R.A.M. and past high priest; Knight Templar and 32° AASR (NJ).

Lee Mantle (1851-1934) U.S. Senator from Montana, 1895-99. b. Dec. 13, 1851 in Birmingham, England. He immigrated to the U.S. with his mother, who settled in Salt Lake City in 1864, and moved to Idaho Territory in 1870. He became a telegraph operator for Western Union, and later agent of the Wells-Fargo Express at Butte in 1877. In 1881 he established the Inter Mountain, a daily Republican paper. He was a member of the territorial house in 1882, 1884, and 1888, serving as speaker in the last year. He was mayor of Butte in 1892. He continued as manager and part time editor of the newspaper until 1901, and then engaged in the real estate and mining business. He later moved to Los Angeles, Calif. Member of Silver Bow Lodge No. 48, Butte, Mont. d. Nov. 18, 1934.

James J. Mapes (1806-1866) Inventor, chemist and civil engineer. b. May 29, 1806 in New York City. Received a common school education; developed a liking for chemistry and entered business for himself. In 1832 he invented a new system of sugar refining, and later devised a machine for manufacturing sugar from the cane, which was extensively employed in the Southern states and West Indies. His process for manufacturing sugar from molasses was used in almost every state in the Union. He was appointed professor of chemistry and natural philosophy in the National Academy of Design, N.Y., and later at the American Institute. His analyses of beer and wine for temperance societies and legislative bodies were long regarded as standard. He made numerous improvements in distilling, dyeing, tempering steel, and color-making. He was one of the first civil engineers to open an office for consulting purposes, and was held as an expert in court cases. In the agricultural field he invented the lifting subsoil plow and originated the use of super-phosphates in the U.S., receiving a patent for his process in 1859. Member of Independent Royal Arch Lodge, N.Y.C. and master of same in 1833.

Walter Henry, 11th Earl of Mar and Kellie Seventy first Grand Master Mason of Scotland in 1882-84.

130 Jacques Etienne Marconis land, he studied medicine. He took an active part in the pre-revolutionary agitation, and in 1789 published L'Ami du Peuple, exciting many groups to violence. He was a member of the French National Convention of 1792, and became identified with the radical Jacobins. He was attacked by the Girondists, arrested, and tried, but on April 24, 1793 was acquitted. He joined Danton and Robespierre in overthrowing the power of the Girondists and became the leader of the radical group in the "reign of terror." This so aroused Charlotte Corday that she surprised him in his bath on July 13, 1793, and stabbed him to death. He was made a Mason in England, and a grand lodge certificate of his membership was issued on July 15, 1774 signed by James Heseltine, the grand secretary. He later became a member of the Loge la Bien Aimee at Amsterdam.

Thomas L. Marble (1876-1952) Chief Justice, Supreme Court of New Hampshire, 1943-47. b. Dec. 24, 1876 at Auburn, Maine. Graduate of Bowdoin Coll. and Harvard U., being admitted to the bar in 1904. He practiced at Berlin, N.Y. from 1905-17, and in the latter year was appointed associate justice of the supreme court of N.H., serving until 1947. After 1947 he was law consultant to firm of Morse & Grand, Concord, N.H. Member of Gorham Lodge No. 73, Gorham, N.H., receiving degrees on April 25, May 23, and June 20, 1899. Knighted in North Star Commandery, K.T., Lancaster, N.H. on Jan. 31, 1901. d. Oct. 23, 1952.

Charles H. March (1870-1945) Member of Federal Trade Commission. b. Oct. 20, 1870 in Cedar Mills, Minn. Admitted to the bar in 1893 and began practice at Litchfield, Minn. Was attorney for Great Northern Railroad. Appointed to the Federal Trade Commission in 1929, and served until his death. Member of Golden Fleece Lodge No. 89, Litchfield, Minn. receiving degrees on Mar. 11, 1892, Feb. 23 and Mar. 10, 1893. Knight Templar, 32° AASR and Shriner. d. Aug. 28, 1945.

Gabriel Mathieu Marconis More frequently known as Marconis de Negre from his dark complexion. He was the alleged founder of the Rite of Memphis and its first grand master. This system of "Masonic" degrees is said to have been brought from Egypt in 1814 by Samuel Honis. The first lodge was founded at Montauban, France on April 30, 1815, and was closed March 7, 1816. His son, Jacques Etienne Marconis, q.v., succeeded him and probably did more to spread the rite than the father. They claimed that it was the only true Freemasonry, older than all others, and that it was introduced into Europe by Ormus, a seraphic priest of Alexandria and Egyptian sage, who had been converted by St. Mark, and who had reformed the doctrines of the Egyptians in accordance with the principles of Christianity. Actually, it was based on the Rite of Mizraim which originated in Milan, Italy, about 1805, which in turn was probably taken from the Primitive Rite of Philadelphes of Narbornne, the latter being established in 1779 and united with the Grand Orient of France in 1786. Others prominent in the Rite of Mizraim were Clavel, Lechangeur, and the three Bedarride brothers—Joseph, Michel and Marc. The Bedarrides published the history of the rite in Paris in 1845. It is entitled De L'Order de Mizraim. It had 87 degrees which soon expanded to 90. Many were "lifts" from the AASR.

Jacques Etienne Marconis (17951868) Leader of the Rite of Memphis. b. Jan. 3, 1795 at Montauban, France, the son of Gabriel M. Marconis, q.v., founder and first grand master of the Rite of Memphis. Jacques did more

131 Harry H. Margolin to spread and popularize the order than his father. He is the author of The Sanctuary of Memphis. Jacques visited America in 1856, and on Nov. 9th established a lodge of his system in New York, authorizing work up to and including the 90th degree—a few of the more prominent members being invested with some of the higher grades. The following year a Sovereign Grand Council General, 94°, was founded there with Major David McLellan as its head. Marconis returned to France in 1857, and on April 27, 1861, McLellan resigned his office to accompany his regiment to the front, appointing Harry J. Seymour as his successor. Gradually the rite fell into disrepute due to the bickerings of its officers. Many jurisdictions prohibited it. d. Nov. 21, 1868.

Harry H. Margolin Active member, Supreme Council, 33° AASR, Southern Jurisdiction and Sovereign Grand Inspector General in South Dakota. Received 32° in 1936; KCCH in 1937; and 33° in 1947, becoming an active member in 1955. He is a retail merchant in Yankton, S. Dak.

Maria Theresa (1717-1780) Archduchess of Austria and Queen of Hungary and Bohemia. She was the daughter of Em peror Charles VI. She opposed France, Prussia, and Spain in the War of Austrian Succession, 1740-48. and lost Silesia to Frederick II, q.v., of Prussia, and Austrian lands to Naples. She made an alliance with France which brought on the Seven Years' War in 1756-63, in which Austria was humiliated. In 1736 she married Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, q.v., and with him, was co-regent of Austria from 1740-45. Her husband, who was grand master of Austria, did not concern himself with her wars. She, in turn, showed great hostility to Freemasonry, presumably from religious advisors, and at one time issued an edict against Freemasonry. Their daughter was the ill-fated Marie An-toinette. After the death of Francis I, she and her son Joseph II, q.v., became co-rulers. Joseph II first gave his protection and blessing to Freemasonry, and later rescinded it.

Shelley U. Marietta Major General (Medical) U.S. Army b. Jan. 5, 1881 in Palmyra, Iowa. Received dental degree from Drake U. in 1902 and medical degree from U. of Illinois in 1909. He practiced dentistry in Des Moines from 1902-05, and medicine in same city from 1909-10, entering the Medical Corps, U.S. Army, that year. He advanced to brigadier general in 1939, and major general in 1943, retiring in 1946. He served in many general hospitals throughout the U.S. and was commanding officer of Walter Reed General Hospital, Washington, D.C., from 1939-46. He saw service on the Mexican border and in France in WWI. Member of Aurora Lodge No. 156, Aurora, Colo. Received 32° AASR (SJ) at San Antonio, Texas on Nov. 18, 1926 and KCCH in 1945.

Francis Marion (1732-1795) Revolutionary War General who was known as the "Swamp Fox." He fought in the Cherokee War, and served throughout the Revolution in command of militia troops in South Carolina. He harassed British forces -by raids and escaped into the swamps and forests when hard pressed. He is often referred to as a Freemason, but no documented proof exists.

John H. Marion (1874-1944) Justice, Supreme Court of South Carolina, 1922-26. b. Oct. 23, 1874 in Rich-burg, S. Car. Graduate of South Carolina Coll. and Presbyterian Coll. of S. Car. Admitted to bar in 1893 and began practice at Chester. Member of lower house, 1899-1900, and of state senate, 1918-22. Was legal representative of many Duke interests at Charlotte, N. Car, from 1927. Member of Chester Lodge No. 18, Chester, S. Car.

D. John Markey Soldier and business consultant. b. Oct. 7, 1882 in Frederick, Md. He enlisted in Maryland national guard in 1898, serving as a private in the Spanish-American War; was a major in the Mexican Border Campaign in 1916; a lieutenant colonel of 20th Infantry Division with A.E.F. in WWI. In WWII he was a brigadier general of Maryland national guard; member of general staff, U.S. Army, and in 1941-42, commanded the 115th Infantry of 29th Division. He retired as a major general, national guard in 1947. In WWI he was an aide to General Pershing, q.v. Member of American Battle Monument Commission, 1923-53. Life member of Columbia Lodge No. 58, Frederick, Md.

Sir Albert H. Markham (18411918) English Arctic explorer and Rear Admiral, British Navy. He was the brother of Sir Clements R. Markham, also an explorer. He entered the Navy in 1856. In 1873 he brought back the survivors of the American Polaris Arctic Expendition. He commanded the Alert in the British Arctic Expedition of 1875-76 as a captain. He led a sledge party without dogs and succeeded in reaching the northernmost point yet achieved at that time. It was not exceeded until 1895. He was the author of several important works descriptive of voyages of discovery. He became a member of Phoenix Lodge No. 257, Portsmouth, England on April 28, 1886 and on May 1, 1891 was elected a member of the Inner Circle of the Quatour Coronati Lodge of London.

Edwin Markham ( 1 8 5 2 -19 4 0 ) American poet. b. April 23, 1852 in Oregon City, Oreg. He went to Calif. in 1857 where he worked during his boyhood at farming, blacksmithing, and herding cattle and sheep. He was educated in San Jose Normal Schooland took special studies in two western colleges. Until 1899 he was a principal and superintendent of schools in Calif. His Man With the Hoe, written in 1899, received world-wide recognition and was hailed by many as "the battle-cry of the next 1000 years." Other works were: Lincoln, and Other Poems, 1901; The Shoes of Happiness and other Poems; California, the Wonderful, 1915; Gates of Paradise, 1920; The Ballad of the Gallows Bird, 1926; New Poems—Eighty Songs at Eighty, 1932; The Star of Araby, 1937. Interested in the problems of child labor, he wrote a series of magazine articles which were published in book form as The Children in Bondage. He edited The Book of Poetry (2 volumes covering 1,000 years of poetry). He moved from Calif. to N.Y. in 1899. He became a member of Acacia Lodge No. 92, Coloma, Calif., and later affiliated with El Dorado Lodge No. 26, Placerville, Calif. He was nominated by the Grand Lodge of Oregon for the position of "poet laureate" of American Freemasonry. In 1935 he was awarded the Masters Medal of the Grand Lodge of New York. d. March 7, 1940.

R. H. Markham Journalist. b. Feb. 21, 1887 in Twelve Mile, Kans. Graduate of Washburn Coll. (Topeka), Union Theol. Sem., (N.Y.) and Columbia U. He was a missionary for American Mission Board of Boston to Bulgaria from 1912-18, during which period he saw two wars and a number of revolutions. In 1918 he was Y.M.C.A. secretary in Archangel, Russia, returning to Bulgaria with the Mission Board from 1920-26. From 1926 he was with the Christian Science Monitor as Bulgarian, Balkan, and European correspondent. He covered the Ethopian War, Austrian Socialist uprising, and Hitler's entrance into Vienna. He returned to the U.S. between 1939-42, and in 1946 was expelled from the Russian con-

133 John Markle II trolled countries. During WWII he was on leave as a special deputy of the Office of War Information. Author of many books including Protestants Awake; Bulgaria; Today and Tomorrow; The Wave of the Past; Rumania Under the Soviet Yoke. Mason.

John Markle H Vice President of Bell Telephone Co. of Pensylvania since 1950. b. May 22, 1902 in Hazel-ton, Pa. Graduate of Yale in 1924. He began in that year with the Lehigh Telephone Co. at Hazelton, Pa. and when it merged with Bell in 1930, he became district traffic superintendent at Allentown. His advancement continued until he became vice president in charge of personnel and labor relations in April, 1950. In WWII he planned civilian air defense and aircraft warning service from telephone standpoint in Pa. Member of Azalea Lodge No. 687, Hazelton, Pa. receiving all degrees on Nov. 27, 1923 and master in 1931; junior grand deacon of Grand Lodge of Pa. 1950-52; chairman of committee on library and museum, 1950-53. Exalted in Hazelton Chapter No. 277, R.A.M. in 1927, later affiliating with Perseverance Chapter No. 21, Harrisburg, and since 1949, member of Montgomery Chapter No. 262, Ardmore. Greeted in Harrisburg Council No. 7, R. & SM.; master in 1948 and grand marshal, Grand Council of Pa. in 1948. Knighted in Mount Vernon Commandery No. 73, K.T. Hazelton; commander in 1935; member of finance committee, Grand Cornmandery of Pa., 1947-58. Member of Scottish Rite at Bloomsburg, Pa., master of Rose Croix in 1942, and stage manager of Caldwell Consistory; 33° in 1942. He was sovereign of Orient Conclave No. 2, Red Cross of Constantine, in 1947-48, and grand sovereign of the Grand Imperial Council (United Empire) in 1957-58. Member of Irem Shrine Temple, Royal Order of Scotland, Council of Anointed Kings.

William Marks (1778-1858) U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania, 1825-31. b. Oct. 13, 1778 in Chester Co., Pa., moving in childhood to Allegheny Co. He received limited schooling and learned the tanning trade. He studied law and was admitted to the bar, practicing at Pittsburgh, Pa. He was a member of the state lower house from 1810-19, serving as speaker the last six years. He commanded the Pa. state militia in 1814. From 1820-25 he was a member of the state senate. After his defeat for reelection to the U.S. senate, he resumed law practice in Pittsburgh, moving later to Beaver, Pa. He became a member of Perseverance Lodge No. 21, Harrisburg, Pa. on Dec. 16, 1823. d. April 10, 1858.

Ernest W. Marland (1874-1941) Eighth Governor of Oklahoma, 193539; U.S. Congressman to 73rd Congress, 1933-35 from 8th Okla. dist. b. May 8, 1874 in Pittsburgh, Pa. Graduate of U. of Michigan in 1893. Began law practice in Pittsburgh, and later moved to Okla., where he engaged largely in oil production as president of the Marland Oil Co. and various subsidiary agencies. He erected the famous statue, The Pioneer Woman. Member of Ponca Lodge No. 83, Ponca City, Okla. on July 15, Aug. 19, Sept. 16, 1912. Exalted in Olivet Chapter No. 25, R.A.M., Ponca City on May 24, 1915 and received 32° AASR (SJ) in Oklahoma's Consistory at Guthrie on Oct. 17, 1912. d. Oct. 3, 1941.

James P. Marley Major General, U.S. Army, b. Nov. 20, 1882 near Slay-den, Texas. Graduate of U.S. Military Academy in 1907. Promoted through grades to brigadier general (temp.) in 1940, and major general (temp.) in 1941. Served in U.S. and Philippines, Mexican Border, and both World Wars. Commanded 8th Motorized Division and U.S. Disciplinary Barracks. Mason, Knight Templar and Shriner.

134 Meredith Miles Marmaduke John Sappington Marmaduke (1833-1887) Governor of Missouri, 1884-87, dying in office; Confederate Major General of Civil War. b. March 14, 1833 near Arrow Rock, Mo. Attended Yale and Harvard and was graduated from U.S. Military Academy in 1857. His mother was Lavinia Sappington, daughter of the early pioneer physician, John Sappington, and his father was M. M. Marmaduke, q.v., also a governor of Mo. He served two years in Utah (1858-59) with an expedition sent to quell the Mormon revolt. While there, he joined Rocky Mountain Lodge No. 205, Camp Floyd, Utah Territory, chartered by the Grand Lodge of Missouri as a traveling lodge. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he resigned his commission and joined the Confederate forces, much against the wishes of his father who was a staunch Unionist. He was commissioned lieutenant colonel and given command of the 3rd Infantry. He fought at Shiloh where he was wounded on the second day. He was promoted to brigadier general and transferred to the trans-Mississippi department and commanded in Ark. and Mo., making frequent raids, once with 4,000 men. For his services he was made major general. On a raid with General Price, his forces were surrounded and he was compelled to surrender near Fort Scott on Oct. 24, 1864. He was held prisoner at Fort Warren until Aug., 1865. After a trip abroad to regain his health, he returned to St. Louis, Mo., where he established the Evening Journal and the Illustrated Journal of Agriculture. He later became secretary of the state board of agriculture, and in 1875 was appointed railroad commissioner. He affiliated with Anchor Lodge U.D. of St. Louis (now 443) on May 8, 1872, and withdrew on Aug. 25, 1875. d. Dec. 28, 1887.

Aug. 28, 1791 in Westmoreland Co., Va. Served as colonel in War of 1812, and at close of war was appointed U.S. marshal for Eastern Va. He moved to Mo. in 1824 for his health, and was engaged in the Santa Fe trade for six years at Franklin, Howard Co., then settled near Arrow Rock where he became a successful farmer. He was the originator and president of the first state fair, and as county surveyor of Saline Co., he surveyed the present city of Marshall, Mo. He was elected lieutenant governor in 1840, and became acting governor on the death of Gov. Thomas Reynolds in 1844. He was a staunch Unionist in the Civil War, although his sons joined the Confederate forces. He married Lavinia, second child of Dr. John Sappington, Mo. pioneer physician who made quinine pills famous in that day. His son, John S., q.v., became a major general in the Confederate Army. There is no question that he was a Mason, but his lodge has never been located. At this time the Grand Lodge of Missouri required all non-affiliated members in its jurisdiction to pay dues of $3.00. In this respect, Arrow Rock Lodge No. 55, Arrow Rock, Mo. has several records of him as a Mason. On March 3, 1849 the minutes stated: "Lodge proceeded to ascertain the number of Master Masons under the jurisdiction of this lodge and not members of any. They were found worthy as follows: Wm. Price, Joseph Huston, Bird Lawless, Warren Davis, Thos. McMahan, M. M. Marmaduke. . . . Whereupon all found worthy are ordered to be cited to appear at the next meeting." On April 20, 1850, Anthony O'Sullivan, q.v., offered a resolution: "On motion Brother O'Sullivan the following brethren were elected worthy non-affiliated Master Masons: E. Scott, J. Fisher, M. M. Marmaduke, etc. . . ." On May 5, 1850 is recorded the payment of the following: "Non-affiliated Mason pd—M. M. Marmaduke, $1.00." Sim-

135 Charles G. Marmion ilar records are found in the lodge minutes on March 15, 1851, April 10, 1852, and April 23, 1853. It is presumed that the grand lodge discontinued its attempts to collect from non-affiliates after that time for no more entries appear in the record. The Saline County history states that Marmaduke was buried "according to the rites of Freemasonry, he having been a Mason for a number of years." d. March 26, 1864 and buried in Sappington Cemetery near Arrow Rock.

Charles G. Marmion Episcopal Bishop. b. Aug. 19, 1905 in Houston, Texas. Graduate of U. of Texas and P. E. Theological Seminary in Va. Served churches in Eagle Lake and Columbus, Texas. Washington, D.C., Port Arthur and Dallas, Texas (193354). Since 1954 he has been bishop of the Diocese of Ky. From 1948-54 he was a member of the national council of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Received degrees in Holland Lodge No. 1, Houston, Texas about 1926, and presently a member of Highland Park Lodge No. 1150, Dallas, Texas. Member of DeMolay Legion of Honor.

Jacland Murmur Author and adventurer. b. Feb. 14, 1901 in Sosnowiec, Poland and brought to U.S. in 1903. He left home in 1918, going to San Francisco, and then to sea for two years. He crossed Canada afoot to New York, returned to the West coast, and followed the sea until 1930, when he settled in Larkspur, Calif. He has been an author of short stories and books since 1927. His books include Ecola!; Wind Driven; Three Went Armed; The Golden Me- dallion; The Sea and the Shore; Sea Duty; Andromeda. He has contributed to a number of magazines including Collier's, Saturday Evening Post and Country Gentleman. Member of Marin Lodge No. 191, San Rafael, Calif., being raised on April 2, 1941.

William F. Marquat Major General, U.S. Army. b. March 17, 1894 in St. Louis, Mo. From 1913-17 he was a reporter, followed by service in WWI as a Coast Artillery officer. From 1919-20 he was automobile editor of the Seattle Times. He entered the regular army in 1920 as a captain, advanced through grades to major general, and retired in 1956. He was a staff officer for General MacArthur, q.v., in the Manila-Bataan campaign, and through the East Indies, Papuan, New Guinea, Bismark Archipelego, South Philippines, and Luzon campaigns. From 1942 until end of war he was commander of anti-aircraft. He opened, and was chairman, of the Allied Council for Japan as the U.S. member. From 1945-52 he was chief of economic and scientific section of headquarters, SCAP, Tokyo, and chief of office of civil affairs and military government, 1952-54. A member of Eureka Lodge No. 20, Seattle, Wash., he received the degrees on Sept. 5, 24, and Oct. 17, 1919. Member of Nile Shrine Temple, Seattle.

Robert L. Marquis (1880-1934) President of North Texas State Teachers' College, from 1923. b. Jan. 4, 1880 in Golied, Texas. Graduate of Texas Christian TJ, U. of Chicago, and U. of Texas. He was a science teacher in Christian Coll., John Tarleton Coll. (both of Texas) and professor of biology at Sam Houston State Teachers' Coll., West Texas State Teachers' Coll., and North Texas State Teachers' Coll. from 1918-20. He was president of Sul Rose State Teachers' Coll., Alpine, Texas, 1920-23. Member of Standfield Lodge 217, Denton, Texas, receiving degrees on April 16, May 14 and June 11, 1919. d. April 15, 1934.

Frederick Marryat (1792-1848) (known as Captain Marryat) English naval commander and novelist of sea life. He served in the English Navy until 1830, when he retired.

136 Frank A. Marshall He visited Canada in 1837, and toured the U.S. where he wrote The Phantom Ship. In 1843 he settled on a farm in Langham, Norfolk. His novels are largely based on his own experiences at sea and include Frank Mildmay; Peter Simple; Jacob Faithful; Search of a Father; Snarleyy ow, or the Dog Fiend; Poor Jack; Masterman Ready; The Settlers in Canada; and The Children of the New Forest. Member of the Lodge of Antiquity No. 2, London, England, being initiated in 1826, and serving as junior warden in 1828.

Daniel Marsh Assistant Quartermaster General of the American Revolution. He was a member of St. John's Lodge No. 2 of New York City at the time the Grand Lodge of New Jersey was organized. It is not known with what lodge in New Jersey he subsequently affiliated, but he was a member of the convention at New Brunswick for the formation of a grand lodge.

Daniel L. Marsh Chancellor of Boston University for life from 1951; president of same, 1925-51. b. April 12, 1880 in West Newton, Pa. Graduate of Northwestern U., Boston U., and studied at many other universities here and abroad. Holds doctorates from a score of universities. Served as a Methodist minister in the Pittsburgh conference, 1908-13, and general superintendent of Methodist Church Union of Pittsburgh, 1913-26. Elected president of Boston on Dec. 30, 1925, and chancellor for life in 1951. He is a director of the John Hancock Mutual Life Ins. Co. and author of more than 40 books since 1917. Initiated in Rochester Lodge No. 229, Rochester, Pa. in 1903, and presently member of Boston University Lodge. From 1910-13 he was chaplain of Doric Lodge, Sewickley, Pa. Received 32° AASR (NJ) in Valley of Pittsburgh and 33° in 1927. Member of Aleppo Shrine Temple, Boston, Mass. In 1955 he presented gavels to his own lodge and Brookline Lodge, both of Boston. The gavels were made of marble from the quarries at Jerusalem.

George T. Marsh (1876-1945) Author and lawyer. b. Aug. 9, 1876 in Lansingburgh, N.Y. Graduate of Yale U. in 1898, and studied at Harvard U. Began law practice at Providence, R.I. He was a member of the R.I. legislature, 1910-11. In WWI he was an Infantry and Air Service officer overseas. His books include: Toilers of the Trails; The Whelps of the Wolf; The Valley of Voices; Men Marooned; Flash, the Lead Dog; Under Frozen Stars and others. Mason. d. Aug. 10, 1945.

Joseph W. Marsh (1858-1936) President of Standard Underground Cable Co. from 1909. b. May 21, 1858 in New York City. He began as a clerk in a country store in Ohio, and later taught school. He became associated with the Standard Underground Cable Co. in 1881 as secretary to the founder, rising as assistant general manager, vice president, and general manager and president. Member of Crescent Lodge No. 576, Pittsburgh, receiving degrees on Jan. 7, Feb. 4 and March 4, 1895. d. Jan. 31, 1936.

Frank A. Marshall (1865-1931) Author of the DeMolay ritual. b. in Leavenworth, Kans. Graduate of U. of Kansas in 1887. Was city editor of the Leavenworth (Kans.) Times for four years. In 1891 he was employed by the Kansas City Journal, working as reporter, city editor, and for 24 years as editorial writer, until the paper was discontinued in 1928. His Little Lay Sermons were published on Sunday for many years. Initiated in Westport Lodge No. 340 on April 29, 1913, he was master in 1917. His original York Rite memberships were in Kansas City Chapter, Shekinah Council, and Kansas City

137 George Catlett Marshall Commandery, but when the Westport bodies were organized he affiliated with them, serving as high priest of Westport Chapter No. 134 in 1919; commander of Westport Commandery No. 68, K.T. in 1920; and master of Westport Council No. 38, R. & S.M. in 1923. In the Scottish Rite, he received the K.C.C.H. in 1921. He also headed bodies of the Amaranth, White Shrine, Eastern Star, Red Cross of Constantine, and True Kindred. He was a member of the Grand Council of DeMolay and director of publicity for same. d. March 24, 1931.

George Catlett Marshall General of the Army; U.S. Secretary of State; U.S. Secretary of Defense; Ambassador to China; author of the "Marshall Plan" for European economic recovery. b. Dec. 31, 1880 in Uniontown, Pa. He was a student at Virginia Military Inst., 1897-1901, and holds honorary degrees from many universities and colleges. He was commissioned in 1901 as an Infantry lieutenant, advancing to major general in 1939, and general of the Army (5-star) in 1944. He served in the Philippines in 190102, and 1913-16. In WWI he was with the A.E.F., 1917-19, with 1st Infantry Division, chief of operations 1st Army, chief of staff, 8th Army Corps, participating in Battles of Cantigny, Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne. From 1919-24 he was aide-de-camp to General Pershing, q.v. From 1924-27 he was in China, followed by stateside commands. He was deputy chief of staff, U.S. Army from 1938-39, and chief of staff with rank of general, 1939-45. In 1945 he was appointed special representative of the president, to China, with rank of ambassador. He served as U.S. secretary of State from 1947-49, and U.S. secretary of Defense, 1950-51. He was president of the American Red Cross, 1949-50. He has received many decorations and high honors, including the Nobel peace prize in 1953. Marshallwas made a Mason "at sight" on December 16, 1941, by Ara M. Daniels, grand master of the Grand Lodge of District of Columbia, in the Scottish Rite Cathedral of the District. Receiving the degrees at the same time was Jesse H. Jones, q.v., then secretary of Commerce. Distinguished leaders from many states were present, and Carl H. Claudy, q.v., who had served as senior warden on the occasion, gave the candidates a general briefing on Freemasonry, at the request of Marshall. Marshall's father had been an active Freemason at Uniontown, Pa., being high priest of Union Chapter No. 165, R.A.M. in 1889, and commander of Uniontown Commandery No. 49, K.T. in 1883.

Humphrey Marshall (1812-1872) Confederate Brigadier General of Civil War; U.S. Congressman; minister to China. b. Jan. 13, 1812 in Frankfort, Ky. Graduate of U.S. Military Academy in 1832. He was on the Black Hawk expedition; resigned his commission in 1833 to study law, and entered practice at Frankfort and Louisville. Becoming active in the state militia, he raised a company of volunteers and marched to defend the Texas frontier against the Indians. As a colonel of volunteer cavalry, he served in the War with Mexico and won distinction in the Battle of Buena Vista. He then retired to his farm in Henry Co., Ky. He served in the U.S. congress, 1849-52 and 1855-59. He was U.S. minister to China from 1852-54. He recruited a large force of volunteers for the Confederate army and was made brigadier general. He was in command of the Army of Eastern Kentucky, and in 1862 fought the Battle of Middle Creek with General Garfield. He defeated General Cox at Princeton, Va. and won control of the Lynchburg and Knoxville Railroad. He resigned his commission before the war ended, and served in the Confederate congress. After the

138 John Marshall war he practiced law at Louisville, Ky. Mason, and buried Masonically. d. March 28, 1872.

James W. Marshall (1812-1885) Discoverer of gold in California. b. in Hope, N.J. in 1812. He learned the trade of wagon builder. In 1833 he bought a farm near Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and in 1844 migrated to Calif. and entered the service of John A. Sutter, q.v. After serving in the Bear Flag War, he abandoned the stock farm he had established and entered the lumber business with Sutter in Coloma. On Jan. 18, 1848, while examining a mill-race being constructed, he found a nugget of gold. His discovery brought a great influx of adventurers to Calif. The newcomers seized his property and stock, dividing the land into town lots, and reducing Marshall to poverty. A bronze statue of Marshall was erected on the spot where he made his discovery. Some historians contend that Charles R. Bennett, q.v., first picked up the gold. Marshall was a member of Sonora Chapter No. 2, R.A.M., Sonora, Calif. d. Aug. 8, 1885.

John Marshall (1755-1835) Chief Justice of U.S. Supreme Court, 180135 and known as the "Father of the Judiciary"; U.S. Secretary of State, 1800-01. b. Sept. 24, 1755 at Germantown, Fauquier Co., Va. He was the son of Thomas Marshall, both father and son serving in the Revolution. He served at Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth, Stony Point and Yorktown. His father was a major in the same regiment in which he was a lieutenant. He wintered with Washington at Valley Forge and it might have been here that, by his testimony, he had "become a Freemason while in the Revolutionary Army." He had a brief course in law and began practice in Fauquier Co., and after two years moved to Richmond. From 178295 he was a member of the Virginiaexecutive council, and from 1782-88 of the House of Burgesses, becoming the recognized Federalist leader in Virginia. In 1797-98 he was one of the two American commissioners -to France to obtain redress for hostile French actions. He was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1799-1800; U.S. secretary of state, 1800-01, and chief justice, supreme court from 1801 until death. His most dramatic task on the supreme court bench was to preside at the trial of Aaron Burr, q.v., for treason. His greatest service to the nation was to make the supreme court the place of last resort in determining the constitutionality of both federal and state laws, thus making it truly "supreme." It is not known where he received his degrees, but he was a member of Richmond Lodge No. 13 (now 10) of Richmond, Va., and of Richmond Chapter No. 3, R.A.M., Richmond. He later became a member of Richmond-Randolph Lodge No. 19 of the same city. It appears that he was never master of a lodge, but nevertheless he was deputy grand master, and then from 1793-95 was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Virginia. In 1785 he helped promote a lottery for the Masonic Hall in Richmond, and in the previous year he was a member of a committee of Rich_mond-Randolph Lodge No. 19 (Jan. 2, 1784). On June 24, 1795 as grand master, he was present at a sermon in honor of St. John the Baptist, preached in the state capitol building. In 1822 he was one of a committee appointed to further the object of "general grand lodge." Between 1786 and 1796 he was recorded as being present at 15 sessions of the grand lodge. d. July 6, 1835. On July 9, John Dove, q.v., then master of Richmond Randolph Lodge No. 19 convened the lodge "for the purpose of paying the last sad tribute of respect to our late Worthy Brother, John Marshall, Chief Justice and late Master of the Grand

139 Peter Marshall Lodge of Virginia." The procession was formed and moved to the county court house where they met the body, and thence proceeded to the house of the deceased on the corner of Marshall and Ninth street, where a suitable discourse was delivered by the Right Rev. R. C. Moore, thence to Hollywood burial ground, where the body was interred with the usual Masonic honors. Tradition states that the Liberty Bell in Philadelphia cracked while tolling his death.

Peter Marshall (1902-1949) Presbyterian clergyman who was chaplain of the U.S. Senate, 1947-49, and gained international fame from his posthumous biography, written by his wife in book form, entitled A Man Called Peter. b. May 27, 1902 in Coatbridge, Scotland. Graduate of Columbia Theol. Seminary, Decatur, Ga. in 1931. He came to the U.S. in 1927 and was naturalized in 1938.. He was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in 1931, serving churches in Covington, Ga., 1931-33; Atlanta, Ga., 193337; and New York Ave. Church, Washington, D.C. from 1937. He was chaplain of U.S. Senate from Jan. 4, 1947. His wife's simple and straightforward presentation of the wonderful Christian character of her husband, his trials, hardships, and triumphs, captured the hearts of the readers and shot the book into the bestseller ranks. He received the degrees in Old Monkland St. James Lodge No. 177, Coatbridge, Scotland, and in Feb. 1947 was made an honorary member of Temple Noyes Lodge No. 32, Washington, D.C. d. Jan. 25, 1949.

Robert Marshall (1832-1904) A founder of the Supreme Council, Scottish Rite of Canada in 1874 and member of Provincial Legislature, New Brunswick, 1876-82. b. April 27; 1832 at Pictou, Nova Scotia. He was a general insurance agent. Initiated in Union Lodge No. 780 (E.C.) of Portland on Feb. 16, 1860. Grand master of the Grand Lodge of New Brunswick, 1878-80; grand high priest of the grand chapter; grand master of the Cryptic Rite; provincial prior for New Brunswick of Great Priory of Canada. d. May 26, 1904.

Thomas R. Marshall (1854-1925) Twenty-eighth Vice President of the United States. b. March 14, 1854 in North Manchester, Ind. Graduate of Wabash Coll. in 1873 and 1876. Honorary degrees from several universities including Notre Dame and Villanova. Admitted to the bar in 1875, he practiced at Columbia City, Ind. Marshall served as governor of Indiana from 1909-13. He was elected vice president in 1912 on the ticket with Woodrow Wilson and reelected in 1916, serving from 1913-21. He coined the saying: "What this country needs is a good five-cent cigar!" He was raised in Columbia City Lodge No. 189, Columbia City, Ind. on Sept. 5, 1881; exalted in Columbia Chapter No. 54, R.A.M. on Feb. 11, 1882, serving as high priest of same from 1889-95, and grand high priest of the Grand Chapter of Indiana, R.A.M. 1899-1900. Greeted in Columbia City No. 55, R. & S.M. on Jan. 11, 1884, he was master of same from 1887-93, and grand master of the Grand Council, R. & S.M. of Indiana. 1895-96. In 1887-1900 he was conductor of the Indiana Council of High Priests. He was knighted in Ft. Wayne Commandery No. 4, K.T. on March 8, 1888, becoming a charter member of Cyrene Commandery No. 34, K.T., at Columbia City on April 20, 1892, and commander in 1897-98. In the Scottish Rite (NJ) he received the 32° in Indiana Consistory, Indianapolis, on April 19, 1888, the 33° on Sept. 20, 1898, and an active member of the Northern Supreme Council on Sept. 21, 1911. In May and June of 1922 he was a delegate to the international conference of

140 Jose Julian Marti supreme councils at Lausanne, Switzerland. On Oct. 2, 1912 he addressed the Supreme Council (NJ) at its banquet in Boston; on April 9, 1913 he was present at a dinner given by J. D. Richardson, grand commander Southern Jurisdiction in the New Ebbitt Hotel, Washington, D.C.; on July 25, 1914 he was at a special communication of the Grand Lodge of the District of Columbia to lay the corner stone of the new hall of Myron M. Parker Lodge No. 27; on May 25, 1917 he was at Lake Erie Consistory, Cleveland, Ohio and made a speech; on Sept. 17, 1917 he addressed the Supreme Council (NJ) on its golden jubilee in New York City; on March 28, 1918 he attended the Maundy Thursday ceremonies in New York; and on Oct. 20, 1920 he addressed the Grand Lodge of Kentucky. He died June 1, 1925. In Sept. 1926 the Northern Supreme Council voted $25,000 for a mausoleum, and on Sept. 6, 1927 his remains were placed in that mausoleum at Crown Hill Cemetery, Indianapolis, Ind.

Thurgood Marshall Negro lawyer and Prince Hall Freemason. b. July 2, 1908 in Baltimore, Md. Graduate of Lincoln U. 1930 and 1947. Admitted to bar in 1933 and practiced at Baltimore, 1933-37, and afterwards in New York City. He has been special counsel for the National Association for Advancement of Colored People since 1938, and has won a number of important decisions before the U.S. supreme court. In 1951 he visited Korea to make investigation of court martial cases involving negro soldiers. He has been director and counselor of the Prince Hall Grand Master's Conference and is a 33° AASR, (Prince Hall).

Frederick J. Marston President of American Association of Junior Colleges, 1952-53; director, 1948-51. b. Dec. 6, 1897 in Upper Sandusky, Ohio.

Graduate of Valparaiso U., 1918, 1920; U. of Chicago, 1926; U. of Missouri, 1942 (Ph.D.). Was instructor of public speaking at Valparaiso U. (Ind.) from 1917-20, and has been with Kemper Military School, Boonville, Mo. since 1922, serving as assistant principal until 1927, and dean since that date. Served in WWI as Infantry officer. Was president of North Central Junior College Administrators in 1939, and secretary since 1942; president of Missouri Association of College Registrars in 1939. He was raised in Cooper Lodge No. 36 on Dec. 12, 1923; exalted in Boonville Chapter No. 60, R.A.M. March 21, 1924; knighted in Olivet Commandery No. 35, K.T., April 18, 1924 and has headed each of these Boonville, Mo. bodies. Member of Centralia Council No. 34, R. & S. M., Centralia, Mo.; 32° AASR (SJ) at Kansas City in 1924; Ararat Shrine Temple, Kansas City. In 195253 he was grand commander of the Grand Commandery K.T. of Mo. Past sovereign and present recorder of St. Chrysostom Conclave No. 36, Red Cross of Constantine.

Jose Julian Marti (1853-1895) Cuban liberator known as "Apostle of the Independence." b. Jan. 28, 1853 in Havana. A lawyer by profession, he was consul in New York for Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay. Early in life he became interested in Cuban independence, which resulted in his deportation by Spanish authorities. He returned to his homeland, but was again sent into exile. After some traveling, he settled in New York, where he headed the junta set up to arouse interest in the cause of Cuban freedom. When the revolution broke out in 1895, he returned to Cuba with a small group of companions to command the rebel troops. His small force was ambushed by a Spanish force and the entire contingent met death on May 19, 1895. His sacrifice became

141 Alexander Martin a rallying influence, and today he ranks as one of the Republic's greatest heroes. His birthday is commemorated every year by Cuban Freemasonry. A statue has been erected to his memory in Central Park in the center of Havana, and in 1950 the Masons of Cuba organized a parade of 6,000 in tribute to him as a Mason and national hero. On Oct. 24, 1953 Mahi Shrine Temple of Miami, Fla. held its ceremonial in Havana, naming it the "Jose Marti International Ceremonial.”

Alexander Martin (1740-1807) Governor and U.S. Senator from North Carolina; member of convention that framed the Constitution of the U.S. b. in 1740 in New Jersey. He was graduated from Princeton U. in 1756, studied law and after a brief sojourn in Va., settled in Guilford Co., N.C. in 1772, where he practiced law. Served in the Revolution as a colonel of the 2nd N.C. regiment at Germantown and Brandywine. He was a member of the state senate from 1779-82, 1785-87, and 1788, serving one time as president. He was acting governor of N. Car. in 1781, elected governor the following year, and reelected in 1789. In the interval between governorships he was a member of the convention that drew up the U.S. Constitution, but was not a signer. At the close of his second term as governor, he was elected to the U.S. senate and served from 1793-99. He was raised at a communication of the Grand Lodge of North Carolina held in Fayetteville on Nov. 21, 1788. He was grand pursuivant of that grand lodge in 1805-06 and junior grand warden in 1807. d. Nov. 10, 1807.

Clarence D. Martin Governor of Washington, 1933-37. Member of Temple Lodge No. 42, Cheney, Wash., receiving Master degree in Spokane Lodge No. 34 as a courtesy, on May 6, 1933. 32° AASR (SJ) in May, 1934.

Clarence R. Martin Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Indiana, 1928-29 and 1931. b. Dec. 10, 1866 in Brown Co., Ohio. Graduate of Indiana Law School and U. of Michigan. Admitted to bar in 1907 and began as law clerk for the appellate court of Ind. He was a supreme court justice from 1926-33. Served in WWI as major in 28th Infantry Div. and assistant inspector general, A.E.F., 1919. Received degrees in 1908 in Oakland Lodge No. 140, Oaklandon, Ind. and became charter member and charter senior warden of Mystic Circle Lodge No. 685 in 1912 and master of same in 1913. Was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Indiana in 1942-43. 32° AASR in Indianapolis and 33° in 1937. Knight Templar and Shriner.

Edward Martin Governor of Pennsylvania, 1943-47; U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania since 1947; Major General, U.S. Army. b. Sept. 18, 1879 in Ten Mile, Pa. Graduate of Waynesburg Coll. in 1901. Admitted to bar in 1905, and began practice at Waynesburg, Pa. He was auditor general of Pa. in 1925-29; state treasurer, 1929-33; adjutant general, 1939-43; and governor, 1943-47. He served in the Philippine Campaign of the Spanish-American War, 1898-99; Mexican Border Campaign, 1916; with A.E.F. _in France 1917-19. Made brigadier general in 1922 and major general in 1939 of Pa. national guard. He was inducted into Federal service as commanding general of the 28th Infantry Division in 1921, and relieved of command (over age in grade) in 1942, being placed on the inactive list. He was raised in Waynesburg Lodge No. 153, Waynesburg, Pa., Feb. 10, 1906, serving as master in 1912. Member of Washington Chapter No. 150, RAM.; Pennsylvania Council No. 1 and Jacques de Molay Commandery No. 3, K.T., all of Washington, Pa. 33° AASR (NJ) in Valley of Pittsburgh; Royal Order of Jesters, Shrine, National Sri-

Francis X. Martin (1764-1846) Lawyer, author. b. March 17, 1764 in Marseilles, France. Came to Martinique at age of 18, but not succeeding there, he came to U.S. in 1786, taking up residence at New Bern, N. Car. Although he could speak little English, he took up the printer's trade, and eventually became proprietor of a plant that printed school books, almanacs, and translations from the French. Studied law and was admitted to bar in 1789. Wrote many books on law, compiled statutes. Appointed U.S. judge for Territory of Miss. in 1809, and the following year of the Territory of Orleans. Here he became known as the "father of the jurisprudence of La." When La. was organized as a state in 1813 he became attorney general, and in 1815 was appointed judge of the supreme court, becoming chief justice in 1837 and retiring in 1845. He was a member of St. Johns Lodge No. 3, New Bern, N. Car. serving as secretary in 1790-91. d. Dec. 11, 1846.

Frank E. Martin Vice President and comptroller of Illinois Central Railroad since 1951. b. May 7, 1895 in Newton, Ill. He began as a clerk with the Illinois Central in 1914, and held positions in accounting, valuation, engineering until 1935, when he became assistant to the disbursements auditor; was disbursements auditor, 193841; general auditor, 1941-45, comptroller, 1945-50. Member of Newton Lodge No. 216, Newton, Ill. since 1917; Jackson Park Chapter No. 222, R.A.M., Chicago, Ill.

Frederick L. Martin Major General, U.S. Army. b. Nov. 26, 1882 in Liberty, Ind. Graduate of Purdue U. in 1908. Commissioned in Coast Artillery in 1908; transferred to' Air Service in 1920, advancing to temporary rank of brigadier general in 1937 and temporary major general in 1940. Was wing commander of G.H.Q. Air Force in 1937; commanding general of Hawaiian Air Force, 1940-41; same for 2nd Air Force, 1942. Commanded 2nd Dist. Army Air Forces Central Training Command in 1942-44, retiring in latter year. Received degrees in Peoria Lodge No. 15, Peoria, Ill., being raised March 21, 1904. Suspended in 1908. Was member of Mt. Olivet Commandery No. 38, Paxton, Ill. and Mohammed Shrine Temple, Peoria, Ill.

George B. Martin (1876-1945) U.S. Senator from Kentucky, 1918-19. b. Aug. 18, 1876 in Prestonsburg, Ky. Graduate of Central U., Danville, Ky., in 1895. Began law practice at Catlettsburg, Ky. in 1900. Appointed to senate to succeed 0. M. James, deceased. Member of Hampton Lodge No. 235, Catlettsburg, Ky., receiving degrees on March 24, July 1, and July 26, 1904. d. Nov. 12, 1945.

Harry B. Martin Writer and cartoonist since 1893. b. May 26, 1872 in Salem, Ill. Studied at Vincennes U. (Ind.), 1889-92. From 1893-95 he was with St. Louis and New York newspapers and since 1925 has been senior member of Martin News Service, and president of Martin Publications, Inc. since 1922. He is the creator of "The Weather Bird" in the St. Louis Post Dispatch, the oldest of all daily newspaper features. He has written a number of books on golf including Pic- torial Golf; Golf Made Easy; Fifty Years of American Golf. Member of Vincennes Lodge No. 1, Vincennes, Ind. Former member of St. Louis Chapter No. 8, R.A.M., Ascalon Commandery No. 16, K.T., and Moolah Shrine Temple, all of St. Louis.

John Martin (1730-?) Governor of Georgia, 1782-83. b. about 1730, at the beginning of the Revolutionary War he was sent to the provincial congress in 1775, and was a member of the council of safety. He joined the Con-

143 John A. Martin tinental Army and was commissioned as captain, being promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1781. He was elected to the legislature in 1781, becoming governor the following year. In 1873 he was elected state treasurer, and in January of that year appointed to make a treaty with the Creek Indians. He was a member of Solomon's Lodge No. 1, Savannah, Ga. and grand steward of the Grand Lodge of Georgia in 1786.

John A. Martin (1839-1889) Governor of Kansas, 1884-88; Brigadier General in Civil War. b. March 10, 1839 in Brownsville, Pa. Worked on newspaper in Brownsville, moving to Atchison, Kans. in 1857, where he purchased the Squatter Sovereign and changed its name to Champion. Through its pages, he exercised a great deal of influence on state politics. Martin was a prominent Republican, and was delegate to national convention four times between 1859-80. He was a delegate to convention which framed the Kansas state constitution, and served as state senator. Joined 8th Kansas Infantry (national guard) as a lieutenant colonel and took part in the principal engagements of the Army of the Cumberland, commanding a brigade at Chickamauga. Breveted brigadier general at close of war. Member of Washington Lodge No. 5, Atchison, Kans. Father of Paul A. Martin, q.v. d. Oct. 2, 1889.

John Strickler Martin (1875-1931) Minister of Agriculture, Ontario, 1923-30. b. Oct. 11, 1875 in Salpole Township, Ontario. A poultry raiser, he won the championship of the New York State Fair for 25 successive years and was known as the "Wyandotte King." He was president of the National Wyandotte Club and prominent in the affairs of the American Poultry Association. Had a worldwide reputation as an agriculturist. He was raised in Erie Lodge No. 149, Port Dover, Ont., and was grand master of the Grand Lodge in 1927. Honorary 33° AASR. d. May 13, 1931.

John W. Martin (1884-1958) Governor of Florida, 1925-29. b. June 21, 1884 in Plainfield, Fla. Admitted to the bar in 1914, he practiced at Jacksonville until 1923. He was mayor of Jacksonville, 1917-23. He was trustee of the Florida East Coast Railway from 1942 until his death. Member of Temple Lodge No. 23, Jacksonville, 32° AASR (SJ) and Shriner. d. Feb. 22, 1958.

Joshua L. Martin (1799-1856) Governor of Alabama, 1845-47; U.S. Congressman to 24th and 25th Congresses, 1835-39. b. Dec. 5, 1799 in Blount Co., Term. He taught school and studied law in Maryville, Tenn., moving to Russelville, Ala. in 1819, and later to Athens, where he practiced law. He was a state legislator, 1822-28; state solicitor, 1827-31, and circuit court judge in 1834. Member of Athens Lodge No. 16, Athens, Ala., serving as junior and senior warden. He represented Rising Virtue Lodge No. 4, Tuscaloosa, at grand lodge in 1853. d. Nov. 2, 1856.

Noah Martin (1801-1863) Governor of New Hampshire, 1852-54. b. July 26, 1801 in Epson, N.H. Graduate of Dartmouth Medical School in 1824 and practiced in Strafford Co.; later in Great Falls and then Dover. He was in the N.H. legislature in 1830-32 from Great Falls, and in 1837 from Dover. He was in the state senate in 1835-36. Was president of the Savings Bank for the County of Strafford, 1844-52. Member of Strafford Lodge No. 29, Dover. d. May 28, 1863.

Paul A. Martin Publisher. b. May 18, 1886 in Atchison, Kans., son of John A. Martin, q.v. Learned printing trade and was reporter in Ottawa,

144 William C. Martin Kans. Joined Enquirer-News, Battle Creek, Mich., in 1911, working way up to editor and serving as such until 1928, on which date he became editor and publisher of the Lansing State Journal (Mich.). He is director, secretary, and treasurer of Federated Publications, Inc. Served in Army in WWI. Member cf national committee of American Legion, 1919-23; Michigan commander of same, 1921-22. Member of national council, Boy Scouts of America. Received degrees in A.T. Metcalf Lodge No. 419, Battle Creek, Mich. in 1920. Member of Battle Creek Chapter No. 19, R.A.M.; Zobud Council No. 9, R. & S.M. both of Battle Creek, and Lansing Cornmandery No. 25, K.T. of Lansing, Mich. Member of Scottish Rite at Grand Rapids, Mich.

Paul E. Martin Methodist Bishop of Arkansas-Louisiana since 1944. b. Dec. 31, 1897 in Blossom, Texas. Graduate of Southern Methodist U. and Southwestern U. (Texas). He served as high school principal and superintendent of schools at Blossom, Texas, 1919-22. Ordained deacon in 1924, elder in 1926. He served churches in Cedar Hill, Dallas, Henrietta, Iowa Park and Wichita Falls, until becoming bishop in 1944. Served as Infantry lieutenant in WWI. Is chairman of U.S. section, World Methodist Coun-_ cil. Member of Blossom Lodge No. 303, Blossom, Texas and 33° AASR (SJ) at Little Rock, Ark.

Thomas E. Martin U.S. Senator from Iowa since 1955; U.S. Congressman to 76th through 83rd Congresses from 1st Iowa dist. b. Jan. 18, 1893 in Melrose, Iowa. Graduate of State U. of Iowa in 1916 and 1927. He was a sales analyst with Goodyear Tire & Rubber at Akron, 0., Dallas, Tex., Oklahoma City, Okla., and St. Louis, Mo. until 1921. From 1923-27 he was an accountant at Iowa City, Ia. He was admitted to the bar in 1927, and beganpractice at Iowa City. Served in WWI as first lieutenant with 35th Infantry. Raised in Iowa City Lodge No. 4, in Jan., 1916; member of Iowa City Chapter No. 2, R.A.M., Swafford Council No. 28, R. & S.M., and Palestine Commandery No. 2, K.T., and member of Kaaba Shrine temple, both in Davenport, Iowa.

Thomas S. Martin (1847-1919) U.S. Senator from Virginia, 1895-1919. b. July 29, 1847 in Scottsville, Va. Attended Virginia Military Institute and the U. of Virginia. He saw military service in the Civil War with the battalion of cadets from V.M.I. Studying law, he was admitted to the bar in 1869, and practiced in Albemarle Co. Member of Scottsville Lodge No. 4, Scottsville, Va. d. Nov. 12, 1919.

Whitmell P. Martin (1867-1929) U. S. Congressman to 65th through 69th Congresses (1915-27) from 3rd La. dist. b. Aug. 12, 1867 in Assumption Point, La. Graduate of Louisiana State U. in 1888. He was a professor of chemistry at Kentucky Military Inst. from 1889-90 and then a chemist for a sugar refinery in Texas until 1891, when he moved to Thibodaux, La. and was admitted to the bar. Served as district attorney and district judge. Member of Unity Lodge No. 267, Houma, La., receiving degrees on Jan. 27, March 26, and April 16, 1905. d. April 6, 1929.

William C. Martin Methodist Bishop. b. July 28, 1893 in Randolph, Tenn. Graduate of Hendrix Coll., and Southern Methodist U. Ordained to the ministry in 1921, he served churches in Houston and Port Arthur, Texas, Little Rock, Ark., and Dallas, Texas from 1921-38. Elected bishop in 1938 and served the Pacific area, 193839; Kansas-Nebraska area, 1939-48; and Dallas-Fort Worth area since 1948. In 1952-54 he was president of the National Council of Churches in U.S.A. In WWI he served with the

145 William M. Martin Hospital Corps in the A.E.F. Received degrees in Dallas Lodge No. 760, Dallas, Texas in 1927 and 32° AASR (SJ) in Dallas.

William M. Martin Premier of Saskatchewan, 1916-22; Chief Justice of Saskatchewan since 1941. b. Aug. 23, 1876 in Norwich, Ont., Canada. Graduate of U. of Toronto in 1898 and 1922. Called to the bar in 1904; King's counsel, 1916, and practiced law at Regina from 1904-16. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1908, 1911, resigning in 1916 to become premier. He was appointed justice of the court of appeal of Sask. in 1922 and became chief justice in 1941. Raised in Harriston Lodge No. 262, Harriston, Ont., Canada in 1900, and presently member of Wascana Lodge No. 2, Regina, Sask., member of Wascana Chapter No. 1, R.A.M., Regina, and 33° AASR at Regina. Was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Saskatchewan in 1928-29.

William T. Martin Confederate General of Civil War. Owner of the famous home Montaigne in Natchez, Miss. His face represents "Mississippi" on the Stone Mountain carving. He was a member of Harmony Lodge No. 1, Natchez, and was active many years, serving on committees, in the Grand Lodge of Mississippi for and as grand junior deacon in 1851. He was admitted to Harmony Lodge in 1849 and dimitted in 1866.

John E. Martineau (1873-1937) Governor of Arkansas, 1927-28; U.S. Judge Eastern District of Arkansas from 1928. b. Dec. 2, 1873 in Clay Co., Mo. Graduate of U. of Arkansas in 1896 and 1899. Admitted to bar in latter year and began practice at Little Rock. He was a member of the lower house, 1903-05. Mason. d. March 16, 1937.

Frank V. Martinek Journalist and assistant vice president of Standard Oil Co. of Indiana since 1925. b. June 15, 1895 in Chicago, Ill. Began as copy boy, and cub reporter for Chicago Record Herald, 1910. Was special agent for U.S. department of Justice, 1921-25, and with Standard Oil since 1925. In 1934 he created the newspaper adventure strips, Don. Winslow of the Navy and Bos'n Hal—Sea Scout. His "Don Winslow" was also produced as a radio and motion picture feature. Author of Don Winslow in Ceylon; Know Your Man; Don Winslow Series. Entered Navy as a seaman in 1917 and discharged in 1921 as a lieutenant in intelligence. Later lieutenant commander in Naval Reserve. Member of Park Lodge No. 843, Chicago, Ill., since 1927; 32° AASR (NJ) in Chicago and member of Medinah Shrine Temple.

Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez President of El Salvador, 1931-44. b. in 1882. He was an army general and politician. He was vice president of El Salvador in 1931, and chosen president by a military directorate in December of that year. He was confirmed by congress in Feb., 1932 to succeed the deposed president, Arturo Araujo. His reign was not recognized by the U.S. until 1934. 33° Scottish Rite Mason.

Edwin A. Martini Lawyer; General Grand King, General Grand Chapter, R.A.M., 1957-60. b. Aug. 24, 1904 in Duluth, Minn. Graduate of U. of Minnesota in 1926 and 1930. He is a senior member of law firm of Martini and Perkins, Duluth. Received distinguished service award of U.S. Junior Chamber of Commerce in 1940. Active in community activities, he has served on the Duluth school board, Rotary president, chairman of Arrowhead Chapter, American Red Cross, president of Duluth Civic Symphony Assn. Raised April 15, 1931 in Euclid Lodge No. 198, Duluth, Minn. and was master in 1937; exalted in

146 Jan G. Masaryk Duluth Chapter No. 59, R.A.M. April 15, 1931 and high priest, 1931-34; grand high priest of Grand Chapter of Minnesota in 1939; greeted in St. Paul Council No. 1, R. & S.M. in 1939; knighted in Duluth Commandery No. 18, K.T. on March 12, 1935; 32° AASR (SJ) at Duluth in 1942 and 33° in 1951; member of Munn Chapter No. 25, National Sojourners, Duluth Court, Royal Order of Jesters; past sovereign St. George Conclave No. 6, Red Cross of Constantine in 1942; DeMolay Legion of Honor in 1940; potentate of Aad Shrine Temple in 1957.

George R. Marvell (1869-1941) Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy. b. Sept. 25, 1869 in Fall River, Mass. Graduate of U.S. Naval Academy in 1889, he advanced through grades to vice admiral (temp.) in 1930 and rear admiral in 1931. Served in Spanish-American War, China, Cuba, Haiti; commanded naval districts in U.S.; headed department of navigation at Naval Academy; commanded Naval district and Naval station at Pearl Harbor, 1927-30; and commanded Cruisers Scouting Force, 1930-31. Mason and National Sojourner.

Cloyd H. Marvin President of George Washington University, Washington, D.C. since 1927. b. Aug. 22, 1889 in Findlay, Ohio. Graduate of U. of Southern California, 1915, Harvard U., 1917, 1919, U. of New Mexico, 1923. He taught at U. of Southern Calif., U. of California, and U. of Arizona. He was president of U. of Arizona, 1922-27. In 1933-35 he was president of the National Parks Assn.; chairman of U.S. delegation to 7th Pan-American Scientific Congress in 1935; deputy director for research and development, War Department, 1946-47; and special advisor to secretary of War from 1947-49. Raised in Mt. Tabor Lodge No. 42, Portland, Oreg. in 1918, later affiliating with

Eppa Randolph Lodge No. 32, Tucson, Ariz., and elected honorary member of Temple Noyes Lodge No. 32, Washington, D.C. on March 8, 1928; Knight Templar and 33° AASR (SJ). In 1927, while Marvin was president of George Washington U., the Supreme Council AASR (SJ) gave one million dollars to that institution for the establishment of a school of government.

Enoch M. Marvin (1823-1877) Methodist Episcopal Bishop. b. June 12, 1823 in Warren Co., Mo. He entered the itinerant ministry of the Methodist church in 1841 and filled several important stations in the St. Louis and Mo. conference. During the Civil War he was in Texas. He was elected bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in 1866, and in 1876 was chosen by the college of bishops to go to China and Japan to examine native missionaries and ordain native preachers. He was grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Missouri in 1849 and from 1851-56. In 1875 he was present at the grand lodge cornerstone laying of the 1st Methodist Church in Jefferson City, Mo. Was a member of St. John Lodge No. 28, Hannibal; exalted in Hannibal Chapter No. 7, R.A.M. on Oct. 29, 1847. Was high priest of Palmyra Chapter No. 2 in Palmyra, Mo. in 1851, seemingly dimitted in that year from the chapter. d. Dec. 3, 1877.

Jan G. Masaryk (1886-1948) Foreign Minister of Czechoslovakia, 194048. b. in 1886 in Prague, the son of Tomas G. Masaryk, the first president of that nation. His mother was Charlotte Garrigue of Brooklyn, N.Y. Jan attended the U. of Prague and was in the diplomatic service of his country from 1919. From 1925-38 he was minister to Britain. From 1939-40 he lectured in the U.S. He was foreign minister, 1940-48, and vice-premier from 1941-45 of the Czechoslovak pro-

147 Armistead T. Mason visional government in London. More than any man of the century, except his father, he was a symbol of the right of small nations to be free. He had helped see Czechoslovakia through its birth pangs in 1918, pleaded unsuccessfully for its survival in 1938, and fought from exile for its liberation during the second World War. When the Communists took over the government following WWII, he was the last non-Communist in the cabinet. He was found lying in the courtyard of the Czernin Palace on the morning of March 10, 1948. The Communists stated he had committed suicide because of criticism from abroad for his remaining in the cabinet. It is more probable that he was murdered by the Communists. He is buried beside his father in the village of Lany. He was initiated in the Jan Amos Komensky Lodge No. 1 of Prague, remaining on the rolls until the first dissolution of the grand lodge by the Nazis in 1938. While in exile in England, he became a charter member of the Lodge Comenius In Exile, London. That lodge had a club in New York under protection of the Grand Lodge of New York. In Tune, 1942 the club gave a demonstration of the Czechoslovak work of the first degree at a meeting of the Elbe and Golden Rule lodges of New York to honor Brother Masaryk. There were some 1,800 brethren present.

Armistead T. Mason (1787-1819) U.S. Senator from Virginia, 1816-17; Brigadier General of Virginia Militia. b. Aug. 4, 1787 in Louisa Co., Va. Graduate of William and Mary Coll. in 1807. He served as a volunteer in the War of 1812, first as a colonel and later as brigadier general. In 1816 he was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the senate in a bitter campaign. It led to many duels and later resulted in his being killed in a duel with his brother-in-law, John Mason McCarty, at Bladensburg, Md.on Feb. 6, 1819. Member of Olive Branch Lodge No. 114, Leesburg, Va.

Charles P. Mason Vice Admiral, U.S. Navy. b. Jan. 12, 1891 at Harrisburg, Pa. Graduate of U.S. Naval Academy in 1912, advancing through grades to vice admiral. Was Naval aviator from 1916. Served as commanding officer U.S. Naval Air Station, Bayshore, L.I. in 1917, and of the U.S. Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, Fla., 1940-42. He commanded the U.S.S. Hornet, 1942; Task Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet, 1942-43; Intermediate Training, Corpus Christi, Texas, 194345; and Naval Air, Honolulu District, 1945, retiring in 1946. Mason.

Charles W. Mason Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Oklahoma, 1929-31. b. Dec. 11, 1887 in Stafford, Ohio. Graduate of Washington and Lee U. in 1911 and began law practice in Nowata, Okla. in that year. Served as city attorney, county attorney, and district judge between 1912-22. Named to Okla. supreme court bench in 1923, serving until 1931. Served as Infantry officer in WWI, and was inspector general, Headquarters, Third Army, 1940-43, same for 6th U.S. Army in S.W. Pacific, 1943-44, and in Inspector General's office, Washington, 1945-46. Received degrees in Sunset Lodge No. 57, Nowata, Okla. on Oct. 10, 1913, Sept. 21, 24, 1914; junior steward in 1916; suspended NPD, 1937.

George W. Mason (1891-1954) President of Nash-Kelvinator Corp. and later president of American Motors Corp. b. March 12, 1891 in Valley City, N. Dak. Graduate of U. of Michigan in 1913. Began in 1913 with Studebaker, then with Dodge in 1914. From 1921-26 he was in charge of manufacturing with Chrysler Corp. He was president and chairman of board of Nash-Kelvinator Corp. until its merger as American Motors Corp., of which he was also president and chairman of board. Member of Pales-

148 Andre Massena tine Lodge No. 357, Detroit, Mich., receiving degrees on Jan. 26, Feb. 19, and March 12, 1915. d. Oct. 8, 1954.

Guy Mason (1880-1955) Newspaperman and Commissioner, District of Columbia, 1941-55. b. Sept. 10, 1880 in Pierceton, Ind. Graduate of National U, Washington, D.C. in 1915 and 1917. He was reporter on the Washington Post, St. Louis Globe Democrat, Washington Herald, New York World, and London Daily Telegraph between 1906-17. Admitted to bar in Washington, D.C. in 1917, he practiced law in that city. Served in Spanish-American War and Philippine Insurrection. Received degrees in Harmony Lodge No. 17, Washington, D.C. on June 12, July 9, and Aug. 7, 1913, dimitting Dec. 19, 1923 to become a charter member of Cathedral Lodge No. 40, Washington, D.C. Also 32° AASR (SJ) and Shriner. d. July 10, 1955.

John Y. Mason (1799-1859) U.S. Secretary of Navy, 1844-45 and 184649; U.S. Attorney General, 1845-46; U.S. Minister to France, 1853-59. b. April 18, 1799 in Greensville Co., Va. Graduate of U. of North Carolina in 1816, studying law in Litchfield, Conn., and admitted to the bar in 1819, practicing in Southhampton Co., Va. He was successively a member of the Virginia legislature and of the state constitutional convention of 1829. From 1831-37 he was a member of the U.S. congress from Va. He was U.S. district judge for Eastern Virginia, 1837-44. His lodge is not known, but he visited St. Johns Lodge No. 36, Richmond, Va. on March 21, 1850, and Lodge Francaise (now Fraternal Lodge No. 53) of Richmond on June 24, 1854. Died in Paris while U.S. minister to France, Oct. 3, 1859.

Jonathan Mason, Jr. Privateer in the American Revolution. Member of Essex Lodge, Salem, Mass.

Lowell B. Mason Member of Federal Trade Commission, 1945-56. b. July 25, 1893 in Chicago, Ill. Graduate of Northwestern U. in 1914 and admitted to bar that year, practicing in Chicago and Washington, D.C. Member of Ill. state senate, 1922-30. Counsel for several U.S. senate investigation committees. Received degrees in Garfield Lodge No. 686, Chicago, in 1914, and later affiliated with Hiram Lodge No. 10, Washington, D.C. At one time was member of Scottish Rite and Shrine in Chicago.

Richard Mason The first Masonic funeral west of the Mississippi River was held April 11, 1824, for Dr. Richard Mason. Missouri Lodge No. 1 conducted the ceremonies and he was buried at 10th and Washington Ave., St. Louis, Mo.—now one block from the present Statler Hotel in downtown St. Louis.

William E. Mason (1850-1921) U.S. Senator from Illinois, 1897-1903; U.S. Congressman from Illinois, 1887-91 and 1917-21. b. July 7, 1850 in Franklinville, N.Y. His parents moved to Van Buren Co., Iowa in 1858. He taught school in Bentonport and Des Moines, Iowa from 1866-70, studied law and began practice in Chicago, Ill. in 1872. He served in both branches of the Ill. legislature. Member of Garfield Lodge No. 686, Chicago, and was grand orator of the Grand Lodge of Illinois in 1897. Also member of chapter, commandery, consistory, and shrine in Chicago. d. June 16, 1921.

Andre Massena (1758-1817) Duke de Rivoli (from 1808) and Prince d'Essling; Marshal of France under Napoleon, q.v. b. at Nice in 1758. Early in the French Revolution he joined the military and rose to high rank. He played an important part in the French victory at Loano in 1795; triumphed under Napoleon in Italy, 1796-97, especially in the Battle of Rivoli Veronese (from which was

149 Nathaniel Massie derived his title as duke). He commanded the French Army in Switzerland and won the Battle of Zurich in 1799. He defended Genoa in 1800 and was appointed marshal of France in 1804. He commanded the army in Italy in 1805; defeated the Austrians under Archduke Charles Louis; and distinguished himself in the battles of Aspern-Essling (from which he took another title) and Wagram. He was commander-in-chief of the French Army in Spain in 1910-11, and was defeated by Sir Arthur Wellesley. He was the first master of the Parfait Amitie Lodge in the Royal Italian Infantry, constituted in 1787. A 33° AASR, he was an officer of the Grand Orient of France in 1805 and a grand representative of the grand master. His son, of the same name, died and was buried at Salt Lake City, Utah. The son was a Mason and a former Catholic priest.

Nathaniel Massie (1763-1813) Pioneer, Revolutionary War Soldier and founder of Chillicothe, Ohio. b. Dec. 28, 1763, in Goochland Co., Va. He entered the Revolutionary Army at age of 17. He subsequently became a surveyor and gradually acquired large tracts of uncultivated territory. In 1791 he surveyed the first settlement within the Virginia military district of Ohio, between the Scioto and Little Miami Rivers, and in 1793-96 was engaged in an extensive survey of the same region. In the latter year he laid out on his own land the city of Chillicothe. At the beginning of the 18th century he was one of the largest land owners in Ohio. He was active in the early Indian wars and was major general of militia for several years. He was a state senator and speaker for one term; also member of Ohio constitutional convention of 1802. In 1807 he was a candidate for governor. His opponent received the larger number of votes, but was declared ineligible. When the office was proffered to Massie, he refused it. He was a member of Scioto Lodge No. 2 (now No. 6). d. Nov. 13, 1813.

Sam C. Massingale (1870-1941) U.S. Congressman to 74th through 76th Congresses (1935-41) from 7th Okla. dist. b. Aug. 2, 1870 in Quitman, Miss. He began law practice at Cordell, Okla. in 1900, and was a member of the territorial legislature in 1902 (Indian Territory). In the Spanish-American War he served with the 2nd Texas Infantry. Affiliated with Cordell Lodge No. 127, Cordell, Okla. in April, 1901 and served as master of same in 1906. Was a member of Cordell Chapter No. 75, R.A.M. and later of Clinton Chapter No. 69, Clinton, Okla. d. Jan. 17, 1941.

Jose Maria Mateos Mexican author. One of the founders of the Mexican National Rite. In 1826 he wrote the earliest history of Freemasonry in Mexico.

Samuel Pritchard Matheson (18521942) Bishop and primate of all Canada Anglican Churches from 1909-30. b. Sept. 20, 1852 in the Red River settlement. Educated in St. John's Coll., Winnipeg and ordained in 1876. He was headmaster of St. John's School and deputy warden of St. John's Coll. Was elected assistant bishop of Ru-pert's Land in 1903; archbishop and metropolitan of Rupert's Land, 190531. Initiated in Ancient Land Mark Lodge No. 3, Winnipeg, Man. on June 8, 1874. Was grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Manitoba in 1877 and grand master of same in 1879. d. 1942.

Charles James Mathews (18031878) English actor. b. in Dec., 1803 in London. He was educated for the profession of an architect. In 1835 he made his debut at the Olympic Theatre in London, and from that time on was connected with the English stage as an actor and manager. His father, Charles Mathews, was also a noted

150 George Matthews English actor. He also appeared in Paris and made two trips to the U.S., one in 1837 and another in 1857. He was a member of Prince of Wales Lodge No. 259, London, being initiated on Feb. 15, 1833. d. June 24, 1878.

William R. Mathews Editor and publisher. b. Oct. 15, 1893 in Lexington, Ky. Graduate of U. of Illinois in 1917. Began with the San Francisco Chronicle in 1919 as advertising salesman; became business manager of the Santa Barbara Morning Press in 1920; general manager of the Arizona Daily Star (Tucson) in 1924; and has been editor and publisher of same since 1930. He is also president of the State Consolidated Publishing Co. and Tucson Newspapers, Inc. Served in WWI as a lieutenant in the Marine Corps; wounded at Blanc Mont, France in 1918, and cited for capture of enemy machine guns, trench mortars, and 75 prisoners near Vierzy, France. Raised April 19, 1926 in Tucson Lodge No. 4, Tucson, Arizona.

Christopher Mathewson (1880-1925) Member of the Baseball Hall of Fame, Cooperstown, N.Y. b. Aug. 12, 1880 at Factoryville, Pa. "Christy" was the greatest pitcher of the 20th century's first quarter. In the 1905 world series he pitched three shutouts. He was the first pitcher of the century to win 30 games in three successive years. In 1908 he won 37 games. His plaque in the Hall of Fame reads "Matty Was Master of Them All." He pitched for the New York National League from 1900-16. He was manager-pitcher of the Cincinnati National League in 1916 and non-playing manager for same in 1917-18. Member of Architect Lodge No. 519, New York City, being raised June 15, 1903 at the age of 22. d. Oct 7, 1925.

Leroy E. Matson Justice, Supreme Court of Minnesota since 1945. b. Feb. 11, 1896 in Crookston, Minn.

Graduate of U. of Minnesota in 1923 and 1926. Practiced law in Minneapolis from 1926-45. Served with 1st Infantry Div. in WWI and was with A.E.F. for 23 months. Since 1956 he has been a member of the awards committee of the Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge. Raised in Cataract Lodge No. 2, Minneapolis in Jan. 1920; master of same in 1936; grand master of Grand Lodge of Minnesota in 1954-55. Member of St. Anthony Falls Chapter No. 3, RAM.; Adoniram Council No. 5, R. & S.M.; Darius Commandery No. 7, K.T.; 32° AASR (SJ); Zuhrah Shrine Temple; St. George Conclave No. 6, Red Cross of Constantine; and Harmony Chapter O.E.S., all of Minneapolis, Minn.

Joel A. Matteson (1808-1883) Governor of Illinois, and President of Chicago and Alton Railroad. b. Aug. 2, 1808 in Watertown, N.Y. He taught school in Brownsville, N.Y., engaged in business in Canada, and in 1831 moved to S. Car., where he was foreman in the construction of the first railroad in that state. He settled in Ill. in 1834 and served three terms in the state senate. He was active in railroad construction and owned a controlling interest in banks in Joliet, Peoria, Quincy, and Shawneetown, Ill. Member of Mt. Joliet Lodge No. 42, Joliet, d. Jan. 31, 1883.

George Matthews Vice President and General Manager of Cotton Belt Railroad. b. Nov. 16, 1893 in Macon, Ga. Began in yard service and joined the Cotton Belt in 1922, rising to vice president and general manager in 1951. He is also director of several other railroads, terminals, and transportation companies. Initiated in Palestine Lodge No. 486, Atlanta, Ga. in 1915, and presently member of Henry Marsh Bell Lodge No. 1371, Texas. 32° AASR (SJ) at Dallas and member of Karem Shrine Temple, Waco, Texas.

151 Hugh Matthews Hugh Matthews (1876-1943) Major General, U.S. Marine Corps. b. June 18, 1876 in Loudon Co., Tenn. He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Marine Corps in 1900, rose to brigadier general in 1929, and was created major general in 1942 by congressional enactment. He served in China, Philippines, Panama, Cuba, Santo Domingo, and overseas with the 2nd Division in WWI. From 192937 he was head of the quartermaster's department of the Marine Corps. Mason and National Sojourner. d. April 9, 1943.

Joseph W. Matthews Former Governor of Mississippi. Was a charter member of Salem Lodge No. 45, Salem, Miss. in 1840 and served as master in 1843. d. in 1865.

Nelson E. Matthews (1852-1917) U.S. Congressman to 64th Congress, 1915-17 from 5th Ohio dist. b. April 14, 1852 in Ottawa, Ohio. Became partner of a banking company in Ottawa, Ohio in 1878, and was later president of same, retiring in 1911. Member of Ottawa Lodge No. 325, Ottawa, Ohio, receiving degrees on Sept. 22, Nov. 17, 1874, and March 16, 1875. d. Oct. 2, 1917.

Stanley Matthews (1824-1889) U.S. Senator from Ohio; Justice, U.S. Supreme Court, 1881-89. b. July 21, 1824 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Graduate of Kenyon Coll. in 1840, studied law and was admitted to the bar, practicing in Maury Co., Tenn. He returned to Cincinnati and became an assistant editor of the Cincinnati Herald, the first daily anti-slavery paper in that city. He served as judge of court of common pleas, state senator, and U.S. attorney for Southern district of Ohio. In 1861 he was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the 23rd Ohio regiment, and participated in the battles of Rich Mountain, Carnifex Ferry, Dobb's Ferry, Murfreesborough, Chickamauga, and Lookout Mountain. He re-signed from the army as a colonel in 1863. In March, 1876 he was elected U.S. senator to fill an unexpired term. A member of Cincinnati Lodge No. 133, Cincinnati, Ohio, he received degrees on Jan. 28, and March 11, 1847; and dimitted Nov. 27, 1856. d. March 22, 1889.

Thomas Matthews (also Mathews) Officer of the American Revolution, speaker of the House of Delegates of Virginia. Member of Williamsburg Lodge No. 6, Williamsburg, Va. in 1778, and later grand master of the Grand Lodge of Virginia.

Ebenezer Mattoon (1755-1843) Officer in American Revolution; Major General in War of 1812; U.S. Congressman from Mass., 1801-03. b. Aug. 19, 1755 in Amherst, Mass. He was graduated from Dartmouth in 1776 and then joined the army in Canada, leaving the service with the rank of major. He was state senator in 179596, and from 1797-1816 was major general of the 4th division, becoming adjutant general of Mass. on the latter date. He received his degrees in Pacific Lodge, Amherst, Mass. in 1802 and served the lodge as master in 1818-19. d. Sept. 11, 1843.

Israel D. Maulsby General in War in 1812. Member of Mt. Ararat Lodge No. 44, Slate Ridge, Md. and master of same in 1822. He was senior grand warden of the Grand Lodge of Maryland in 1836-37.

Maungwandaus An Indian chief from Maine who was made a Mason in Jordan Lodge at Danvers, Mass., receiving all three degrees on March 27, 1850.

Peter R. Maverick American engraver. He was originally a silversmith, but became an etcher and engraver. He did much to aid the early

152 Maximilian I progress of this art in the United States. His son, of the same name, studied under him and also became eminent as an engraver. The elder Maverick became a member of Holland Lodge No. 8, New York City, in 1789.

Samuel B. Maxey (1825-1895) Confederate Major General and U.S. Senator from Texas, 1875-1887. b. March 30, 1825 in Tomkinsville, Ky. Graduate of U.S. Military Academy in 1846. He served in the Mexican War, seeing action at Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Churubusco, Molino del Ray, and Mexico City. He resigned his commission in 1849 and began law practice at Albany, Ky., moving to Paris, Texas in 1857. In the Civil War he raised the 9th Texas Infantry of which he was colonel. He was promoted to brigadier general in 1862 and major general in 1864. He commanded the Indian Territory military district from 1863-65 and was also superintendent of Indian affairs. After the war he returned to his law practice in Paris, Texas. He was a member of Paris Lodge No. 27, and Paris Commandery No. 9, K.T., both of Paris, Texas. d. Aug. 16, 1895.

Maximilian I (1832-1867) Name in full was Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph. Emperor of Mexico, 1864-67, and archduke of Austria. b. July 6, 1832 in Schonbrunn, Austria. He was a brother of Francis Joseph, emperor of Austria. He received naval training and in 1854 was in command of the Austrian navy. He was viceroy of Lombardo-Venetian kingdom from 1857-59. After the French had partially conquered Mexico, an assembly of Mexican notables in exile met under French auspices, adopted the imperial form of government for Mexico, and offered the throne to Maximilian. He accepted on April 10, 1864, reaching Mexico City on June 12 of that year. With the aid of French troops,he drove Juarez, q.v., over the northern frontier. The U.S. government refused to recognize the empire and in 1866 demanded that Napoleon III withdraw his troops. This he did, breaking his pledge of military support to Maximilian. Juarez and Escobedo, qq.v., returned to attack in 1867, besieged Maximilian at Queretaro, and forced his surrender on May 15, 1867. He was court martialed and shot on June 19, 1867. The story of Maximilian and his empress, Carlotta, is a sad one for they both had the interests of Mexico at heart and tried hard to give that country a stable, conservative rule. He allied himself with the interests of the Catholic church and thereby inherited the disfavor of the liberal leaders who had worked to disenfranchise the church and confiscate its property. His Masonic membership is a matter of contention. The York Rite Trestle Board of Mexico City (March, 1934) tells the story of an official who called to see Maximilian in prison. He did not directly mention Masonry to him, but said he gave certain signs, used certain phrases, and the emperor gave no indication that he understood them as such. From this he concluded he was not a Mason. On the other hand the Keystone, Raleigh, N. Car., in Oct. 1866 (while he was emperor), credit- ed him with being a 33° AASR. From the Official Bulletin, Supreme Council AASR (SJ), (Vol. 1, p. 106) is a story concerning an inspector general of the Scottish Rite who had a visit with him while he was emperor, seeking permission to extend activities of the rite in Mexico. He stated he found Maximilian to be a Knight Rose Croix: that the emperor gave permission; that additional bodies of the rite were thereupon organized; and that both the emperor and the empress made a contribution to the charitable work of the rite. If this is true, the emperor would have been a member in France or Austria. Maximilian and

153 Maximilian I Carlotta, being childless, had adopted the grandson of the former Emperor Iturbide, q.v.

Maximilian I (1756-1825) Name in full was Maximilian I Joseph, King of Bavaria. As elector of Bavaria, he sided with France against the allied powers in 1805, gaining the territory by the Treaty of Pressburg, and by its terms assumed the title of king in 1806. He remained loyal to Napoleon until just before the Battle of Leipzig in 1813, when he negotiated with the allies to save his kingdom. He was initiated in the rite of Strict Observance in Strassburg in 1777, while a colonel in the French Army. However, when he became elector of Bavaria, he issued edicts suppressing Freemasonry in 1779, and again in 1804. When Bavaria was made a kingdom in 1806, several small principalities were annexed to it and the old lodges which they possessed were tolerated through a decree in 1807, but under very severe conditions. No government official, clergyman, teacher, or professor was allowed to belong, thus reducing the membership.

Ernest M. Maxwell President of National Aniline and Chemical Co. from 1950. b. Oct. 9, 1901 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Was employed by American Cyanamid Co., 1919-20 arid has been with present firm since 1920, becoming vice president in 1947. Also president of two subsidiary companies. Raised in Ely Parker Lodge No. 1002, Buffalo, N.Y. on June 18, 1925, dimitting Sept. 16, 1952; 32° AASR (NJ) in Brooklyn and Kismet Shrine Temple, Brooklyn, dimitting from latter in 1951.

Ferdinand Maxwell Pioneer merchant of New Mexico. He was an as-sociate of Kit Carson, the Bents, and Ceran St. Vrain, qq.v., and many times their names appear as present at the same lodge meeting. He was originally a member of Kaskaskia (Ill.) Lodge No. 86. When Bent Lodge No. 204 (Mo. charter) was organized at Taos in 1860, he was the first senior warden. Carson was first junior warden. He served as the last master of this short-lived lodge from 186166. It was forced to surrender its charter due to the difficulties caused by the Civil War. In 1864 Maxwell, together with Carson and St. Vrain, affiliated with Montezuma Lodge No. 109 (now No. 1).

William Maxwell (?-1798) Brigadier General in American Revolution. Although little is known of his early life, it is thought he was born in Ireland and brought to N.J. in his early years. He entered the colonial service in 1758, serving in the French and Indian War until the Revolution, when he became colonel of the 2nd N.J. battalion. He was with the Canadian expedition of 1776 that ended in disaster, and with Schuyler at Lake Champlain. He was made brigadier general in 1776 and harassed the enemy after the Battle of Trenton. In 1777 he commanded a N.J. brigade at the battles of Brandywine and Germantown and was with the army at Valley Forge. He played an important part in the Battle of Monmouth. He resigned his commission in 1780. Washington said of him: "I believe him to be an honest man, a warm friend to his country, and firmly attached to its interests." He was a member of the Pennsylvania Military Lodge No. 19 and was once recorded as a visitor to American Union Lodge. He is also listed as a past master in the N.J. proceedings of 1786-1857 (p. 66). d. Nov. 12, 1798.

Charles A. May (1817-1864) Hero of the Mexican War. b. Aug. 9, 1817 in Washington, D.C., he entered the

154 Louis B. Mayer army in 1836 as a second lieutenant of the 2nd Dragoons. He served in the Seminole War and captured King Philip, the principal chief of that nation. He was promoted to captain in 1846, and served as chief of cavalry under Gen. Zachary Taylor, q.v., throughout the Mexican War. He commanded the cavalry at the battles of Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, Monterrey, and Buena Vista. At Resaca de la Palma, he turned the day by charging an earthen breastwork and capturing General La Vega, commanding the artillery. For his gallantry at Palo Alto he was brevetted major; for Resaca, lieutenant colonel; and colonel for Buena Vista. He resigned his commission in 1860, moved to New York City and became vice president of the Eighth Avenue Railroad. He received all three degrees at an "occasional lodge" in Charleston, S.C. on March 29, 1859 at which Albert Pike, q.v., was present and the grand master presided. d. Dec. 24, 1864.

Burnet R. Maybank (1899-1954) Governor and U.S. Senator from South Carolina. b. March 7, 1899 in Charleston, S. Car. Graduate of Coll. of Charleston (S.C.). Served in WWI as a seaman and later as naval air cadet. From 1920-38 he was engaged in the cotton export business. From 1939-41 he was governor of S. Car., and in 1941 was elected to the U.S. senate to fill vacancy caused by resignation of James F. Byrnes, q.v. He was reelected in 1942, and again in 1948 for term ending 1955. Member of Landmark Lodge No. 76, Charleston, S. Car. and received 14° AASR (SJ) in Charleston on May 8, 1923. d. Sept. 1, 1954.

Julius M. Mayer (1865-1925) Federal Judge, Southern District of New York, 1912-21; U.S. Circuit Judge, 1921-25. b. Sept. 5, 1865 in N.Y. Graduate of Coll., City of New York in 1884, and Columbia Law School in1886. He practiced law in New York City from 1895, and was attorney general of N.Y. from 1905-07. Member of National Lodge No. 209, N.Y.C., receiving degrees on Sept. 26, Oct. 24, Nov. 14, 1902. d. Nov. 30, 1925.

Louis B. Mayer (1885-1957) Motion picture producer. b. July 4, 1885 in Minsk, Russia. He was educated in the public schools of St. John, N.B., Canada, and became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1912. Until 1907 he was in the ship and industrial plant salvaging business, starting in that year as a motion picture operator in Haverhill, Mass. He later controlled all the theaters in Haverhill. He held the New England rights for D. W. Griffith's, q.v., Birth of a Nation. He was organizer and vice president of Metro Pictures Corp. and produced pictures as Louis B. Mayer Pictures Corp. until it merged with Metro in 1924. Later it merged with Goldwyn Co. and became Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corp. of which he was first vice president in charge of production and chief production manager for Loew's, Inc. In this capacity he received the highest salary in the nation for seven years (i.e. in 1943 his salary was $1,138,992.47). His films were among the biggest money-makers in history. A few examples were the Andy Hardy series -with Mickey Rooney; the Dr. Kildare series with Lionel Barrymore; Mrs. Miniver with Greer Garson, and Boom Town with Clark Gable. He is credited with "finding" many stars including Marie Dressler, Mae Murray, Norma Shearer, Greta Garbo, John Gilbert, Lon Chaney, Nelson Eddy, Jeanette MacDonald, Clark Gable, Judy Garland, Greer Carson, Hedy Lamar, Luise Rainer, William Powell, Myrna Loy, Robert Montgomery, Joan Crawford, Rosalind Russell, James Stewart, Robert Taylor, Mickey Rooney, Spencer Tracy, Lana Turner, Walter Pidgeon, Esther Williams, Van Johnson, and Margaret O'Brien. He

155 Earle B. Mayfield built the greatest western thoroughbred racing stable known, which, when sold, brought more than eleven million dollars. He was a member of St. Cecile Lodge No. 568, New York City and a Shriner. d. Oct. 29, 1957.

Earle B. Mayfield U.S. Senator from Texas, 1923-29. b. April 12, 1881 in Overton, Texas. A graduate of Southwestern U., Georgetown, Texas in 1900, he studied law at U. of Texas, was admitted to the bar in 1901, and practiced in Meridian. He also engaged in agricultural pursuits and the wholesale grocery business. He served in the state senate from 190713 and was a member of the state railroad commission from 1913-23. Defeated for reelection to the senate in 1928, he resumed law practice in Tyler, Texas. Member of St. Johns Lodge No. 53, Tyler, Texas, receiving degrees on Aug. 9, Sept. 16, and Nov. 8, 1902. Received 50-year award in 1958; 32° AASR (SJ) at Dallas on May 7, 1914; member of Hella Shrine Temple, Dallas.

John B. Maynard (1887-1945) Brigadier General, U.S. Army. b. Aug. 12, 1887 in Portsmouth, Va. Commissioned a 2nd lieutenant in the Coast Artillery in 1908, he advanced through grades to brigadier general, U.S. Army in 1941. Member of Army and Navy Lodge No. 306, Fort Monroe, Va., receiving degrees on March 3, 10, 24, 1913. d. Feb. 2, 1945.

Jonathan Maynard A lieutenant in the American Revolution who claimed that his life was spared by the Indian chief, Joseph Brant, when the latter found him to be a Freemason. After the war he resided in Framingham, near Boston, where he was a well-known and respected citizen. He often told the story of being taken prisoner in New York by a party of Indians under Brant. As he was about to be put to death by torture, Brant, who was present, discovered the symbols of Masonry marked in ink upon the prisoner's arms. Brant interposed, saved Maynard, and saw that he was sent as a prisoner to Canada, where after several months, he was exchanged and sent home.

Charles H. Mayo (1865-1939) With brother, William J. (not a Mason) was co-founder of the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research at Rochester, Minn., in affiliation with the U. of Minnesota. b. July 19, 1865 in Rochester, Minn. the son of William W. Mayo, M.D., q.v. Received M.D. degree from Northwestern U. in 1888 and M.A. in 1904. He did postgraduate work at N.Y. Polyclinic, and received honorary degrees from numerous universities throughout the world. With his brother, he donated $2,800,000 for the present Mayo Clinic at Rochester. It began in the Masonic Temple building. Dr. Mayo served as surgeon and associate chief of staff of the clinic; surgeon to St. Mary's and Worrall hospitals; and professor of surgery, Medical School, U. of Minn., 1919-36. Served in WWI as colonel of Medical Corps. He was later chief consultant for Office of Surgeon General and was brigadier general in Medical Reserve. Member of Rochester Lodge No. 21, Rochester, Minn., receiving degrees on Jan. 27, Feb. 24, and May 12, 1890. Member of Halcyon Chapter No. 8, R.A.M. and Home Commandery No. 5, K.T., both of Rochester. 32° AASR (SJ) at Winona, Minn. and 33° in Oct., 1935.

Charles W. Mayo Governor of Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. b. July 28, 1898 at Rochester, Minn. Son of Charles H. Mayo, q.v., who, with his brother, William J. Mayo, founded the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, donating $2,800,000 to it. Received A.B. from Princeton U. in 1921; M.D. from U. of Pennsylvania in 1926; M.S. in surgery at U. of Minnesota in 1931. He

1-reaerick L. marag has been a surgeon at Mayo Clinic since 1931 and instructor in surgery, assistant professor, associate professor, and presently professor in the graduate school of U. of Minnesota. He is a director of Northwest Airlines and a trustee of Carleton Coll. He was alternate delegate to the United Nations 8th General Assembly. Member of Rochester Lodge No. 21, Rochester, Minn., receiving degrees on Aug. 20, Sept. 6, and Sept. 13, 1920. Member of Halcyon Chapter No. 8, R.A.M. and Home Commandery No. 5, K.T., both of Rochester. Is an honorary member of the Grand Lodge of Chile and in 1958 received the Distinguished Achievement award of the Grand Lodge of New York.

Henry T. Mayo (1856-1937) Admiral, U.S. Navy, who was Commander-in-Chief of the Atlantic Fleet throughout WWI. b. Dec. 8, 1856 in Burlington, Vt. He served on various naval vessels, was commandant of Mare Island Navy Yard, and in 1913 was commander of the 4th Division, Atlantic Fleet. In 1915 as vice-admiral he commanded battleship squadrons in Atlantic Fleet, and in 1916 was promoted to admiral and made commander-in-chief of the Atlantic Fleet. He represented the U.S. at the naval conference of allied nations in London in 1917. When the fleet was divided into Atlantic and Pacific Fleets in 1919, he reverted to rank of rear admiral and was assigned to duty on the Navy General Board. He was retired in 1920 with rank of rear admiral, being advanced to admiral in 1930. From 1924-28 he served as governor of U.S. Naval Home, Philadelphia. Initiated in Burlington Lodge No. 100, Burlington, Vt., Nov. 10, 1885. d. Feb. 23, 1937.

William H. Mayo (1843-1905) General Grand Master, General Grand Council, R. & S.M., 1900-1903. b. July 16, 1843 in St. Landry Parish, La. Orphaned at an early age. Served asa private in Company F, 8th Louisiana regiment C.S.A. at outbreak of war, and became adjutant of the regiment. Fought with the Confederacy in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania under General Jackson, q.v. Moved to Missouri in 1871. Raised in Humble Cottage Lodge No. 19, Opelousas, La., in 1869. Exalted in Missouri Chapter No. 1, St. Louis, in 1874; greeted in St. Louis Council No. 1, R. & S.M., in 1877; and knighted in St. Louis Commandery No. 1 in 1874. Received the 33° AASR (SJ), Oct. 24, 1895. He became grand secretary and recorder of the grand chapter, grand council, and grand commandery of Missouri. Was grand recorder of the Grand Encampment, K.T. of U.S. from 1895 and secretary of the Scottish Rite in St. Louis. Died in 1905.

William W. Mayo (1819-1911) Physician and father of Charles H., q.v., and William J. Mayo, co-founders of the famous Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. b. May 31, 1819 in Lancashire, England. He was raised in Rochester Lodge No. 21, Rochester, Minn. in 1863. His son, Charles H., and grandson, Charles W., have also been members of this lodge. Received his degrees on Sept. 21, Oct. 5 and Oct. 19, 1863. Was also a member of Halcyon Chapter No. 8, R.A.M. and Home Commandery No. 5, K.T., both of Rochester.

Frederick L. Maytag (1857-1937) Founder of the Maytag Co., manufacturer of washing machines. b. July 14, 1857 in Elgin, Ill. He was a farmer until 1880, then an implement salesman for the next ten years. He began the manufacturing business in 1893 and in 1907 founded the Maytag Co., of which he was chairman of the board. He was a member of the Iowa state senate from 1902-12, and mayor of Newton, Ia., 1923-25. He was first director of Iowa state budget in 1925. He donated $250,000 to the Newton

157 Giuseppe Mazzini Y.M.C.A. and many thousands of dollars to colleges. On his 70th birthday he distributed $132,000 among his employees. Member of Newton Lodge No. 59, Newton, Iowa, receiving degrees on April 23, May 14, and Sept. 13, 1887. d. March 26, 1937.

Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872) Italian patriot and liberator. b. in Genoa, he practiced law there. He became associated with the democratic movement in Italy and in 1830 joined the Carbonari. For his activty he was imprisoned for six months, and released only after he pledged to leave Italy. He made his home in Marseilles, France, and because of a letter written to Charles Albert of Sardinia, a decree of perpetual banishment from Italy was made against him. In 1832 he organized a secret revolutionary society known as Young Italy. With him in this venture was the liberator, Garibaldi, q.v. Its purpose was the unification of Italy under a republican form of government. In the revolution of 1849 he returned to Italy to form the triumvirate with Saffi and Armellini, but went into exile again when the papal control of Rome was reestablished. He instigated the rebel uprisings in Mantua in 1852; Milan in 1853; Genoa in 1857, and aided in organizing Garibaldi's expeditions in 1860, 1862, and 1867. He was a Mason, and past grand master of the Grand Orient of Italy. In June, 1949 the Italian government invited the members of the Grand Orient of Italy to participate in the parade and dedication of a statue to Mazzini in Rome. Three thousand Italian Masons were present. The belated statue was first designed by Ettore Ferrari, former grand master of Italy, but the Mussolini period intervened, and the statue was not erected until long after Ferrari's death.

John L. McAdam (1756-1836) Scottish engineer and inventor of the"macadamized" road. b. Sept 21, 1756 in Ayr, Scotland. Following death of his father, he lived with an uncle in New York City. He became a merchant and sided with the British in the Revolution. He returned to Scotland in 1783, where he purchased an estate in Ayrshire, and began his experiments in road construction. His theory was that small angular fragments of stone will coalesce or bind into a compact mass under pressure, and that the efficiency of a road is in proportion to the thoroughness with which water is excluded from the soil on which it rests. He gave his services and advice without charge and even declined the honor of knighthood. He was probably made a Mason in the U.S. He affiliated with Lodge Ayr Kilwinning, originally known as Squaremen's Lodge No. 65 at Ayr, and served as its master. d. Nov. 26, 1836.

William McAdoo (1853-1930) Assistant Secretary of Navy, 1893-97; U.S. Congressman, 48th through 51st Congresses (1883-91) from 7th N.J. dist. b. Oct. 25, 1853 in Rathmelton Co., Ireland, coming to U.S. in boyhood. For a time he was in law practice in N.Y.C. with William G. McAdoo, q.v. (no relation) and was police commissioner and chief city magistrate. Member of Howard Lodge No. 35, N.Y.C. d. June 7, 1930.

William Gibbs McAdoo (1863-1941) Secretary of Treasury (1913-18) under Wilson; U.S. Senator from Calif. (1933-39) ; Chairman of board of American President Lines (1939-41). b. Oct. 31, 1863 at Marietta, Ga. Educated in U. of Tennessee. His second marriage was to Eleanor Randolph Wilson, daughter of President Wilson, and took place in the White House, May 7, 1914. Admitted to the bar in 1885, he practiced at Chattanooga until 1892, when he moved to New York City, where he was a law partner of

158 Duncan McArthur William McAdoo, q.v. (no relation). He was president and director of Hudson & Manhattan Railroad which built pnd operated four tunnels under the Hudson river, the first being completed in 1904. He was also chairman of the Federal Reserve Board; chairman ex-officio of Federal Farm Loan Board and director general of U.S. railroads. In 1920 and again in 1924, he was a leading contender for the Democratic nomination for president. In New York, he was a member of Chancellor Walworth Lodge No. 271, and in California of Henry S. Orme Lodge No. 456, Los Angeles. Exalted in Signet Chapter No. 57, RAM., Los Angeles on June 15, 1925; Knight Templar and 32° AASR (SJ). d. Feb. 1, 1941.

Almer McDuffie McAfee Chemical engineer. b. Sept. 24, 1886 in Navarro Co., Texas. Graduate of U. of Texas in 1908, and Ph.D. from Columbia U. in 1911. He is listed as one of the 37 notable American chemical inventors. He has been with Gulf Oil as a chemical engineer since 1913. He discovered the action of aluminum chloride on petroleum hydrocarbons in 1912, and introduced it to petroleum refining in 1915. He began manufacture of same, from bauxite, on large scale in 1918. He is the holder of some 50 U.S. patents. Mason, Knight Templar, and Shriner.

Harold C. McAllister Vice President of New Hampshire Fire Insurance Co. b. March 28, 1893 in Manchester, N.H. Graduate of Dartmouth U. in 1913. Has been with present company since 1920, serving as assistant secretary, secretary, and vice president. He is also vice president and director of the American Fidelity Co. and Granite State Fire Insurance Co. Served as first lieutenant in WWI in U.S. Army. Member of Washington Lodge No. 61, Manchester in 1915, and master in 1941. Member of Mount Horeb Chapter No. 11, R.A.M. and Trinity Commandery, K.T. serving as commander in 1941. Received Scottish Rite in 1920; 33° in 1947; and active member of Supreme Grand Council (NJ) in 1952.

Joseph T. McAllister (1866-1927) Author and lawyer. b. Feb. 27, 1866 in Malden, W. Va. Admitted to the Va. bar in 1891. Wrote Historical Sketches of Hot Springs and Bath County, Va.; Humor in Ebony; Virginia Militia in the Revolution; Appalachian Tours in the Virginias. Member of Hot Springs Lodge No. 275, Hot Springs, Va. d. June 13, 1927.

Clifton N. McArthur (1879-1923) U.S. Congressman, 64th through 67th Congresses (1915-23) from 3rd Oregon dist. b. June 10, 1879 at The Dalles, Oreg. Graduate of U. of Oregon in 1901, and admitted to the bar in 1906, practicing in Portland. Interested in farming and raising of Jersey cattle. Speaker of lower house of Oregon, 1909-13. Member of Portland Lodge No. 55, Portland, Oreg. d. Dec. 10, 1923.

Duncan McArthur ( 1772 -1839 ) Brigadier General, War of 1812; Governor of Ohio, 1830-32; U.S. Congressman, 1823-25. b. June 14, 1772 in Dutchess Co., N.Y. With his parents McArthur moved to the western frontier of Pa. in 1780. At the age of 18 he volunteered in General Harmar's expedition against the Miami Indians and later served as a scout in the Kentucky-Ohio border warfare with the Indians. He settled as a surveyor near Chillicothe, Ohio and acquired great wealth in land. Member of Ohio legislature in 1805, he became major general of territorial militia in 1808. He was commissioned colonel of 1st Ohio volunteers in 1812, and was second in command at Detroit when General Hull surrendered. McArthur and Col. Lewis Cass, q.v., were absent from the

159 John McArthur fort at the time, but were included in the articles of capitulation. McArthur was so indignant at Hull's surrender that he tore off his epaulettes and broke his sword. Commissioned brigadier general on March 12, 1813, he succeeded General Harrison in command of the Western Army in 1814. He invaded Canada with a force in 1814. He was a member of Scioto Lodge No. 2 (now No. 6) of Chillicothe, Ohio, having signed the bylaws on Dec. 4, 1805. d. April 28, 1839.

John McArthur (1826-1906) Major General (Union) in Civil War. b. Nov. 17, 1826 in Erskine, Scotland, the son of a blacksmith. He worked at that trade until aged 23, when he came to the U.S. and settled in Chicago, Ill., where he was employed as foreman of boiler-making in a foundry, and later headed his own company. Entered army as a colonel of 12th Illinois volunteers; was made brigadier general, March 21, 1862; and brevetted major general following the Battle of Nashville, where he headed a division under General Andrew J. Smith. He was at Fort Donelson, Shiloh (wounded), and Vicksburg. He was commissioner of public works at Chicago and was president of the board during the famous fire of 1871. From 1873-77 he was postmaster of Chicago. Received degrees in Cleveland Lodge No. 211, Chicago, in 1857 and suspended May 2, 1878. d. 1906.

Moral Randall McArthur Oil executive. b. March 24, 1903 at Freelandville, Ind. Graduate of Indiana State Coll. in 1933. Taught school, and was with Goodrich Rubber Co., until entering the petroleum field in 1929 with Indiana Oil & Gas Co. From 1933-47 he was divisional manager for Phillips Petroleum Co. Since 1947 has been executive vice president, general manager, and director of Husky Oil Co. He is vice president and director of several allied companies in the oilproduction field. Raised in Bicknell Lodge No. 535, Bicknell, Ind. in April, 1924. Member of Washington Chapter No. 2, R.A.M.; Houston Council No. 1, R. & S.M., and Ruthven Commandery No. 2, K.T., all of Houston, Texas.

George W. McBride (1854-1911) U.S. Senator from Oregon, 1895-1901. b. March 13, 1854 in Yamhill Co., Oreg. Admitted to the bar, but never practiced. He was a merchant for ten years. He was speaker of the lower house in Oregon and secretary of state from 1887-95. He was U.S. commissioner of St. Louis Exposition in 190105. Member of St. Helens Lodge No. 32, St. Helens, Oreg., he was master of same in 1886. d. 1911.

Priestly H. McBride (1794-1869) Justice, Supreme Court of Missouri, 1845-49. b. in Kentucky. He moved to Columbia, Mo. in 1825 and was admitted to the bar in that year. He served as justice of the peace, county judge, superintendent of county buildings, secretary of state (1829-30), circuit judge, and president of board of curators, U. of Missouri. He affiliated with Paris Union Lodge No. 19, Paris, Mo. on Feb. 10, 1838, on dimit from Hiram Lodge of Harrodsburg, Ky. He served as master in 1838, and the following year was appointed deputy grand secretary of the Grand Lodge of Missouri. During the trying anti-masonic period, he served as grand master five terms (1839-44), a longer period than any other man has served. He was exalted in 1838 in Palmyra Chapter No. 2. In 1854 he was high priest of Columbia Chapter No. 17, and later grand high priest of the Grand Chapter, R.A.M. of Mo. He was knighted in St. Louis Commandery No. 1, K.T. d. May 21, 1869.

Robert W. McBride (1842-1926) Justice, Supreme Court of Indiana, 1890-93. b. Jan. 25, 1842 in Richland Co., Ohio. Practiced law at Indianap-

160 John A. McCandless ohs from 1893. Was circuit court judge from 1882-88. Member of Union Light Guard of Ohio (Abraham Lincoln's bodyguard), and colonel in 3rd Indiana Regiment. Author of Abraham Lincoln's Body Guard; Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln. Received the degrees in 1866 in Waterloo City Lodge No. 307, Waterloo, Ind., transferring in 1899 to Pentalpha Lodge No. 564, Indianapolis, Ind. d. May 15, 1926.

George L. McCahan (1838-1902) General Grand High Priest, General Grand Chapter, R.A.M., 1894-97. b. Feb. 5, 1838 at Frederick, Md. Began as a machinist's apprentice, and after studying at the Maryland Institute at night, he became a member of firm of George Page & Co., manufacturers of engines and machinery. He was executive commissioner of Maryland at the Chicago World's Fair. Initiated July 12, 1860 in Union Lodge No. 60; exalted in Concordia Chapter No. 1, R.A.M., Oct. 6, 1863; greeted in Concordia Council, R. & S.M.; knighted in Maryland Commandery, Oct. 14, 1864; received 32° AASR (SJ) in 1877. Was master of his lodge and deputy grand master in 1885-86; high priest of his chapter and grand high priest in 1871-72; he was chairman of the convention that organized the Grand Council R. & S.M. and was grand master in 1874-75. d. July 30,1902.

John S. McCain (1884-1945) Vice Admiral, U.S. Navy. b. Aug. 9, 1884 in Carroll Co., Miss. Graduate of U.S. Naval Academy in 1906, and promoted through grades to admiral in 1941 and vice admiral in 1943. Was chief of Bureau of Aeronautics from 1942-43, and in 1943 deputy chief of naval operations for air. He commanded carrier task force 38 in the Pacific, and witnessed the surrender of Japan on board the U.S.S. Missouri in 1945. Member of Carrollton Lodge No. 36, Carrollton, Miss. d. Sept. 6, 1945.

Samuel W. McCall (1851-1923) Governor of Massachusetts, 1916-18; U.S. Congressman, 53rd to 62nd Congresses (1893-1913) from 8th Mass. dist. b. Feb. 28, 1851 in East Providence, Pa. Graduate of Dartmouth in 1874. Practiced law in Boston and was editor-in-chief of the Boston Daily Advertiser. Raised in William Parkman Lodge, Winchester, Mass. on April 10, 1888. Recorded in attendance at the annual legislative night of St. John Lodge, Boston on April 3, 1916. d. Nov. 4, 1923.

Daniel C. McCallum (1815-1878) Major General (brevet) in Civil War; engineer. b. Jan. 21, 1815 in Rentfrewshire, Scotland, coming to Rochester, N.Y. with his parents in his youth. He became an architect and builder, and in 1855-56 was general superintendent of the Erie Railroad. In Feb., 1862 he was made a colonel and appointed director of all military railroads in the U.S.; later was brevetted brigadier and major general for meritorious service (Sept., 1864 and March, 1865). He published a report on the military railroads during the war. Member of Valley Lodge No. 109, Rochester, N.Y. d. Dec. 27, 1878.

Wallace McCamant (1867-1944) Associate Justice, Supreme Court of Oregon, 1917-18. b. Sept. 22, 1867 in Hollidaysburg, Pa. Graduate of Lafayette Coll. (Pa.) in 1888, and admitted to the bar in 1890, moving to Portland, Oreg. that year. Prominent in national Republican politics. President general of the National Sons of American Revolution in 1921-22. Member of Willamette Lodge No. 2, and charter master of Research Lodge of Oregon No. 198. 33° AASR (SJ). d. Dec. 17, 1944.

John A. McCandless (1853-1930) Capitalist; active in Hawaiian revolutions of 1887 and 1893 and one of committee of 13 which overthrew the kingdom. b. June 11, 1853 in Indiana,

161 Glenn H. McCarthy Pa. He engaged in oil well drilling until 1881, and artesian wells in Hawaii after that date. He was president of John A. McCandless & Co.; vice president of Oahu Sugar Co., and Pioneer Mill Co. Was Hawaiian senator, Republic of Hawaii, and superintendent of public works of Hawaii one year. Affiliated with Le Progres de L'Oceanie Lodge No. 371, Hawaii from Volcano Lodge No. 49, W. Va. d. Jan. 30, 1930.

Glenn H. McCarthy Oil producer. b. Dec. 25, 1907 in Beaumont, Texas. He discovered numerous oils fields, and began drilling in 1933. Organized the following companies: Beaumont Natural Gas; McCarthy Building; Jefferson Pipe Line; Neches Natural Gas; Absorption Plant, Inc.; McCarthy Oil and Gas; McCarthy Center, Inc.; Houston Export; Houston Foreign Trade and Export; News, Inc. (publishing suburban weeklies); McCarthy Chemical; Glenn McCarthy Productions; Radio station KXYZ; McCarthy-International Tube Corp. Received degrees in Temple Lodge No. 4, Houston, Texas on July 10, Oct. 2, 30, 1931. Presently suspended.

Chester E. McCarty Lawyer and Major General, U.S. Air Force. b. Dec. 31, 1905 in Pendleton, Oreg. Graduate of Northwestern U. in 1929. Admitted to the bar in 1928, and practiced in Portland. Served as legal advisor to governor of Oregon, and assistant attorney general. Elected state senator in 1943, but declined to serve due to military service. Served as colonel in Air Force, 1942-46, brigadier general, 1951-52, and major general from 1953. He commanded the 403rd Troop Carrier Wing, 1951-52; Korean Airlift, 1952-54; and was commander of 18th Air Force from 1954. Member of Friendship Lodge No. 160, Portland, Oreg.; 32° AASR (SJ) at Portland; Al Kader Shrine Temple, Portland; honorary member of Hejaz Temple, Greenville, S. Car.; and Karem Temple, Waco, Texas. Royal Order of Jesters (Portland Court No. 29); senior member of DeMolay and DeMolay Legion of Honor.

Daniel T. McCarty (1912-1953) Governor of Florida, 1953, dying in office. b. Jan. 18, 1912 in Ft. Pierce, Fla. Graduate of U. of Florida in 1934. Was a citrus grower, packer, and rancher. He served in the state legislature from 1937-43, and was house speaker in 1941. Member of Ft. Pierce Lodge No. 87, Ft. Pierce, Fla., receiving degrees on Nov. 13, 1936, Sept. 9, and Oct. 28, 1938. Member of Mahi Shrine Temple, Miami. d. Sept. 28, 1953 and buried with Masonic ceremonies.

Samuel E. McCarty Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy. b. June 27, 1889 in West Alexander, Pa. After attending Princeton he became a sports editor, and later political editor of the Pittsburgh Leader (1912-17). He entered the Navy in 1917, was commissioned ensign in 1919, and advanced through grades to rear admiral in 1944. He was in the Far East in 1921-24, serving in Russia during part of the Russian revolution. Was at Yokohama, Japan, 1923-24 at time of earthquake that destroyed that city. Served in North Atlantic 1942-43, and Pacific, 1944-46; Naval supply officer, 1947-51. Now general manager of Martinolich Shipbuilding Co., San Diego, Calif. Raised in Cavite Lodge No. 2, Cavite City, Philippines in 1922. Member of Jackson Park Chapter No. 222, R.A.M., Chicago, Ill. in 1924 and of National Sojourners in 1927.

Isaac N. McCash President of Phillips U., Enid, Okla., 1916-38 and emeritus from 1938. b. June 5, 1861 in Cumberland Co., Ill. Graduate of National Normal U. (Ohio), Harvard, and Drake. Ordained to Disciples of Christ ministry in 1890. He served

162 John L. McClellan University church of Des Moines, Iowa, from 1893-1904, and was active in the Anti-Saloon League, securing the enactment of the "inebriate" bill in the Iowa legislature. He was life director and corresponding secretary of the American Christian Missionary Society and life director of Foreign Christian Missionary Society. From 1913-16 he was president of Spokane U. (Washington). He was president of National Board of Education of his church, 1919-21. His name was placed in the Oklahoma Hall of Fame, and his bust in the Historical Society in 1939. Member of Enid Lodge No. 80, Enid, Okla., receiving degrees on Oct. 3, 1919, June 11 and July 30, 1920. Exalted in Enid Chapter No. 27, R.A.M., Enid, Okla. on Oct. 25, 1920 and knighted in Enid Commandery No. 13, K.T. March 31, 1941. Received 32° AASR (SJ) at Guthrie on Oct. 20, 1921; KCCH in 1941 and 33°, honorary on Nov. 27, 1945. He was grand chaplain and grand orator of the Grand Lodge of Oklahoma in 1938-39: Presently resides in a Christian minister's home in Mo.

Andrew McCleary (Also Mc-Clary) A major in the American Revolution, he was killed at the Battle of Bunker Hill. He is said to have been the first field officer killed in the Revolution. Member of St. Johns Lodge. No. 1, Portsmouth, N.H., being initiated March 3, 1774.

George B. McClellan (1826-1885) Union General-in-Chief of Civil War. b. Dec. 3, 1826 in Philadelphia, Pa. Studied at U. of Pennsylvania from 1840-42, and entered U.S. Military academy at age of 151/2, graduating in 1846. Served in Mexican War at Malan, Camargo, Tampico, Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, Cerro de Telegrafe, Contreras, Churubusco, and Chapultepec. Later explored the upper Red River between Texas and Indian territory as army engineer. In 1853 hewas on duty in Oregon and Washington territories and was employed as engineer on the Northern Pacific Railroad. In 1855 he was sent to Europe on a commission to report on the condition of the armies on the continent, and to observe the Crimean War. He resigned his commission in 1857 to become chief engineer of the Illinois Central Railroad, becoming vice president in 1858. In 1859 he was made president of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad, and in 1860 made president of the St. Louis, Missouri, and Cincinnati Railroad, which office he held at the beginning of the Civil War in 1861. In that year he was appointed major general of Ohio volunteers and placed in command of the Department of Ohio, which included Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and portions of Virginia and Pennsylvania. He was influential in keeping Kentucky in the Union by occupying parts of it. He commanded a division on the Potomac in July, 1861, and was commissioned generalin-chief on Nov., 1861. He directed the peninsula campaign in 1862, and commanded at Antietam in Sept., 1862. He was replaced by Gen. Burnside in that year. In 1864 he was the Democratic candidate for president, being defeated by Lincoln. In 1878-81 he was governor of New Jersey. He declined the presidency of two universities and other offices. McClellan received all three degrees of Freemasonry Dec. 9, 1853, in Willamette Lodge No. 2, Portland, Oreg. by special dispensation of the grand master. d. Oct. 29, 1885.

John L. McClellan U.S. Senator from Arkansas since 1942. b. Feb. 25, 1896 at Sheridan, Ark. Was admitted to the bar in 1913 and began practice at Sheridan. He served two terms as prosecuting attorney of the 7th judicial district (1927-30), and was U.S. congressman to 74th and 75th congresses (1935-39) from 6th Ark. dist. He is a member of the law firm

163 William McClelland Gaughan, McClellan & Gaughan. In WWI he served as a first lieutenant. In 1957-58 he served as chairman of the senate committee to investigate corruption, graft, and underworld connections of high labor officials. The committee became known as the "McClellan Committee." Member of Rockport Lodge No. 58, Malvern, Ark., he received the 32° AASR (SJ) in 1945 at Little Rock, William McClelland (1883-1949) Protestant Episcopal Bishop. b. Jan. 22, 1883 in Philadelphia, Pa. Graduate of Harvard in 1911 and U. of Pennsylvania in 1914. Ordained and served as curate of St. Matthews Church, Francisville, Philadelphia, 1914-16; rector of St. Lukes, Bustleton, Philadelphia, 1916-24; rector of churches and parishes in Maryland from 192429. Named bishop of Easton, Md. on June 2, 1939. Member of Jerusalem Lodge No. 506, Philadelphia, Pa., receiving degrees on April 19, May 22, and June 28, 1919. d. April 16, 1949.

Charles T. McClenachan (18291896) Masonic author. b. April 13, 1829 in Washington, D.C. He moved to New York in 1845, became a teacher, and was admitted to the bar in 1368; held a number of public offices. He was raised in Munn Lodge No. 190, N.Y.C., March 17, 1854, and later affiliated with Howard Lodge No. 35 (serving as master in 1884), and finally Chancellor Walworth Lodge No. 271. Received the 32° AASR (NJ) in Cosmopolitan Consistory, N.Y., June 6, 1859, and 33° at Boston, Dec. 15, 1860. He was made active member of Northern Supreme Council, July 12, 1861, and deputy for New York. He was historian of the Grand Lodge of New York; revised Mackey's Encyclopedia. d. Dec. 19, 1896.

John A. McClernand (1812-1900) Union Major General (brevet) in Civil War. b. May 30, 1812 in Breckenridge Co., Ky. At death of his father in 1816, his mother moved to Shawneetown, Ill. Here he practiced law and established the Shawneetown Democrat. In 1832 he served in the expeditions against the Sacs and Foxes. Served in the state legislature and in U.S. congress from Ill. from 184351 and 1858-61. He resigned from congress to raise the "McClernand brigade" for the war, and was named brigadier general of volunteers. He served at Fort Donelson, commanding the right of the Federal line; made major general in 1862; commanded a division at Battle of Shiloh; relieved General Sherman at Vicksburg in 1863; led the force that stormed and captured Arkansas Post; and was at Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Big Black River, and Vicksburg. He led the 13th Army corps until relieved in 1863, and resigned in 1864. Mason. d. Sept. 20, 1900.

George W. McClintic (1866-1942) Federal Judge, Southern District of West Virginia from 1921. b. Jan. 14, 1866 in Pocahontas Co., W. Va. Graduate of Roanoke Coll. (Va.) in 1883 and U. of Virginia in 1886. He practiced law at Charleston, W. Va. from 1888-21. Was member of lower house in W. Virginia in 1919-21. Received degrees in Kanawha Lodge No. 20, Charleston, W. Va. in 1890. Affiliated with Charleston Lodge No. 153 on Nov. 13, 1919 as a charter member. Was grand master of the Grand Lodge of West Virginia in 1905-06. d. Sept. 25, 1942.

Franc L. McCluer President of Lindenwood College (for women), St. Charles, Mo. since 1947. b. March 27, 1896 at O'Fallon, Mo. Graduate of Westminster Coll. (Fulton, Mo.) in 1916 and 1920, and Ph.D. from U. of Chicago in 1928. Taught in high school at Fulton, Mo. and at Westminster Coll., as well as U. of Chicago. Member of Missouri constitutional con-

164 Roy F. McConnell vention of 1943. He is a member of the board of arbitration of International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. Dimitted member of Fulton Lodge No. 48 and Orion Chapter No. 49, R.A.M., both of Fulton, Mo.

Samuel G. McClure (1863-1948) Newspaper editor and publisher. b. Aug. 9, 1863 in Wayne Co., Ohio. Graduate of College of Wooster in 1886 and 1889. Began as editorial writer on the Cleveland Leader in 1887. He was publisher and general manager of the Ohio State Journal (Columbus) 1896-1906; owner and publisher of Youngstown Telegram, 1906-22; same for Glendale (Calif.) Evening News, 1926-28; president of Southern Calif. Newspapers Assoc., 1928-32; owner and publisher of Santa Monica Outlook from 1933. Received degrees in Goodale Lodge No. 372, Ohio, being raised Feb. 17, 1905. Affiliated with Hillman Lodge No. 481, Youngstown, Ohio on April 3, 1909, dimitting from there on June 3, 1925 when moved to Calif. In Calif. he affiliated with Meridian Lodge No. 667, Glendale, and was suspended NPD on July 5, 1946. d. Dec. 25, 1948.

James McClurg (1747-1825) Physician and member of the convention of 1787 that framed the Federal Constitution. b. in Hampton, Va. He was a fellow-student with Thomas Jefferson at William and Mary Coll., graduating in 1762. Received medical degree at Edinburgh, Scotland in 1770, and studied in London and Paris. Returned to U.S. in 1773; practiced first at Williamsburg, and later Richmond, Va. He was a member of the Virginia council many years. He published several medical papers and some poetic works. A member of Williamsburg Lodge No. 6, he was appointed by that lodge to attend the convention of deputies on June 15 and Oct. 6, 1778 which organized the Grand Lodge of Virginia. d. July 9, 1825.

Earl McCollum (1889-1947) Newspaper publisher. b. June 7, 1889 in Henry Co., Iowa. Began as office boy with the Kansas City Star in 1903, and became president of same. Mason. d. Feb. 5, 1947.

Marshall F. McComb Justice, Supreme Court of California since 1956. b. May 6, 1894 at Denver, Colo. Graduate of Leland Stanford and Yale universities. Practiced law at Los Angeles from 1920. Judge of superior court, 1927-34; associate justice district court of appeal, 1937-56. Served in WWI as an ensign in the Navy. Member of Westlake Lodge No. 392, Los Angeles, and master in 1940. 32° and KCCH at Los Angeles AASR (SJ). Member of Al Malaikah Shrine Temple of Los Angeles and Al Bahr Temple of San Diego. Member of Supreme Council, Order of DeMolay.

Frank C. McConnell Brigadier General, U.S. Army. b. June 21, 1898 in Cicero, Ind. Graduate of Purdue U. in 1920. Commissioned second lieutenant in 1921, he advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1943. He has served in the Canal Zone, Southwest Pacific, Hawaii, Philippines, and European Theater headquarters. He was with anti-aircraft command of Army Ground Forces 1942-45; deputy commander of Philippine ground force command, 1946; commanding general 8th Infantry Division, 1950; commander of Camp Gordon, Ga., 1951; deputy commanding general 25th Infantry Division in Korea in 1952. He has been with the OSA, the Pentagon, since 1957. In 1952 he was a delegate of the U.N. Armistice Delegation. Mason.

Roy F. McConnell Vice President of Standard Oil, in charge of sales and director since 1945. b. Oct. 15, 1884 in Detroit, Mich. He has been with Standard Oil Co. since 1907, first as clerk, advancing as stock

clerk, superintendent of warehouse, chief clerk, assistant manager, manager (South Bend, Detroit), assistant general manager of divisions (Eastern, Northern, Western), general manager of sales. Mason.

Samuel K. McConnell, Jr. U.S. Congressman, 78th through 85th Congresses (1943-1958) from 16th and 13th Pa. dists. b. April 6, 1901 in Eddystone, Pa. Graduate of U. of Pennsylvania in 1923. Member and past master of Franklin Lodge No. 134, Philadelphia, Pa. Member of Tall Cedars of Lebanon at Norristown and Grotto at Philadelphia.

William J. McConnell (1839-1925) Governor of Idaho, 1893-96 and U.S. Senator, 1890-91. b. Sept. 18, 1839 in Commerce, Mich. He went to Calif. in 1860 and to Oregon in 1862; walked from Oregon to Boise City, Idaho Territory in 1863. He was deputy U.S. marshal of the territory in 1865-67. He returned to Calif. in 1867 and engaged in business in Humboldt Co. until he returned to Oregon and later, to Idaho. In 1882 he became a member and president of the Oregon state senate. He was a member of the Idaho constitutional convention of 1890 and one of its first U.S. senators, drawing the short term, 1890-91. He was U.S. Indian inspector, 1897-1901, and immigrant inspector from 1909. Member of Paradise Lodge No. 17, Moscow, Idaho. d. March 29, 1925.

Edwin S. McCook (1837-1873) Union Major General of Civil War and acting governor of Dakota. b. March 26, 1837 in Carrollton, Ohio. He was educated in the U.S. Naval Academy, but at the outbreak of the Civil War he raised a company for the 31st Illinois regiment and served with the same at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, where he was severely wounded. He fought throughout the Vicksburg, Chattanooga, and Atlanta Campaigns, and was under Shermanin the march to the sea. He was severely wounded three times and was brevetted both brigadier and major general of volunteers on March 13, 1865. While presiding over a public meeting, as acting governor of Dakota, he was shot and killed by a man in the audience. Member of Naval Lodge No. 69, New York City. d. Sept 11, 1873.

Jim Nance McCord Governor of Tennessee, 1944-49; U.S. Congressman to 78th Congress (1943-45). b. March 17, 1879 in Unionville, Tenn. He started as a hardware clerk in 1894; sold books and stationery; was a traveling salesman; editor and publisher of the Marshall Gazette (Lewisburg) from 1910 and is president of the Capitol Life Insurance Co. of Tenn., with headquarters at Nashville. He was a member of the Marshall County court for 27 years. Was mayor of Lewisburg for 25 years. A member of Dillahunty Lodge No. 112, Lewisburg, receiving degrees on April 13, May 11, and June 4, 1920; 32° AASR (SJ) in Trinity Consistory of Nashville and member of Al Menah Shrine Temple, Nashville.

Leon McCord (1878-1952) U.S. Judge, Court of Appeals, 5th circuit, from 1938. b. June 21, 1878 in Conyers, Ga. Began practice of law at Scottsboro, Ala. in 1900 and at Montgomery in 1901. Was secretary of supreme court of Ala., railroad commissioner, judge of circuit court. He was commander-in-chief of the United Spanish War Veterans in 1934-35. He had served as a private in the Texas volunteers in that war. Mason. d. Feb. 11, 1952.

Medill McCormick (1877-1925) U.S. Senator, 1919-25 and U.S. Congressman, 1917-19 from Illinois. b. May 16, 1877 in Chicago, Ill. Graduate of Yale in 1900. He was publisher of the Chicago Tribune. Member of Albany

166 Robert McCulloch Park Lodge No. 974, York and Scottish Rite bodies, and Medinah Shrine Temple, all of Chicago. d. Feb. 25, 1925.

Warren T. McCray (1865-1938) Governor of Indiana, 1921-25. b. Feb. 4, 1865 in Newton Co., Ind. He was a farmer, extensive grain shipper, and owner of Orchard Lake Stock Farm, Kentland—noted for its Hereford cattle. Received the degrees between 1915-17 in Newton Lodge No. 361, Kentland, Ind., and was suspended in 1925 for unmasonic conduct. d. Dec. 19, 1938.

James B. McCreary (1838-1918) Governor and U.S. Senator from Kentucky. b. July 8, 1838 in Richmond, Ky. Graduate of Centre College (Ky.) in 1857 and law degree from Cumberland U. (Tenn.) in 1859. Practiced law in Richmond, Ky. He entered the Confederate Army as a private in 1862 and attained the rank of lieutenant colonel. Member of state house of representatives, 1869-73, and twice speaker of the same. He was governor of Kentucky from 1875-79, 1912-16. In 1892 he was a delegate to the international monetary conference at Brussels, Belgium. He served in the U.S. congress from 1885-97. From 1903-09 he was U.S. senator from Kentucky. Member of Richmond Lodge No. 25 and Richmond Commandery No. 19, K.T., both of Richmond, Ky. d. Oct. 8, 1918.

Charles LeRoy McCuen Vice President of General Motors, 1940-47, and general manager of research laboratories. b. May 22, 1892 in Stockton, Calif. Graduate engineer, he was a design engineer with Packard 191617; Rickenbacker Motor Car Co., 192226; Olds Motor Works, 1926-32; with Buick and Olds, 1932-33; and general manager of Olds Motor Works, 193340. Mason, Knight Templar and Shriner.

Edgar A. McCulloch (1861-1933) Federal Trade Commissioner from 1927-33; Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Arkansas, 1909-27. b. Aug. 21, 1861 in Trenton, Tenn. Admitted to the bar in 1883 and practiced at Marianna, Ark., 1883-1904. Was justice of supreme court from 1904 and chief justice, 1909-27, resigning in latter year. Received degrees in Marianna Lodge No. 171 on Feb. 4, March 18, April 22, 1886 and was master in 1892-93. In 1908-09 he was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Arkansas. Member of Marianna Chapter No. 54, R.A.M.; Marianna Council No. 72, R. & S.M. and Apollo Commandery No. 11, K.T., all of Marianna, Ark. He served as grand high priest of the grand chapter in 1919; grand master of the grand council in 1912 and grand commander of the grand commandery in 1901. Received Scottish Rite degrees in Little Rock in May, 1925. d. Jan. 23, 1933.

Richard McCulloch (1869-1940) President of United Railways Co. of St. Louis from 1915. b. June 3, 1869 in St. Louis. Graduate of Washington U. (Mo.) in 1891. Was chief engineer of National Railway Co., St. Louis, 1893-99. From 1899-1901 he constructed electric railways in France and Switzerland. From 1901-04 he was assistant general manager of the Chicago City Railway Co. He joined the St. Louis system in 1904 as assistant general manager and was elected vice president in 1907, president in 1915. Member of Tuscan Lodge No. 360 and St. Louis Chapter No. 8, R.A.M., both of St. Louis. A son of Robert McCulloch, q.v. d. Aug. 28, 1940.

Robert McCulloch (1841-1914) President of United Railways Co. of St. Louis. b. Sept. 15, 1841 in Osceola, Mo. of Virginia lineage. Attended Virginia Military institute and served in the Confederate Army. He was wounded at the Battle of Manassas,

167 rorter AncLumoer and at Gettysburg was left lying on the field and listed as dead. He served as a captain under Col. Robert Withers in the 18th Va. Regiment. Withers later became grand master of the Grand Encampment, K.T. and it was Withers who presented McCulloch's petition to Natural Bridge Lodge No. 64 in Va. McCulloch later served as secretary and master of this lodge. In St. Louis he first affiliated with Aurora Lodge No. 267 and later Tuscan Lodge No. 360. He was exalted in O'Sullivan Chapter No. 40, R.A.M. (later Bellefontaine No. 25) and Hiram Council No. 1, R. & S.M., all of St. Louis. He was knighted in St. Aldemar Commandery No. 18, K.T., in 1875, served as commander and was grand commander of the Grand Cornmandery of Missouri in 1889. Scottish Rite member and Shriner in St. Louis. He was the father of Richard McCulloch, q.v.

Porter J. McCumber (1858-1933) U.S. Senator from North Dakota, 1899-1923. b. Feb. 3, 1858 in Crete, Ill. Graduate of U. of Michigan in 1880. From 1881-1900 he practiced law in Wahpeton, N. Dak. He served in the territorial house of representatives from 1885-89, and was state's attorney of Richland Co. in 1896-97. As a senator he was chairman of the finance committee in 1922-23, and helped Senator William P. Hepburn, q.v., push the pure food and drug act in 1906. After his senatorship, he practiced law in Washington, D.C., and from 1925 was a member of the International Joint Commission. Member of Wahpeton Lodge No. 15, Wahpeton, N. Dak., 32° AASR (SJ), and member of El Zagal Shrine Temple, Fargo. He was buried Masonically by Benjamin B. French Lodge No. 15, Washington, D.C., for his N. Dak. lodge. d. May 18, 1933.

Horace W. McCurdy Shipbuilder. b. July 30, 1899 in Port Townsend, Wash. Student at U. of Washington, U.S. Naval Steam Engineering School and B.S. from Mass. Institute of Tech. in 1922. He began with the Puget Sound Bridge and Dredging Co. in 1922 as a laborer, rising to vice president and general manager in 1929, and president and general manager since 1931. He was also chairman of executive committee of Pontoon Bridge Builders, 1938-39, Associated Shipbuilders, 1941-45. He is vice president and director of Pacific Dredging Co., Los Angeles; and director of Western Oxygen Co., and Seattle and Pacific National Bank, Seattle. Served in U.S. Navy in WWI. Received degrees in Mercer Island Lodge No. 297, Mercer Island, Wash., and presently member of George Washington Lodge No. 251, Seattle. Member of Oriental Chapter No. 19, R.A.M. and Seattle Commandery No. 2; 33° AASR (SJ) at Seattle and representative of the Supreme Council in Valley of Seattle. Also member of Nile Shrine Temple, Red Cross of Constantine, National Sojourners, Heroes of '76, and Royal Order of Scotland.

Hugh McCurdy (1829-1908) Sixteenth Grand Master of the Grand Encampment, K.T., U.S.A. b. Dec. 22, 1829 at Hamilton, Lanarkshire, Scotland. Received his degrees in Birmingham Lodge No. 44, Birmingham, Mich., Aug. 5 and 15, 1850. He organized Corunna Lodge No. 115, Corunna, Mich. on July 15, 1859 and was its first master. In 1873 he was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Michigan. He was knighted in Fenton Cornmandery No. 14, K.T., Fentonville, Mich. March 13, 1866. Previously he became a Royal Arch Mason in Washington Chapter No. 15, Flint, Feb. 5, 1864, and established Corunna Chapter No. 33, R.A.M. on Jan. 10, 1865, serving as its first high priest for six years. He was grand high priest of Michigan in 1871. Greeted in St. John's Council No. 21, R. & S.M., Dec.

18, 1866. Received 33° AASR (NJ) Nov. 18, 1873, and active member of Northern Jurisdiction on Sept. 27, 1883. Elected grand master of Grand Encampment on Aug. 11, 1892. d. July 16, 1908.

Robert G. McCutchan Hymnologist. b. Sept. 13, 1877 at Mt. Ayr, Iowa. Degrees in music from Simpson Coll., Southern Methodist U., and Southwestern U. Also studied in Berlin and Paris. Taught at Baker U., 1904-10, and organized their conservatory of music; was its director, 1906-10. Organized several summer schools of music in Md., Mich., and Ind. From 1911-37 he was dean of music at De Pauw U., and emeritus since 1937. He was a member of the commission on church music of the Methodist church from 1924-28, and in 1935 was editor of the Methodist Hymnal. He is the composer of many hymn tunes, and the author of Our Hymnody; Alders-gate, 1738-1938; Hymns in the Lives of Men; Better Music in Our Churches; Music in Worship; Early American Composers of Church Music and many others. Mason.

Alexander McDonald A Roman Catholic who was Fifth Grand Commander, Supreme Council, Southern Jurisdiction, 33° AASR from 1845-46. A merchant of Charleston, S. Car., he is thought to have been born in England. He was chairman of the committee on the building of the Masonic hall. It was destroyed by fire on April 27, 1838 before it was completed. He later secured another site and was on the building committee of the next temple. He was a vestryman of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church in 1824. He served as junior grand warden and senior grand warden (182627) of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina; grand lecturer, 1844; corresponding grand secretary in 1828-33 and 1842. In 1828 he was commander of South Carolina Commandery No.1, K.T. and deputy grand master of the South Carolina Encampment, K.T. He was captain of the Charleston Irish Volunteers in 1830, and alderman of Charleston, 1838-42 and 1845. He was grand high priest of the Grand Chapter, R.A.M. of South Carolina in 1830. He was elected grand commander of the Supreme Council on July 1, 1845, and "retired about Aug. 1, 1846." He seemingly left South Carolina about this time and it is thought he may have returned to England. In 1846 he was listed as warden of the South Carolina Encampment, but on Nov. 26, that body resolved that his name "be erased from the roll of this Encampment and that his shield be reversed.”

Robert C. McDonald (1881-1958) Physician and Brigadier General, U.S. Army. b. Feb. 18, 1881 in Crockett Co., Tenn. Received M.D. degree from Tulane U. in 1909, and was graduate of Army Medical School in 1911. Commissioned in 1910, he advanced through grades to brigadier general in 1945. In WWI he served with the 1st Infantry Division, with Army schools, and on staff of General Pershing, q.v. From 1921-25 and 1931-35 he was in the surgeon general's office. In WWII he was surgeon of 3rd Army, surgeon of 3rd Service Command, commanding officer of Army General Hospital, and surgeon of 4th Command (Atlanta, Ga.) . Chief surgeon U.S. Soldiers' Home from 1945. Retired from active duty in 1946. Member in good standing of Hancock Lodge No. 311, Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas at time of his death on March 17, 1958. National Sojourner.

James A. McDougall (1817-1867) U.S. Senator and Congressman from California. b. Nov. 19, 1817 in Bethlehem, N.Y. He studied law, was admitted to the bar, practicing in Cook Co., Ill. from 1837, and was attorney general of Ill. in 1842-46. He made ex-

169 Frank A. McElwain plorations in the Southwest, and finally settled in San Francisco, Calif. He was attorney general of Calif. from 1850-51. He served in the 33rd congress (1853-55) and in the U.S. senate from 1861-67. Received his degrees in Harmony Lodge No. 3, Jacksonville, Ill. in 1840 and affiliated with Oriental Lodge No. 33, Chicago in 1846. Also member of chapter and commandery. d. Sept. 3, 1867.

Frank A. McElwain (1875-1957) Protestant Episcopal Bishop. b. Dec. 14, 1875 in Warsaw, N.Y. Degrees from Trinity Coll. (Conn.), and Sea-bury Divinity School (Minn.). Made deacon in 1902, and priest in 1903, of Episcopal church; served pastorates in Missouri from 1902-05; and was associated with the Seabury School until 1912, when he was elected suffragan bishop of Minn. on May 23. On May 23, 1917 he was made bishop of Minn., and retired in 1943. Member of Lake Harriet Lodge No. 277, Minneapolis, Minn. receiving degrees on June 14, Oct. 11, 23, 1921. d. Sept. 19, 1957.

Louis T. McFadden (1876-1936) U.S. Congressman to 64th through 73rd Congresses (1915-35) from 15th Pa. dist. b. July 25, 1876 in Troy, Pa. Began as office boy in First National Bank of Canton, Pa. at 16 and rose to presidency in 1916. Member of Canton Lodge No. 415, Canton, Pa., receiving degrees on Oct. 8, Nov. 9, and Dec. 7, 1897. d. Oct. 1, 1936.

Edward F. McFaddin Justice, Supreme Court of Arkansas from 1943. b. Dec. 30, 1894 in Hope, Ark. Holds degrees from Hardin-Simmons U., U. of Texas, and Columbia U. Admitted to bar in 1916, and practiced at Hope, Ark. from 1919-42. He was assistant attorney general of Arkansas in 1926. Captain in A.E.F. in WWI. Member of Whitfield Lodge No. 239, Hope, Ark., receiving degrees on Sept. 30 and Dec. 1, 1917. Grand orator of Grand Lodge of Arkansas in 1954-55. Member of Fay Hempstead Chapter No. 144, R.A.M., Occidental Council No. 1, R. & S.M., Hugh de Payens Cornmandery No. 1, K.T., and 32° AASR (SJ), all in Little Rock.

Ernest W. McFarland U.S. Senator, 1941-53, and Governor of Arizona since 1955. b. Oct. 9, 1894 in Earlsboro, Okla. Holds degrees from U. of Oklahoma (1917) and Stanford U. (1921 and 1922). He taught rural school in Seminole Co., Okla., worked in a bank in Phoenix, Ariz., and was admitted to bar in 1920, practicing in Casa Grande. He was assistant attorney general of Ariz. and county attorney and judge of the superior court of Pinal Co. In WWI he served in the Navy. Member of Pinal Lodge No. 30, Casa Grande, Ariz. 32° AASR, Shriner, and Jester.

Harvey McGehee Justice, Supreme Court of Mississippi since 1937. b. June 11, 1887 in Little Springs, Miss. Graduate of Mississippi Coll. (Clinton) in 1908. Admitted to the bar in 1916. Was county prosecuting attorney, 1909-10, and member of state senate 1916-20; chancery judge, 1926-28, and circuit judge, 1933-37. Former member of Monticello Lodge No. 610, Monticello, Miss.

James B. McGhee Associate Justice, Supreme Court of New Mexico since 1947. b. Oct. 6, 1888 in Vernon, Texas. He was a court stenographer, 1912-20, was admitted to the bar in 1919, and practiced in Carlsbad, Clovis and Roswell, N. Mex. until 1933. On this date he was appointed judge of the 5th judicial district, and elected subsequently until he took seat on the supreme court bench. Raised in Roswell Lodge No. 18, Roswell, N. Mex. in 1915. 32° AASR (SJ) at Santa Fe, and member of Ballut Abyad Shrine Temple, Albuquerque.

170 E. Clyde McGraw George McGill U.S. Senator from Kansas, 1930-39. b. Feb. 12, 1879 in Lucas Co., Iowa. Graduate of Central Normal Coll. (Kans.). Admitted to bar in 1902, he practiced at Wichita. Was chairman of Kansas Democratic State Convention, 1924, and delegate at large to national conventions of 1928, 1936, and 1944. Mason and Shriner.

Alexander McGillivray (1740-1793) Chief of the Creek and Seminole Indians; British Colonel; Spanish and American General. b. in 1740 of a Scotch father and Creek mother, whose father was a French officer of Spanish descent. It has been stated that McGillivray's character reflected the traits of the four bloods—the polished urbanity of the Frenchman, the duplicity of the Spaniard, the sagacity of the Scotchman, and the subtlety of the Indian. He received a classical education from his father's brother, a Presbyterian clergyman of Charleston, but on reaching manhood, turned to his mother's people. He eventually became head of the Creeks, and their allies, the Seminoles and Chickamaugas, and could thereby bring 10,000 warriors into the field. He sided with the British in the Revolution, and Georgia confiscated his lands. This made him a bitter enemy, and he led a long war against the western settlers. After the war, he sided with the Spanish of Florida and .aided in many raids. He was invited to New York by none other than George Washington, together with 28 of his chiefs. Before leaving, he wrote a letter to the Spanish, telling them he would remain faithful to them in spite of any treaty that might be signed. The U.S. gave him $100,000 for his confiscated property and a commission as major general in the U.S. Army. On his return, he at once began new raids and continued them until his death. General James Rob-ertson, who opposed him militarily on many occasions said: "The Spaniards are devils, and the biggest devil among them is the half-Spaniard, half-Frenchman, half-Scotchman and altogether Creek scoundrel, McGillivray." It is not known where he received his degrees, but on his death, Feb. 17, 1793, he was buried with Masonic honors in Panton's Garden, Pensacola, Fla.

Francis E. McGovern (1866-1946) Governor of Wisconsin, 1911-15. b. Jan. 21, 1866 near Elkhart, Wis. Graduate of U. of Wisconsin in 1890. He was principal and superintendent of schools at Broadhead and Appleton, Wis., from 1890-97, being admitted to bar in latter year, and practicing at Milwaukee. Served in WWI. Served in 1920 as general counsel of U.S. Shipping Board and Emergency Fleet Corp., Washington, returning to private practice. Received degrees in Waverly Lodge No. 51, Appleton, Wis. on Jan. 19, March 2, and April 6, 1897 and affiliated with LaFayette Lodge No. 265, Milwaukee, on March 6, 1899. 32° AASR (NJ). d. May 16, 1946.

James G. McGowen (1870-1940) Justice, Supreme Court of Mississippi from 1925. b. Sept. 19, 1870 in Nesbitt, Miss. Practiced law in Water Valley, Miss. A prominent layman of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, he was a delegate to the general conference seven times, and to the ecumenical conference of world Methodism at Atlanta in 1932. He was a member of the committee on unification of the churches from 1916-20, and a delegate to the uniting conference of Methodists in 1939. Member of Valley City Lodge No. 402, Water Valley, Miss., receiving degrees on Jan. 11, Feb. 26, 1914 and March 5, 1915. Served as junior warden in 1924. d. Dec. 26, 1940.

171 John H. McGraw since 1957. b. Dec. 15, 1903 in Elwood, Nebr. Graduate of U. of Nebraska in 1927. He was with the Western Public Service Co. from 1927-37 as an engineer, superintendent, and district superintendent. From 1937-41 was general superintendent of the Texas-New Mexico Utilities Co. With utility companies in the East (president of Montauk Electric, and vice-president of Haverhill Gas Light) until he became vice president of Transcontinental in 1950, executive vice president in 1955, and president in 1957. Raised in Bethany Lodge, Lincoln, Nebr. in 1922, and now member of Samaritan Lodge No. 158, Chadron, Nebr. 1Viember of Oregon Trail Chapter No. 65, R.A.M., Gering, Nebr. and Zerubbabel Council No. 27, R. & S.M., Chadron, Nebr.

John H. McGraw (1850-1910) Governor of Washington, 1893-97. b. Oct. 4, 1850 in Penobscot Co., Maine. He went to Washington Territory in 1876, and was admitted to the bar in 1886. He was president of the First National Bank, Seattle, 1890-97, and after that an investment broker. Served as sheriff of King Co. for eight years and was president of the Seattle Chamber of Commerce. Member of St. John's Lodge No. 9, Seattle. d. 1910.

Gordon R. McGregor President of Trans-Canadian Air Lines since 1948. b. Sept. 26, 1901 in Montreal, Quebec. Student at St. Andrew's Coll. and McGill U. He was with Bell Telephone Co. from 1923-39 in engineering, and later as district manager at Kingston and Montreal. Has been with Trans-Canadian since 1945, advancing from general traffic manager. In WWII he served with the R.C.A.F., commanding the 401st and 402nd squadrons, X-Wing and 126th Wing. Was on staff of 83rd Group, Normandy, 1943-44. Demobilized as a group captain andreceived Order of British Empire, Distinguished Flying Cross, Croix de Guerre, and decorations from other foreign countries including the Netherlands and Czechoslovakia. Member of St. John Lodge No. 3, Kingston, Ont., Canada from 1933; 14° AASR in Kingston Lodge of Perfection, 1936.

J. Harry McGregor (1896-1958), U.S. Congressman to 76th through 85th Congresses, (1939-58) from 17th Ohio dist. b. Sept. 30, 1896 in Union-port, Ohio. Educated at West Lafayette Coll. and Oberlin Coll. (1915-17). He served in the Field Artillery in WWI. He began as a lumber dealer in 1918, becoming a contractor after the war, specializing in road building. Recognized as an expert on highway matters, he was chairman of the committee of roads in the 83rd congress. Raised in West Lafayette Lodge No. 602, West Lafayette, Ohio on March 18, 1918, he was master in 1926 and district deputy grand master of the Grand Lodge of Ohio four years. Exalted in Samaritan Chapter No. 50, R.A.M. on July 10, 1918: greeted in Coshocton Council No. 110, R. & S.M. in Jan., 1919; knighted in Coshocton Commandery No. 63, K.T. Sept. 10, 1919—all of Coshocton, Ohio. He received the 32° AASR (NJ) at Columbus in Nov., 1942 and the 33° less than -two weeks before his death. Member of the Aladdin Shrine Temple. d. Oct. 7, 1958.

Edgar L. McHaney (1876-1948) Justice, Supreme Court of Arkansas, 1927-48. b. Nov. 6, 1876 at Gibson, Tenn. Graduate of Southern Normal U. (Tenn.), and U. of Arkansas. Was superintendent of schools at DeWitt and Piggott, Ark., settling in Little Rock in 1902. Admitted to bar in 1904. Served in house of representatives in 1921 and was deputy secretary of state from 1902-08. Member of Trinity Lodge No. 694, Little Rock, Ark. d. May 24, 1948.

172 Douglas McKay Powell B. McHaney (1905-1957) President of General American Life Insurance Co., St. Louis, Mo. from 1951. b. June 30, 1905 in White Oak, Mo. Graduate of U. of Missouri and Harvard. Admitted to the bar in 1928, he was assistant attorney general of Mo. in 1933. He specialized in insurance law, and in 1942 became vice president and general counsel of General American, executive vice president in 1950, president in 1951. A director in many companies including Anheuser-Busch and Southwestern Bell Telephone Co. Member of Tuscan Lodge No. 360, St. Louis, receiving degrees on Sept. 19, 1944; May 19, 1945 and June 4, 1946. d. Dec. 4, 1957.

James McHenry (1753-1816) Secretary of War; private secretary to Washington and Lafayette; member of Constitutional Convention. b. Nov. 16, 1753 in Ireland. Educated in Dublin and came to Philadelphia in 1771, where he studied medicine under Dr. Benjamin Rush. He accompanied Washington to the camp at Cambridge, joined the army as assistant surgeon in Jan., 1776, and later was surgeon to the 5th Pennsylvania battalion. He was made prisoner at Fort Washington and exchanged in spring of 1778. On May 15th of that year he was made secretary to Washington and he remained a trusted friend and advisor to him the rest of his life. In 1780 he was transferred to the staff of Lafayette, where he remained until the close of the war. He was in the Maryland senate in 1781-86, and concurrently, from 1783-86 was a member of the Continental Congress. In 1787 he was a member of the Constitutional Convention and labored to secure its ratification. In 1796 he became a member of Washington's cabinet as secretary of War. Fort McHenry was named in his honor. He was a member of Spiritual Lodge No. 23 of Baltimore, Md. d. May 3, 1816.

Ross T. McIntire Vice Admiral and Surgeon General, U.S. Navy, 1938-46; White House physician, 193345. b. Aug. 11, 1889 in Salem, Oreg. Received M.D. degree from Willamette U. (Oreg.) in 1912, and also studied at U. of Oregon, Washington U. (Mo.). Began practice in Oregon in 1912, and was commissioned lieutenant (j.g.) in Medical Corps, U.S. Navy in 1917. He is a specialist in ophthalmology and otolaryngology. He is chairman of the Red Cross blood program. From 1947-54 he was chairman of the president's commission on employment of physically handicapped. Since 1955 he has been executive director of International College of Surgeons. Mason and Shriner.

Clifford G. McIntire U.S. Congressman to 82nd through 86th Congresses from 3rd dist. of Maine. b. May 4, 1908 in Perham, Maine. Graduate of U. of Maine in 1930. Engaged in farming near Perham since 1930. From 1933-47 he was an appraiser, supervisor and regional manager for the Farm Credit Adm. in Springfield, Mass. and from 1947-51 was assistant general manager of the Maine Potato Growers, Inc. at Presque Isle. Elected to 82nd Congress on Oct. 22, 1951, to fill vacancy. Member of Washburn Lodge No. 193, Washburn; Garfield Chapter No. 48, R.A.M. at Caribou; St. Aldemar Commandery No. 17, K.T., Houlton, and Anah Shrine Temple at Bangor, Maine.

Douglas McKay (1893-1959) Secretary of Interior in Eisenhower cabinet, 1953-56; Governor of Oregon, 1949-53. b. June 24, 1893 in Portland, Oreg. Agriculture graduate of Oregon State Coll. in 1917; from 1909-13 he was a paper carrier and office boy for Union Pacific Railroad. From 1920-27 he was an automobile salesman in Portland, and from 1927 was a dealer for Chevrolet and Cadillac at Salem. He was mayor of Salem in 1933-34. He

173 William R. McKay served in the state senate from 193537, 1939-41, 1943-45 and 1947-49. In WWI he was a lieutenant with the 91st Infantry division and was wounded in the Meuse-Argonne offensive. In WWII he was on vacation in Hawaii, on December 7th, when the Japanese hit Pearl Harbor. He organized a home guard unit at Pearl Harbor and later served as a captain and major in the Service Command. From 1957 he was a member of the International Joint Commission, representing U.S. and Canada. He received his degrees in Washington Lodge No. 46, Portland on Dec. 8, 1923, Jan. 12, and Feb. 27, 1924. He affiliated with Salem Lodge No. 4, Salem, Oreg. on May 4, 1928, and was master in 1933. In 1957 he was grand orator of the Grand Lodge of Oregon. Member of Multonomah Chapter No. 1, RA.M., Hodson Council No. 1, R. & S.M. and DeMolay Commandery No. 5, K.T. all of Salem; 32° AASR (SJ) at Salem; Member of Al Kader Shrine Temple Portland, Portland Court No. 29, Royal Order of Jesters, and St. Lawrence Concave No. 26, Red Cross of Constantine. d. July 23, 1959.

William R. McKay (1895-1954) Judge, Superior Court of California, 1941-54. Orphaned at five years, he was reared in an orphan's home and educated by older brother. Graduate of U. of California and Stanford U. He was a graduate chemist as well as lawyer. He entered law practice in Hanford, Calif., and in 1932 was named to the municipal court of Los Angeles. Mason. In 1934 he received the Legion of Honor from the Order of DeMolay for his work in fighting juvenile delinquency, and in 1950 he was grand master of the Order. Raised in Welcome Lodge No. 255, Calif. on March 13, 1919. d. Dec. 7, 1954.

Samuel McKean (1787-1841) U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania, 1833-39.b. April 7, 1787 in Bradford Co., Pa. Was in the mercantile business at Burlington, Pa. Member of state legislature in 1815-19; secretary of state under Governor Wolf. He was a major general of state militia. He served in the 18th through 20th U.S. congresses (1823-29). He was a member of his state senate in 1829-30. Member of Mount Moriah Lodge No. 150, Troy, Pa. serving at one time as senior warden. d. Dec. 14, 1841.

Thomas McKean (1734-1817) Signer of Declaration of Independence. b. March 19, 1734 in New London, Pa. Admitted to the bar before he was 21. In 1752 he was elected to the Delaware general assembly and held that office for 17 successive years, during the latter years residing in Philadelphia. In 1765 he was elected to the Stamp-Act Congress and berated the timid souls of the congress who refused to sign it, including Timothy Ruggles, president of the body. As a result, a duel between the two was arranged in the session of congress. Ruggles, however, left the next morning before daybreak. McKean was a member of the Continental Congress from 1774 until 1783, being the only member serving from its opening until peace. He was president of congress in 1781. Although his name was signed to the original Declaration of Independence, it did not appear on the printed copy due to a "printer's error. After the signing, he marched at the head of a battalion to Perth Amboy, N.J. to reinforce Washington. In 1777 he was acting in the double capacity of president of Delaware and chief justice of Pennsylvania. In 1776 he drew up the constitution for the state of Delaware, completing it in one night. He was governor of Pennsylvania from 1799-1808. He was vice president of the Pennsylvania Society of the Cincinnati. Although his lodge is not known, he is recorded as a visitor to Perseverance Lodge No. 21,

174 James A. McKenzie Harrisburg, Pa. Roberdo Buchanan, biographer of the McKean family also stated that he was a Freemason. d. June 24, 1817.

Theodore R. McKeldin Governor of Maryland since 1951. b. Nov. 20, 1900 in Baltimore. Graduate of U. of Maryland in 1926 and admitted to the bar that year. He taught in the public schools of Baltimore and served as secretary to Mayor Broening. From 1931-43 he practiced law, and was mayor of Baltimore from 1943-47. Returned to law practice in 1947. He was the unsuccessful Republican candidate for governor in 1942 and 1946. In 1952 he put Eisenhower's name for presidential nomination before the Republican committee at Eisenhower's request. Member of Tuscan Lodge No. 202, Druid Chapter No. 28, R.A.M., Monumental Commandery No. 3, K.T., 32° AASR (SJ) and KCCH, Boumi Shrine Temple, Baltimore Forest No. 45, Tall Cedars of Lebanon, Patterson Chapter No. 19, O.E.S., all of Baltimore, Md.

Kenneth D. McKeller U.S. Senator from Tennessee, 1916-53 and U.S. Congressman, 1913-17 from 10th Tenn. dist. b. Jan. 29, 1869 in Richmond, Ala. Received three degrees from the U. of Alabama. Member of Lelia Scott Lodge No. 289, Memphis. Received the Scottish Rite degrees at Memphis in Oct., 1926 and made KCCH in Oct., 1943.

Samuel R. McKelvie (1881-1956) Governor of Nebraska, 1919-23. b. April 15, 1881 in Fairfield, Nebr. Attended business college and U. of Nebraska. Was with the Bee Publishing Co. of Omaha from 1902-05. He became editor of the Nebraska Farmer in 1905 and has been owner and publisher since 1908. Member of state house of representatives from 1911-13 and lieutenant governor from 1913-15. Member of Lincoln Lodge No. 19, Lincoln, Nebr., receiving degreeson Sept. 12, 1905 and April 23, May 16, 1907. d. Jan. 6, 1956.

Roy C. McKenna (1883-1958) Steel company executive. b. March 7, 1883 in Pittsburgh, Pa. Graduate of U. of Pittsburgh in 1903. Was a partner of McKenna Brass & Mfg. Co. from 190326 and president from 1926-37. He was president of Vanadium-Alloys Steel Co., 1915-43, and chairman of the board since 1943. He is also president of Anchor Drawn Steel Co., and vice president of Colonial Steel Co. and Vanadium-Alloys Steel Societa Italiana. Raised in Dallas Lodge No. 508, Pittsburgh, Pa. on April 14, 1905 and became charter member of Belle-field Lodge No. 680 on March 11, 1915, serving as trustee from 1915-20. Member of Shiloh Chapter No. 257, R.A.M.; Tancred Commandery No. 48, K.T., Syria Shrine Temple and Pittsburgh Court No. 2, Royal Order of Jesters, all of Pittsburgh. Received 32° AASR (NJ) on Nov. 22, 1917 and 33° Sept. 28, 1955. d. July 12, 1958.

Charles E. McKenzie (1896-1956) U.S. Congressman to 78th and 79th Congresses (1943-47) from 5th La. dist. b. Oct. 3, 1896 at Pelican, La. Entered oil business in Texas in 1919, returning to Monroe, La. in 1921. He was president of McKenzie and Mouk, Inc. and McKenzie & Co., Inc. Member of Western Star Lodge No. 24, Monroe, La., receiving degrees on May 29, July 15 and Nov. 6, 1924. Received 25-year-certificate Dec. 9, 1949. d. June 7, 1956.

James A. McKenzie (1840-1904) Diplomat and U.S. Congressman. b. Aug. 1, 1840 in Christian Co., Ky. He was educated in law, but turned to farming. In 1867-71 he was a member of the state legislature and U.S. congressman from Ky., 1877-83. From 1893-97 he was U.S. minister to Peru. Served in the Confederate Army. In congress he was the author of the bill putting quinine on the free list, from

175 John McKenzie which he received the sobriquet of "Quinine Jim." He was secretary of state of Kentucky during Governor Knott's administration; commissioner from Ky. to the World's Fair in Chicago. He was made a Mason in James Moore Lodge No. 230 in 1862 and later a charter member of Long View Lodge No. 416, serving as master in 1867-69. He was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Kentucky in 1891. He was exalted in Chapter No. 14, R.A.M. in 1868 and knighted in Clarksville, Tenn. in 1870. d. June 25, 1904 and buried with Masonic honors.

John McKenzie (1745-1795) Brother of Sir Alexander McKenzie, the explorer and pioneer of the Hudson's Bay Co. His tombstone in the cemetery at Summerstown, near Cornwall, Ont., Canada, reads: "This stone is erected by the members of The Union Lodge in memory of the late Capt. John McKenzie, their worthy friend and brother, who was born in Stoma-way on the Isle of Lewis, N. Britain, and departed this life the 7th August, 1795. Age 50 years.”

John C. McKenzie (1860-1941) U.S. Congressman to 62nd through 68th Congresses (1911-25) from 13th Ill. dist. b. Feb. 18, 1860 in Jo Daviess Co., Ill. Admitted to the bar and practiced at Elizabeth, Ill. Served three terms in state senate (1900-11) and president one term. In congress he was chairman of the Muscle Shoals inquiry. Received the degrees in Kavanaugh Lodge No. 36, Elizabeth, Ill. on Nov. 11, 25, 1899 and Jan. 6, 1900. d. Sept. 17, 1941.

William McKinley ( 1 8 4 3 - 1 9 0 1 ) Twenty-fifth President of the United States, 1896-1901. b. Jan. 29, 1843 in Niles, Ohio. Educated at Poland Academy and Allegheny Coll. He taught in public schools, and at the outset of the Civil War, enlisted as a private in the 23rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry, rising through grades to captain in 1864, andbrevetted major by President Lincoln on March 13, 1865, for gallantry in battle. Following the war he took a course at the Albany (N.Y.) Law School and was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1867, settling at Canton. He was U.S. congressman from Ohio from 1876-91. An advocate of high protective tariff, he was chairman of the committee on ways and means that reported the tariff bill of 1890, known as the "McKinley Bill." When his district was changed by a Democratic legislature, he was defeated for congress in 1890. He was with the organization directed by Marcus Hanna, Republican politician of Cleveland. He was elected governor of Ohio for two successive terms, 1892-96. He was elected president in 1896 by a popular plurality of 600,000 votes and in 1900 with plurality of 849,000 votes. He was shot by the anarchist, Leon Czolgosz, on Sept. 6, 1901 at Buffalo, N.Y. and died Sept. 14. Although a Union Army major, he received his degrees in a southern lodge during the war. He was protecting and managing the army hospital at Winchester, Va., and was struck by the ties which he saw existing between the Union surgeons and Confederate prisoners. When he learned the reason for such a brotherly spirit in spite of war and hatred, he asked to be admitted to the Craft. His petition was presented to Hiram Lodge No. 21 of Winchester and he was initiated May 1, 1865, passed May 2, and raised May 3. J. B. T. Reed, a Confederate chaplain, served in the East. On Aug. 21, 1867 he affiliated with Canton Lodge No. 90, Canton, Ohio and on June 2, 1868 became a charter member of Eagle Lodge No. 431 of Canton—it was later named William McKinley Lodge in his honor. A member of Canton Chapter No. 84, R.A.M., he received the Mark, Past and Most Excellent degrees on Dec. 27, 1883 and the Royal Arch on Dec. 28. He received the commandery orders on Dec. 18, 23, 1884 in Canton

176 Walter M. McKinney Commandery No. 38, K.T. On Dec. 23, 1896 he was elected a life member of Washington Commandery No. 1, K.T., Washington, D.C. During the early part of his congressional career he was a frequent visitor to the lodges of the District. He was grand orator at the dedication of the Masonic Temple, Canton, on June 25, 1890; and on Dec. 14, 1899, while president, he delivered an address at the Masonic fraternity's centennial anniversary of the death of Washington. On Feb. 7, 1900 a delegation headed by J. T. Taylor, master of Columbia Lodge No. 2397, London, England, visited the White House and presented him an engrossed certificate of membership in the English lodge. On May 22, 1901 he attended a reception given in his honor by California Commandery No. 1, San Francisco. The gold invitation card presented to him is now in the library of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania and was presented on May 12, 1913 by John Wanamaker, q.v. While visiting in Adams, Mass., Sept. 7, 1897, McKinley received the brethren of Berkshire Lodge and autographed the record book of that lodge. He was made an honorary member of the Illinois Masonic Veterans' Association on Oct. 28, 1898; on his death this group presented a gold memorial plate to his widow. He was an honorary member of the New York Veterans' Association. On Oct. 23, 1899 he tendered a reception to the Supreme Council, AASR (SJ) at the White House. On May 23, 1900 he received the members of the Mystic Shrine at a reception at the White House, during an Imperial Council meeting in Washington. In speaking at the centennial of Washington's death he said: "We have just participated in a service commemorative of the one hundredth anniversary of the death of George Washington. Here at his home, which he loved so well, and which the patriotic women of the country have guarded with loving hands, exercises are conducted under the auspices of the great fraternity of Freemasons, which a century ago, planned and executed the solemn ceremonial which attended the Father of his Country to his tomb. . . . Masons throughout the United States testify anew their reverence for the name of Washington and the inspiring example of his life . .. the Fraternity justly claims the immortal patriot as one of its members; the whole human family acknowledges him as one of the greatest benefactors." Five cornmanderies of Knights Templar escorted McKinley's remains from the White House to the Capitol on Sept. 17, 1901 and at the immense funeral on the 19th, 2,000 Knights Templar in uniform formed the fourth division of the funeral escort.

William B. McKinley (1856-1926) U.S. Senator and Congressman from Illinois. b. Sept. 5, 1856 in Petersburg, Ill. He was in the banking and mortgage business and operated public utilities from 1877. He was U.S. congressman to 59th through 62nd congresses (1905-13), and 64th through 66th congresses (1915-21) from 19th Ill. dist. He was U.S. senator from 1921-27. Member of Western Star Lodge No. 240, Champaign, Ill. 32° AASR (NJ) and member of Medinah Shrine Temple, Chicago. d. Dec. 7, 1926.

Walter M. McKinney (1889-1952) American foreign service officer. b. Sept. 6, 1889 in Sault Ste Marie, Mich. He served as U.S. consul in Bordeaux, France; Vigo, Spain; Yarmouth, N.S., Canada. Was secretary of American legation at Guatemala City; consul in Sheffield and London, England and Barcelona, Spain; and consul general at Winnipeg, Man., Canada. Member of Bethel Lodge No. 358, Sault Ste Marie, Mich., receiving degrees on Dec. 10, 1919, Feb. 24, and Nov. 30, 1920. d. April 13, 1952.

177 Addis E. McKinstry Addis E. McKinstry (1870-1941) President of International Harvester Co., 1933-35. b. Jan. 27, 1870 near Eaton, Ohio. Began in employ of Wm. Deering & Co., Chicago in 1886. From 1916-20 he was division manager of International Harvester; vice president and director, 1920-32; first vice president and director, 1932-33. Chairman of executive committee and director from 1935. Received his degrees in Alpha Lodge No. 155, Galesburg, Ill. on Feb. 21, March 5 and 21, 1896. d. March 21, 1941.

John McKinstry American Colonel in Revolutionary War. It is claimed that as a captain at the Battle of The Cedars (Canada) on May 20, 1776, he was taken prisoner, and that when about to be killed, gave a Masonic sign of distress and was saved by the Indian Chief, Joseph Brant, q.v. McKinstry was a charter member of Hudson Lodge No. 7, Hudson, N.Y. on March 7, 1787. Hayden's Leaflets of Masonic Biography, which uses the story in quotes, states: "At the battle of The Cedars, 30 miles above Montreal in 1776, Colonel McKinstry, then a captain in Patterson's regiment of Continental troops, was twice wounded, and afterward taken prisoner by the Indians employed in the British services ... already he had been fastened to the fatal tree, and the preparations for the human sacrifice were rapidly proceeding, when, in the agony of despair, and scarcely conscious of a hope, the captive made the great mystic appeal to a Mason in the hour of danger. It was seen and understood by the Chieftain Brant, who was present on the occasion. Brant at once interfered in his behalf, and succeeded, by the influence of his position, in rescuing his American brother from his impending fate. Having freed him from his bonds, he conducted and guarded him in safety to Quebec, where he placed him in the hands of the English, by whomhe was permitted to return to his home on parole." It is said that Brant's friendship with McKinstry continued throughout their lives, and that Brant visited him at his home in Greendale, N.Y. In 1805 they attended Hudson Lodge No. 7 in Hudson, N.Y. together. W. L. Stone, author of The Life of Joseph Brant, knew McKinstry, and reported that he always spoke in glowing terms of his Indian benefactor. There is some question whether Brant was at the Battle of The Cedars, as it is possible that he was in England or on a ship returning from England. Other sources say the incident happened at the Battle of Oriskany rather than The Cedars.

Anthony F. McKissick (1869-1938) Cotton manufacturer. b. June 10, 1869 in Union, S. Car. Graduate of U. of South Carolina and Cornell U. He was president of Grendel Mills at Greenwood, 1901-18; of "Ninety Six" Cotton Mills, 1906-17; and vice president of Alice Mills at Easley from 1923. Was railroad and bank director. Affiliated with Recovery Lodge No. 31, Greenville, S. Car, on Oct. 18, 1920. d. April 8, 1938.

J. Rion McKissick (1884-1944) University president and editor. b. Oct. 13, 1844 in Union, S. Car. Graduate of South Carolina Coll., College of Charleston, Harvard Law School, and U. of Wisconsin. Was a reporter and editorial writer for Richmond Times Dispatch, 1909-14. Admitted to the bar in 1914, and practiced at Greenville. He was editor of Greenville News, 1916-19, and Greenville Piedmont, 1919-26. From 1926-36 he was dean of the school of journalism of the U. of South Carolina, and then president of that institution. Made a Mason "at sight" by the grand master of South Carolina in 1937; 32° AASR. d. Sept. 3, 1944.

178 Louis McLane James D. McLachlan British Major General in WWI. Member of Dramatic and Arts Lodge No. 757, Edinburgh, Scotland in 1895. He was made an honorary member of Temple Noyes Lodge No. 32, Washington, D.C. on Feb. 28, 1918 and of Almas Shrine Temple, Washington, on Oct. 24, 1918.

Victor McLaglen Motion picture actor. b. in 1886 at Turnbridge Wells, England. He began as a motion picture actor in England in 1920; he came to Hollywood in 1924, where he first starred in Cockeyed World, and as Captain Flagg in What Price Glory. He appeared in more than 135 pictures including Sea Devils; Wee Willie Winkie; Battle of Broadway; Gunga Din; Laughing at Life; China Girl; Roger Touhy; Last of the Gangsters; Tampico; Fort Apache; and She Wore a Yellow Ribbon. He received the Academy Award in 1936 for his role in The Informer. From 1914-18 he served as provost marshal of Bagdad, Iraq. He is the author of Express to Hollywood, an autobiography. Owned a 1,000 acre ranch near Clovis, Calif. on which he raised pure bred Jersey cattle. Member of Los Angeles Lodge No. 42, Los Angeles, Calif. Received 32° AASR (SJ) in Long Beach on Dec. 5, 1930.

Allan McLane (1746-1829) Revolutionary soldier and jurist. b. Aug. 8, 1746. He took an early part in the American Revolution, and in 1775 was a volunteer in the Great Bridge fight near Norfolk, Va., where the Virginia militia repelled an assault of 600 British with a loss of 55 to the enemy and only one patriot wounded. He joined Rodney's Delaware regiment as a lieutenant, fought gallantly at the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Princeton, Monmouth, and Yorktown, retiring from the army at close of war as a colonel. In personal combat with three British dragoons near Frankford, Pa., he killed one, wound-ed another, and compelled the third to flee. After the war he was made judge of the court of appeals of Delaware, and in 1790 Washington appointed him U.S. marshal of that state, a post he held until 1798. In 1808 he was appointed collector of the port of Wilmington and held that office until his death. He became a member of Lodge No. 2, Philadelphia, on Dec. 3, 1778, and was senior deacon in 1780. Later he was reported a member of Lodge No. 18, Dover, Del. He was the father of Louis McLane, q.v. d. May 22, 1829.

John McLane (1852-1911) Governor of New Hampshire, 1905-06. b. Feb. 27, 1852 in Lennoxtoun, Scotland. He learned trade of cabinet-maker, and from 1876 was a manufacturer of postoffice furniture and equipment. Was president of McLane Mfg. Co. Served one term in the lower house of N.H. and two in senate, being president of the latter in both terms. Member of Benevolent Lodge No. 7, Milford, N.H., receiving degrees on May 18, July 13, and Sept. 14, 1875; master in 1882-83 and grand master of the Grand Lodge of New Hampshire in 1898-99. Exalted in King Solomon's Chapter No. 17, R.A.M., Milford, on Oct. 7, 1881; greeted in Israel Hunt Council, R. & S.M., Nashua, March 21, 1884; knighted in St. George Cornmandery, K.T., Nashua, on April 6, 1882. Member of New Hampshire Consistory, AASR (NJ) at Nashua; 33°, honorary Sept. 18, 1900 and active member Sept. 23, 1909. d. April 13, 1911.

Louis McLane (1786-1857) Secretary of Treasury; Secretary of State; U.S. Senator; U.S. Congressman; Minister to England; President of Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. b. May 28, 1786 in Smyrna, Del., the son of Allan McLane, q.v., an officer of the Revolution. He entered the navy as a midshipman at age of 12 and cruised one

179 Melvin 0. McLaughlin year on the Philadelphia. under Stephen Decatur, q.v. In 1801 he left the navy and entered Newark Coll. (Del.) He later studied law, was admitted to the bar, and practiced in Smyrna. In the War of 1812 he served as a volunteer in Caesar A. Rodney's, q.v., company at the defense of Baltimore in 1814 (McLane's father had served under Rodney's father in the Revolution). He was a member of U.S. congress from Del., 1817-27, and voted against the admission of slavery into Missouri and territories. From 182729 he was U.S. senator, resigning to accept appointment as minister to England, and holding that post until 1831. He resigned the ministership to become secretary of the Treasury from 1831-33. When he refused to sanction the removal of deposits from the Bank of the U.S., he was made secretary of State, 1833-34. From 183747 he was president of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, whose affairs he managed with success. He was again appointed minister to England during the Oregon negotiations (1845-46). His last public service was as a delegate to the Maryland constitutional convention of 1850-51. He was raised in Lafayette Lodge No. 14, Wilmington, Del., Nov. 2, 1825. d. Oct. 7, 1857.

Melvin 0. McLaughlin (1876-1928) U.S. Congressman to 66th through 69th Congresses (1919-27) from 4th Nebr. dist. b. Aug. 8, 1876 in Osceola, Iowa. Graduate of Union Bible Sem. (Ohio), Oskaloosa Coll. (Ia.), Omaha U. (Nebr.). He taught public schools seven years, and in 1903 was ordained to the U.B. ministry. He was pastor at Panama, Nebr., Dayton, Ohio, and Omaha, Nebr. from 1900-13; and from 1913-19 was president of York Coll. (Nebr.). Raised March 13, 1900 in Bennett Lodge No. 94, Bennett, Nebr.; dimitted to Nebraska Lodge No. 1, Omaha and later to York Lodge No. 56, York, Nebr. d. Dec. 18, 1928.

DeOrmond McLaughry Football coach. b. May 10, 1893 at Chicago, Ill. Graduate of Westminster Coll. (Pa.) in 1915 and Northeastern U. in 1932. He was football coach and assistant professor at Westminster from 191516 and in 1921. He served in WWI as a lieutenant colonel in the Marine Corps. From 1922-26 he was coach at Amherst Coll. and from 1926-40, football coach at Brown U. He was coach at Dartmouth Coll. from 194154, and since that date has been professor and chairman of department of physical education. He served in the Marine Corps again in WWII as a lieutenant colonel. In 1936 he was president of the American Football Coaches Assn., and has been secretary-treasurer since 1940. He coached the "East" team in the East-West football games sponsored by Islam Shrine of San Francisco in 1949-52 inclusive. Member of Pacific Lodge, Amherst, Mass.

Anselm J. McLaurin (1848-1909) U.S. Senator and Governor of Mississippi. b. March 26, 1848 in Brandon, Miss. Entered Confederate Army in 1864; at end of war, returned to school at Summerville Inst. Admitted to bar in 1868, he practiced at Raleigh, moving to Brandon in 1876. He was U.S. Senator from Miss. from 1894-95, and again in 1901-07, and 1907-13. Governor of Mississippi, 1896-1900. Raised in Tyrian Lodge No. 427, Brandon, in 1895. d. 1909.

George P. McLean (1857-1932) U.S. Senator from Connecticut, and Governor. b. Oct. 7, 1857 in Simsbury, Conn. Admitted to bar in 1881, and practiced law at Hartford. Served in both branches of the state legislature; was U.S. district attorney for Conn., 1892-1896; U.S. Senator, 1911-29. Resigned, and declined to be a candidate for reelection in 1928. Was governor of Conn. from 1901-02. Member of St. Marks Lodge No. 36, Simsbury, Conn. d. June 6, 1932.

180 Lamar W. McLeod Heber H. McLean Vice Admiral, U.S. Navy. b. Dec. 9, 1899 in Llano, Texas. Graduate of U.S. Naval Academy in 1920; advanced through grades to rear admiral in 1946 and vice admiral in 1954, retiring in the latter year. Served on the U.S.S. New York, 1920-24, and was with submarines, 1924-37. At Mare Island Navy Yard 1933-35; with Bureau of Navigation, 1938-40; U.S.S. Minneapolis, 1940-41; on staff of U.S. Atlantic Fleet, 194142; submarines of 7th fleet in Pacific as chief of staff and squadron commander, 1942-44; commander of submarine base, New London, Conn., 1944-45; on U.S.S. Massachusetts, 1945- 46; commander of battleship division No. 1 from 1947. Member of Llano Lodge No. 242, Llano, Texas, and National Sojourner.

John McLean (1785-1861) Postmaster General of U.S.; Justice, Supreme Court; U.S. Congressman. b. March 11, 1785 in Morris Co., N.J. His family migrated to Morganstown, Va., then to Nicholasville, Ky., and finally, in 1799 to Warren Co., Ohio. Studied law in Cincinnati and was admitted to bar in 1807, practicing at Lebanon. He served in the U.S. congress from 181215, and declined a senate nomination in 1815. In that year he was elected to the Ohio supreme court, holding that office until 1922, when President Monroe appointed him commissioner of the general land office. In July, 1823, Monroe appointed him postmaster general, and he was re-appointed by President J. Q. Adams. President Jackson asked him to remain in office in 1829, but as he differed with the president on appointments, McLean declined. Jackson tendered him the offices of War and Navy, but he declined both. He finally accepted an appointment to the U.S. Supreme Court as associate justice (1829-61). In 1856, and again in 1860, he was a contender for the Republican presidential nomination. Member of Co-lumbus Lodge No. 30, Columbus, Ohio. d. April 4, 1861.

Archibald McLellan (1857-1917) Editor-in-chief of Christian Science Monitor, 1908-14. b. Nov. 10, 1857 in Moncton, N.B., Canada. Graduate of Kent Coll. of Law, Chicago, in 1895. He was editor of the Christian Science Journal and Christian Science Sentinel from 1902. Was a director of First Church of Christ, Scientist, Boston. Initiated in Manhattan Lodge No. 62, N.Y.C. on Nov. 16, 1880; affiliated with Columbian Lodge, Boston, Mass. on May 9, 1907; affiliated with Beth-horon Lodge, Brookline, Mass. on Feb. 9, 1915. d. July 18, 1917.

Hugh McLeod (1814-1862) Brigadier General, Republic of Texas. b. Aug. 1, 1814 in New York City. Graduate of U.S. Military Academy in 1835; he entered the army as a lieutenant, but resigned the same year and joined the Texas forces in their struggle with Mexico. He subsequently practiced law. In 1841, as brigadier general, commanding the Texas Santa Fe expedition sent by President Lamar to open trade with New Mexico, he fell into the hands of the Mexicans, who imprisoned him for almost a year. He was a member of the Texas congress in 1842-43, and served throughout the Mexican war. He served again in the state legislature after the annexation of Texas. In the Civil War, he joined the Confederate Army in 1861, and directed the forces against the U.S. on the Rio Grande, participating in the first Virginia campaign as a colonel. Member of Holland Lodge No. 1, Houston, Texas. d. Jan. 2, 1862.

Lamar W. McLeod Vice President of Westinghouse Electric Corp., from 1951. b. Aug. 30, 1903 in Mt. Olive, Miss. Graduate of Miss. State Coll. in 1925. He began with Westinghouse in 1925; in sales from 1928-37; branch manager, 1937-39; central states manager, 1939-46; Southwestern district

181 Thomas G. McLeod manager 1946-51. Received degrees in Tuscan Lodge No. 360, St. Louis, Mo. in spring of 1950. 32° AASR (SJ); Moolah Shrine Temple and Court No. 80, Royal Order of Jesters at St. Louis.

Thomas G. McLeod (1868-1932) Governor of South Carolina, 1923-27. b. Dec. 17, 1868 in Lynchburg, S. Car. Graduate of Wofford Coll., Spartanburg, S. Car. Admitted to bar in 1896, practicing at Bishopville from 1905. He engaged extensively in farming and was a pioneer in promotion of farm co-operatives. Served in both state legislative bodies. Was lieutenant governor from 1907-10. Member of Bishopville Lodge No. 104, Bishop-vile. d. Dec. 11, 1932.

Frank McManamy (1870-1944) Interstate Commerce Commissioner, 1923-38 and chairman of commission, 1930-38. b. Sept. 3, 1870 in Fallen Timber, Pa. He was chief inspector of locomotives, Washington, D.C. from 1913-18; in WWI was assistant director of transportation for U.S. Railroad Administration (1918-20). From 192023 he was in charge of construction and maintenance of all railway equipment during federal control of railroads. Was a charter member of Chevy Chase Lodge No. 42, Washington, D.C. on May 14, 1924 from Covenant Lodge No. 526 of Illinois. Shriner. d. Oct. 3, 1944.

Kenmore M. McManes Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy. b. May 22, 1900 at Galion, Ohio. Graduate of U.S. Naval Academy in 1922. Advanced through grades to rear admiral in 1950. Until 1934 he saw duty on battleships, submarines, and light cruisers. From 1939-40 he commanded the U.S.S. Monoghan. He was assistant naval attache at American Embassy, London, 1941-43; commanded a destroyer squadron of Pacific Fleet, 1943-45; in. France and Washington, D.C., 194546; commanded the U.S.S. Houston in 1947; commanded Destroyer Flo-tilla One, Pacific Fleet, 1950-51; commander of fleet activities, Japan-Korea, 1951-52; since 1953 has been assistant chief of naval operations, Naval Reserve. Member of Annapolis Lodge No. 89, Annapolis, Md., receiving degrees in 1922.

George McManus (1884-1954) Cartoonist and creator of Bringing Tip Father. b. Jan. 23, 1884 in St. Louis, Mo. He began as a cartoonist on the St. Louis Republic in 1899. One day in 1904 he took a 30-1 shot on a horse, wagering $100. The horse won and he set out for New York and fame. He joined the New York World in 1905 and created such comic series as Let George Do It; Panhandle Pete; The Newly Weds and Their Baby; Rosie's Beau; and Snookums. Bringing Up Father, featuring the characters "Maggie" and "Jiggs," appeared in more than 750 papers throughout the world and in 27 different languages, over a period of 41 years. There were seven "Bringing Up Father" shows touring America for 11 years. Four film companies made movies based on the strip, and "Jiggs" served as official insignia of the 11th Bombardment Squadron in both world wars. d. Oct. 22, 1954 and buried from the Catholic Church of the Good Shepherd of Beverly Hills, Calif. Received his degrees in Dirigo Lodge No. 30, New York City on Feb. 27, April 30, and Oct. 22, 1908. (Grand Lodge No. 406157). Received the 32° AASR (NJ) in New York City on Nov. 27, 1908; dropped Nov. 4, 1930; restored May 13, 1938 and dropped April 11, 1947. Member of Mecca Shrine Temple, N.Y.C. on Dec. 1, 1908; suspended Nov. 29, 1915; reinstated Dec. 29, 1916; suspended Dec. 30, 1935; reinstated May 31, 1938. Although not a member of Mecca at time of death, there is no record in that organization of his suspension. His Masonic records also give his birth as Jan. 23, 1882 rather than 1884.

182 James McMillan William Henry McMaster President of Mount Union College (Ohio), (1909-38) and emeritus from 1938. b. Sept. 17, 1875 in Centerville, Ohio. Graduate of Mount Union, Drew Theol. Seminary, United Free Church Coll. (Scotland), New York U. Ordained a Methodist minister in 1899, he served churches in New York City and environs until 1909. From 1938 he was professor of religious education at U. of Miami. Member of Conrad Lodge No. 271, Ohio, receiving degrees on March 20, April 21, and May 14, 1913; 32° AASR (NJ) and past grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Ohio.

William Henry McMaster Governor and U.S. Senator from South Dakota. b. May 10, 1877 in Ticonic, Iowa. Graduate of Beloit Coll. (Wis.) in 1899; he moved to Yanktown, S. Dak. in 1901 and engaged in banking. He was a member of the lower house in 1911-12, and of state senate in 1913-16. He was lieutenant governor of S. Dak. 1917-20 and governor, 1921-24. He served in the U.S. Senate from 192531, and was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1930. In 1933 he moved to Dixon, Ill. where he engaged in the banking business. Received degrees in Cedar Lodge No. 124, Belle Fourche, S. Dak. on Feb. 15, April 19, and June 7, 1907. Dimitted on Dec. 31, 1930 and affiliated with St. John's Lodge No. 1, Yankton on Feb. 2, 1932. Received 50-year gold award from Grand Lodge of South Dakota on July 8, 1957. A 33° AASR (SJ) member, he received his 50-year recognition in that rite in Oriental Consistory, Yankton, in Nov., 1957.

Sidney S. McMath Governor of Arkansas, 1949-52. b. June 14, 1912 in Magnolia, Ark. Graduate of U. of Arkansas in 1936. Admitted to the bar and practiced at Hot Springs until 1940. From 1940-46 he was in the U.S. Marine Corps, serving at Guadalcanaland Bougainville. Attained rank Of lieutenant colonel. Now practicing law in Little Rock. Raised in Sumpter Lodge No. 419, Hot Springs, Ark. in 1934 and Hot Springs Chapter No. 47, R.A.M. of Hot Springs. Member of Scimitar Shrine Temple, Little Rock, Ark.

Morton McMichael (1807-1879) Editor of the Saturday Evening Post and North American and United States Gazette. b. Oct. 2, 1807 in Burlington, N.J. Attended U. of Pennsylvania, read law, and was admitted to the bar in 1827. He became editor of the Saturday Evening Post in 1826. He was editor-in-chief of the Saturday Courier from 1831-36, and in 1836 began publication of the Saturday News. In 1847 he acquired an interest in the North American, which, when consolidated that year with the United States Gazette, became known as the North American and United States Gazette. He was sole proprietor of this journal from 1854, and under his management it grew to be one of the best known journals in the country. He served as alderman and mayor of Philadelphia and was at one time sheriff of the county. Made a Mason on Jan. 17, 1852 in Union Lodge No. 121, Philadelphia. d. Jan. 6, 1879.

James McMillan (1838-1902) U.S. Senator from Michigan, 1889-1902; capitalist. b. May 12, 1838 in Hamilton, Ontario. He moved to Detroit, Mich. in 1855, where he entered upon a business career. He was an organizer of the Michigan Car Co. in 1863, and within ten years it was one of the largest concerns in the U.S. He built the Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic Railroad and was its president. With associates he also formed the Detroit Car Wheel Co., the Baugh Steam Forge Co., the Detroit, Mackinaw and Marquette Railroad, and the Detroit and Cleveland Steam Navigation Co. Member of Pine Grove Lodge No. 11, Port Huron, Mich. d. Aug. 10, 1902.

183 James T. McMillan James T. McMillan (1885-1946) President of Detroit & Cleveland Navigation Co., 1930-46. b. April 20, 1885 in Detroit, Mich. He began as an apprentice with the above company in 1907, served in engineering and navigation departments; aboard the company's steamers; made assistant to general manager in 1909; general superintendent from 1910-12; vice president, 1921-27. Director of several companies including Packard Motor Car, Grand Trunk Western Railroad, Ferry Morse Seed Co. Member of Palestine Lodge No. 357, Detroit, Mich., receiving degrees on April 16, May 7, and May 28, 1909. Knight Templar, 32° AASR (NJ) and Shriner. d. Sept. 4, 1946.

Thomas S. McMillan (1888-1939) U.S. Congressman to 69th through 75th congresses (1925-39) from 1st S. Car. dist. b. Nov. 27, 1888 in Ulmers, S. Car. Graduate of U. of South Carolina in 1912 and 1913. Admitted to the bar in 1913, and began practice at Charleston. Member of state lower house, 1916-24. Initiated in Pythagorean Lodge No. 21, Charleston, S. Car. on March 4, 1915. d. Sept. 29, 1939.

Dale W. McMillen President of Allied Mills; founder and president of Central Sugar Co.; founder and chairman of board of Central Soya Co.; philanthropist. b. Jan. 27, 1880 in Van Wert, Ohio. He founded The McMillen Co. at Ft. Wayne, Ind. in 1916, and when it merged with American Milling to form Allied Mills, at Fort Wayne, 1929 he was president, serving until 1933. In the latter year he founded the Central Sugar Co., Decatur, Ind. In 1934 he founded the Central Soya Co., at Ft. Wayne. He created the McMillen Foundation for the support of public projects at Ft. Wayne. Received the degrees in 1902 in Van Wert Lodge No. 218, Van Wert, Ohio and transferred in 1929 to Summit City Lodge No. 170, Fort Wayne, Ind.

Member of AASR (NJ) at Valley of Fort Wayne and received 33° in 1954. Knight Templar.

Adam McMullen (1874-1959) Governor of Nebraska, 1925-29. b. June 12, 1874 in Wellsville, N.Y. Graduate of U. of Nebraska in 1896, and George Washington U. (then Columbian) in 1899. He settled with his parents in Nebr. in 1884, and was admitted to the bar in 1902, practicing at Wymore. He served terms in both bodies of the state legislature. Received the degrees in Wymore Lodge No. 104. Wymore, Nebr. in 1900. Member of both York and Scottish rites, receiving 32° on June 9, 1902, in Washington, D.C. Shriner. Received 50-year veteran Freemason award. d. March 2, 1959.

Richard C. McMullen (1868-1944) Governor of Delaware, 1937-41. b. Jan. 2, 1868 in Glasgow, Del. He was in the leather manufacturing business from 1888. Member of Washington Lodge No. 1, and Delaware Consistory, AASR (NJ), both of Wilmington, Del. d. Feb. 18, 1944.

Alexander McNair ( 1 7 7 5-1 8 2 6 ) First Governor of Missouri, 1820-24. b. May 5, 1775 in Mifflin Co., Pa. In 1794 he was a lieutenant in command of a company during the whiskey insurrection, and in 1799 was appointed lieutenant of infantry, but mustered out in 1800. He went to Missouri Territory in 1804, settling in St. Louis, where he served several years as U.S. commissary. In 1812 he was appointed adjutant and inspector general; during the War of 1812 was colonel of Missouri militia in the U.S. service. After his term as governor he was U.S. Indian agent. A member of St. Louis Lodge No. 111, chartered by Pennsylvania, he was buried first in the old military cemetery, by Missouri Lodge No. 1. He is claimed both by Freemasonry and the Roman Catholic Church. In 1819 he took an active part in building the first Presbyterian

184 Paul V. McNutt church in St. Louis, being one of the four on the subscription committee headed by Thomas H. Benton, q.v. In June, 1811 he headed the committee of arrangements of St. Louis Lodge No. 111 for the festival of St. John the Baptist. Bishop Du Bourg wrote on July 6, 1822: "The whole family of our governor are practical Catholics; and the governor himself does not miss any of our church celebrations." Edward Brown, one time vice president of the Catholic Historical Society of St. Louis said: "Although Governor McNair came from a family of Scotch Presbyterians, and had been born and reared in a Protestant community, he died in the faith which had been so truly exemplified in the home life of his wife and children, and received the last sacred rites of the church at his death. His body was later removed to the Catholic Calvary Cemetery of St. Louis. d. March 18, 1826.

Andrew McNair A Philadelphia Mason who rang the bell at Independence Hall to call the populace to hear the reading of the Declaration of Independence. He was doorkeeper for the assembly of Pennsylvania and received the Fellowcraft degree on Nov. 21, 1755 in Lodge No. 2, Philadelphia.

Frederick G. McNally (1865-1907) President of Rand, McNally & Co., publishers from 1904. b. Dec. 20, 1865 in Chicago. Graduate of Highland Military Acad. in 1884. Became associated with the house of Rand, McNally & Co. as a bill clerk in 1884, advancing to vice president and auditor in 1898, and to president on the death of his father in 1904. Mason. d. 1907.

Charles L. McNary (1874-1944) U.S. Senator from Oregon, 1917-48, dying in office. b. June 12, 1874, near Salem, Oreg. He was admitted to the bar in 1898, and practiced with John H. Mc- Nary until 1913. From 1913-15 he was justice of the supreme court of Oregon. In the election of 1940 he was Republican vice-presidential candidate. From 1933 he was minority leader of the U.S. senate. Member of Pacific Lodge No. 50; Multnomah Chapter No. 1, R.A.M.; and DeMolay Commandery No. 5, K.T., all of Salem, Oreg. Member of Al Kader Shrine Temple, Portland. d. Feb. 25, 1944.

Paul V. McNutt (1891-1955) Governor of Indiana, 1933-37; National Commander of American Legion, 1928-29; U.S. High Commissioner to the Philippines, 1937-39 and 1945-46; U.S. Ambassador to Philippines, 194648; Director of Defense, Health and Welfare Services, 1941-43; Chairman of War Manpower Commission, 194245. b. July 19, 1891 in Franklin, Ind. Graduate of Indiana U., 1913, and Harvard, 1916. Admitted to the bar in 1914 and began practice at Martinsville, Ind. He was assistant professor, professor, and finally dean of the law School at Indiana U. between 1917-33. Served as an officer in Field Artillery in WWI. Member of Martinsville Lodge No. 74, Martinsville, Ind. on Aug. 14, 1912; 32° AASR (NJ) and member of Murat Shrine Temple of Indianapolis. In addressing the Grand Lodge of the Philippines on Jan. 25, 1939, McNutt said: "I believe in the right to worship God as I believe in the fundamental principles which have made Masonry the greatest fraternal organization in the history of men. It is not false pride when we say to ourselves those things which are true; for instance, that Masonry is the first of all such organizations in all quarters of the globe and that all the others, worthy as they may be, are nothing but imitators of our fraternity. Evidently we have given to those organizations something of that life and spirit which has made Masonry and which has endeared Masonry to the hearts of men. . . . Through all the

185 L. A. McQueen years of my life I have put all that I have against those who would deny any man the right to worship God as he pleases or who would draw any line of creed or of color. I believe in that as I believe in the fundamental principles which have made Masonry the great fraternal organization. We have attended strictly to our own business and in attending to our own business, we have carried out those principles of goodwill. . . ." d. March 24, 1955.

L. A. McQueen Vice President of General Tire and Rubber Co. since 1929; director since 1945. b. Jan. 5, 1893 in Superior, Wis. Graduate of U. of Wisconsin in 1916. He was with the B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, Ohio from 1917-25, and general sales manager, 1925-29. He is director of Midland Steamship Line, A. M. Byers Co., Akron Products Co., and Yankee Network. Member of Henry Perkins Lodge No. 611, Akron, Ohio, receiving degrees on March 20, May 8, June 19, 1928. 32° AASR (NJ).

Thomas C. McRae (1851-1929) Governor of Arkansas, 1921-25; U.S. Congressman to 49th through 57th congresses (1885-1903) from 3rd Ark. dist. b. Dec. 21, 1851 at Mount Holly, Ark. Graduate of Washington and Lee U. in 1872. He practiced law at Rosston, Ark., 1873-77 and after that at Prescott. Was member of state legislature, 1877-79. Member of Prescott Lodge No. 80, Prescott, Ark. and grand orator of the Grand Lodge of Arkansas in 1920. Member of Sahara Shrine Temple, Pine Bluff. d. June 2, 1929.

Samuel D. McReynolds (1872-1939) U.S. Congressman to 68th through 75th congresses (1923-39) from 3rd Tenn. dist. b. April 16, 1872 in Pikeville, Tenn. Admitted to the bar in 1893, he practiced first at Pikeville; moved to Chattanooga in 1895. Served as judge of criminal court of 6th circuit from 1903-23. Was a delegate to Monetary and Economic International Conference at London in 1933. Raised in Chattanooga Lodge No. 199, Chattanooga, Tenn. on May 11, 1904. d. July 11, 1939.

John J. McSwain (1875-1936) U.S. Congressman, 67th through 74th Congresses (1921-37) from 4th S. Car. dist. b. May 1, 1875 at Cross Hill, S. Car. Graduate of South Carolina Coll. in 1897, with A.B. and L.L., summa cum laude. Admitted to the bar in 1899, he began practice at Greenville in 1901. Served as a captain of 154th Infantry overseas in WWI. Member of Centre Lodge No. 37, Honea Path, S. Car. from 1901-02 and Recovery Lodge No. 31, Greenville, S. Car. from 1904 until death on Aug. 6, 1936.

George W. Mead Paper manufacturer. b. Feb. 22, 1871 at Chicago, Ill. Graduate of U. of Wisconsin in 1894. In 1904 he completed the first entirely electric paper mill, and between 193338 developed the Massey Process for making machine-coated paper directly on high speed paper machines. From 1894-1902 he was a merchant in Rockford, Ill. Since 1902 he has been in the paper business at Wisconsin Rapids, Wis., as president of Consolidated Water Power & Paper Co. Received degrees in Star in the East Lodge No. 166, Rockford, Ill., July 29, Aug. 5, Sept. 9, 1899 and affiliated with Grand Rapids Lodge No. 128 (now Wisconsin Rapids) at Grand Rapids, Wis. on Dec. 12, 1912.

John A. Mead (1841-1920) Governor of Vermont, 1910-12. b. April 20, 1841 in Fairhaven, Vt. Graduate of Middlebury (Vt.) Coll. in 1864; received M.D. degree from Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons (Columbia) in 1868. Served as private in 12th Vermont volunteers in 1862-63. He practiced medicine in Rutland, Vt. until 1888. Was surgeon general of Vt.,

186 John B. Medaris treasurer of two railroads, president of two banks, president of Howe Scale Co. He served a term in both state legislative bodies, and was lieutenant governor of Vt. in 1908-09. Affiliated with Rutland Lodge No. 79, Rutland, Vt. on Sept. 13, 1897 from Kings County Lodge No. 511, New York City where he was presumably initiated while in medical school. He was also a member of the chapter, council and commandery at Rutland. d. June 12, 1920.

Richard K. Meade (1795-1862) U.S. Minister to Brazil, 1857-61. b. in Frederick Co. Va. He was the son of Richard K. Meade, an aide on General Washington's staff in Revolution, and brother to William Meade, Episcopal Bishop. Well educated, he studied law and practiced at Petersburg, Va. Served in the U.S. congress from 1847-53. He gave up his position as minister to Brazil to return to Virginia and support the Confederacy. Member of Blandford Lodge No. 3, Petersburg, Va. and past master of same. d. April 20, 1862.

Clarence W. Meadows Governor of West Virginia, term ending Jan. 17, 1949. b. Feb. 11, 1904 in Beckley, W. Va. Graduate of U. of Alabama in 1927. Admitted to bar in 1927. Member of state legislature in 1931-32; attorney general in 1937-45; circuit judge, 1942-44. Presently a lawyer and public relations counsel at Charleston. Member of Beckley:Lodge No. 95, Beckley, W. Va. and 32° in John W. Norris Consistory AASR, Charleston; Shriner.

Lewis M. Means Brigadier General, U.S. Army. b. July 15, 1890 in Camden Co., Mo. Educated in Central Coll., Fayette, Mo. In 1931 he assisted in the organization of the Missouri State Highway Patrol, and served as troop commander and executive officer with rank of major until 1937. From 1937-41 he was adjutant generalof Mo. Natl. Guard. Commissioned 2nd lieutenant in WWI, he served with the 89th and 18th Divisions. Commissioned brigadier general of the line in 1938, he entered Federal service in 1940 and in WWII commanded the 70th Infantry Brigade of 35th Infantry; organized anti-sabotage activities in Calif.; organized and commanded Northern Defense Area; was provost marshal at Presidio (Calif.) and Ft. Douglas, Utah until 1944; director of security for U.N. conference at San Francisco in 1945, and member of U.S. secretariat. Retired May 26, 1946. Received degrees in Fayette Lodge No. 47, Fayette, Mo. on April 21, July 15, 1919 and April 15, 1920.

John B. Medaris Major General, U.S. Army, commanding Army Ballistic Missile Agency. b. May 12, 1902 in Milford, Ohio. Student at Ohio State U., 1919-21. Commissioned lieutenant of Infantry in 1921, and advanced through grades to major general in 1955. From 1921-26 he was attached to the 29th and 33rd Infantry regiments, and from 1926-27 was with the Ordnance Corps. In WWII he was battalion commander and ordnance officer of the II Corps in Tunisia, Sicily, and then ordnance officer with 1st Army in England. He also organized and operated the Field Army Ordnance Service of the 1st Army in Europe. In 1949-52 he was chief of the U.S. military mission to Argentina. From 1953-55 he was assistant chief of ordnance, and chief of industrial division. Member of Army Lodge, Corozal, Canal Zone since 1924. Received AASR (SJ) degrees 4-30 in Panama Canal Consis-

187 John Meek tory in 1927, and 31-32 degrees in Madison, Wis. as a courtesy to the Canal Zone Consistory.

John Meek (1791-1875) Ship captain. b. Nov. 24, 1791 at Marblehead, Mass. He went to sea at an early age and probably reached the West coast by 1812. He later became master of the Amethyst, engaged in otter hunting under Russian contract and also in the Hawaiian-California trade. He was one of the first Americans to visit the Hawaiian Islands, going there in 1809, only 31 years after their discovery by Capt. Cook, q.v. He is also thought to be the first Freemason to reach Calif. He became a charter member of the Hawaiian Lodge Le Progres at Honolulu. This lodge was established by Capt. LeTellier, q.v., a French ship captain. The first meeting was held on LeTellier's ship Ajax while anchored in Honolulu harbor on April 8, 1843. Meek served as senior warden of this lodge in 1848, and his home was frequently used as a meeting place. He also organized Hawaiian Lodge No. 21 under Calif. jurisdiction. Meek imported blooded livestock to Hawaii, and these animals formed the nucleus for the present herds in the islands. d. Jan. 29, 1875 in Honolulu.

Isaac M. Meekins (1875-1946) Federal Judge, Eastern District of North Carolina from 1925. b. Feb. 13, 1875 in Tyrrell Co., N. Car. Graduate of Wake Forest Coll. (N. Car.) in 1896. Practiced law at Elizabeth City, N. Car., serving as mayor and postmaster of that city. Mentioned in 1936 as presidential candidate. Mason and 32° AASR (SJ). d. Nov. 21, 1946.

Tom M. Mehaffy (1859-1944) Justice, Supreme Court of Arkansas from 1927. b. Oct. 3, 1859 near Ripley, Miss. Attended school for only ten months and was self educated. Admitted to Arkansas bar in 1888 and began practice at Benton. Served terms in both branches of state legislature. Movedto Little Rock in 1905. Member of Benton Lodge No. 34, Benton, Ark. and 32° AASR (SJ). d. Oct. 20, 1944.

Julius L. Meier (1874-1937) Governor of Oregon, 1931-35. b. Dec. 31, 1874 in Portland, Oreg. Graduate of U. of Oregon in 1895. Was in the mercantile business from 1896, as president of the Meier & Frank Co., a department store. He was one of the original promoters of the Columbia River Highway. Made a Mason, May 12, 1902, in Harmony Lodge No. 12, Portland, and member of Scottish Rite there. d. July 14, 1937.

Merrill C. Meigs Publisher; aviation pioneer. b. Nov. 25, 1883 in Malcom, Iowa. He was employed by Rogers & Co., Chicago, 1908-11; J. I. Case Co., Racine, Wis., 1911-14; and Lord & Thomas Advertising Agency, Chicago, 1915-18. From 1918-26 he was director of advertising of the Chicago Evening American, and was publisher of the Chicago Herald Examiner, 1926-29. From 1930-33 he was vice president of the American Weekly; publisher of the Chicago American, 1933-38; and now vice president of The Hearst Corp., Chicago. In 194042 he was on leave as chief of the aircraft section of the War Production Board. He was advisor to the Aviation Policy Board, and since 1948 has been consultant to the Civil Aeronautics Authority. The Northerly Isle Airport of Chicago was renamed Merrill C. Meigs Field by the city council in 1949. Member of Welcome Lodge No. 916, Chicago, receiving degrees on March 4, April 8, 29, 1911.

Return Jonathan Meigs, Sr. (17401823) Colonel in the American Revolution. b. in Middletown, Conn., he was the father of Return J. Meigs, Jr., q.v. The origin of his name is as unusual as the name itself. His father was in love with a young Quakeress who repeatedly rejected his suit saying "Nay, Jonathan, I respect thee

much; but I cannot marry thee." On his final visit, he slowly mounted his horse to leave when the relenting lady said, "Return, Jonathan! Return, Jonathan!" These happy words were given his first-born in commemoration of the event. He answered the Lexington alarm as a captain of a contingent from Middletown, Conn., serving at Bunker Hill, and under Benedict Arnold, q.v., in the Quebec Expedition, where he was captured in Dec., 1775, paroled in May, 1776, and exchanged in Jan., 1777. In the latter year, he was promoted to colonel, and on May 23, 1777, with 170 men, he raided Sag Harbor, L.I., in whale boats, taking 90 prisoners, burning 12 vessels, and returning without the loss of a man. For this, Congress voted him a sword. He commanded a regiment under Anthony Wayne, q.v., at the storming of Stony Point, and was honorably mentioned by Washington. Subsequently, he was one of the earliest settlers of Ohio, going there in 1788 with his son. In 1801, he was appointed Indian agent of the Cherokees, among whom he passed the remainder of his life, dying Jan. 28, 1823. He was buried at Hiwassee Old Garrison Cemetery some 10 miles east of Dayton, Tenn. Plumb's History of American Union Lodge No. 1 (Ohio) states in one place that he received the third degree, Jan. 11, 1791 (same date as his son was raised), but in quoting the minutes on p. 127, it shows that although both father and son were proposed for the 3rd degree, only the son received it on that date. It is not definitely known when the first two degrees were conferred, but probably at the same time his son received these degrees—Dec. 6 and 24, 1790. James R. Case, Conn. Masonic historian, has discovered from the old minutes of Wooster Lodge No. 10 of Colchester, Conn. that the Senior Meigs was visiting there on June 24, 1791, and on that date gave the era- tion before the lodge at the St. John's Day celebration. He was rewarded on that date by being raised to the sublime degree of Master Mason. He served as master of American Union Lodge in 1801 and was treasurer from 1791-94. The bicentennial history of St. John's Lodge of Middletown, Conn. also lists him as a member, but this seems to be a case where famous military men from that city who were Freemasons were confused with members of that particular lodge.

Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr. (17641824) Postmaster General of the U.S.; Governor of Ohio; U.S. Senator from Ohio; Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Ohio; Federal Judge of Michigan. b. Nov. 16, 1764 in Middletown, Conn. His father of the same name, q.v., was a Revolutionary War officer. He graduated from Yale in 1785, and then studied law. In 1788 he went to Ohio with his father, settling at Marietta, participating in many Indian fights of that period. From 1803-04 he was chief justice of Ohio supreme court, and then had charge of the St. Charles district in Louisiana until 1806, with the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was also judge of the supreme court of that district in 180506. In 1807-08 he was named judge of the U.S. district court of Michigan. He served as U.S. senator from Ohio from 1809-10, when elected governor of Ohio in the latter year, and served in that capacity until 1814. President Madison appointed him postmaster general of the U.S. in March, 1814 and he continued in office under Monroe until Dec., 1823, when he retired to Marietta. Meigs received his degrees in American Union Lodge No. 1 at Marietta on Dec. 6, and Dec. 24, 1790, and Jan. 11, 1791. His father is recorded as having been raised in that lodge on the same date. In 1792 he delivered two addresses before the lodge, and the records of 1802 show him very regular in attendance. After

189 Kenneth C. Meinken this period, however, his absence from Marietta interfered with his lodge activity. d. March 29, 1824.

Kenneth C. Meinken President of Electronic Tube Corp. from 1954. b. Dec. 4, 1900 in New York City. Attended Hamilton Prep. School and Cornell U. He was successively manager of a machine works, building contractor, and realtor in Philadelphia. From 1941-43 he was project engineer for National Union Radio Corp., assistant to president (194346), and president, 1946-53. Member of University Lodge No. 610, Philadelphia, Pa. since 1919.

Edwin B. Meissner (1884-1956) President of St. Louis Car Co. from 1922-56, and of St. Louis Mining & Milling Corp., Joplin, Mo., from 1941. b. Dec. 5, 1884 in Milwaukee, Wis. He started as a messenger for the Milwaukee Electric Railway & Light Co. in 1899 and rose to chief clerk. He became associated with the St. Louis Car Co. in 1911 as assistant to the president, became vice president in 1915, and president and general manager since 1922. He is a director of several companies and banks. Mason and Shriner. Received degrees in Cornerstone Lodge No. 323 on Sept. 17, 1919, May 20 and June 22, 1918. Affiliated with University Lodge No. 649, University City, Mo. in 1932 and reaffiliated with Cornerstone Lodge on Dec. 18, 1933. d. Sept. 10, 1956.

Phillip Schwarzert Melanchthon (1497-1560) (Also Melanthon and Melancthon) German scholar and religious reformer who collaborated with Martin Luther in the Protestant Reformation. He was a professor of Greek and theology at Wittenberg. In 1521 he published Loci Communes Rerum Theologicarum, the first great Protestant treatise on dogmatic theology. He was noted for his vast learning, skill in dialectics, and a moderation that tempered Luther's vehemen,..e. He drafted the Augsburg Confession in 1530 and sought consistently to reconcile Protestantism with Roman Catholicism, and thus attain Christian unity. His association with Freemasonry rests entirely on the authenticity of the Charter of Cologne, to which his name is signed as the representative of Dantzic. This charter is claimed to be the result of the Congress of Cologne, which convened in 1525 in the city of Cologne, with the most distinguished Freemasons of the time representing 19 grand lodges. It set forth the character and aims of the Craft. Its authenticity has been questioned by many Masonic scholars, but upheld by others.

Lauritz L. H. Melchior Operatic tenor. b. March 20, 1890 in Copenhagen, Denmark. He attended Mel-choir's School at Copenhagen from 1896-1905. Although now a tenor, he made his debut as a baritone at the Copenhagen Opera on April 2, 1913. His first appearance there as a tenor was on Oct. 8, 1918. He has sung at Covent Garden, London, since 1925; with Metropolitan Opera, N.Y. since 1926, and at the Wagner festivals, Bayreuth, since 1925. He has appeared with marked success in Paris, Berlin, Vienna, Hamburg, Buenos Aires, and many other cities throughout the world. He has been making motion pictures and radio and TV appearances in recent years. His latest motion picture is The Stars Are Singing. He received the three degrees in 1918 at the age of 28 in St. John's Lodge (Zorobabel og Frederick) in Copenhagen. He is also an honorary member of Frederick Lodge No. 857, N.Y.C. (March 24, 1935). In 1944 he received the coveted Distinguished Achievement Award of the Grand Lodge of New York.

James M. Melear (?-1955) Editor of the Methodist Christian Advocate (Southern edition) 1916-32. b. in Sullivan Co., Tenn. Received three de-

190 Andrew W. Mellon grees from the U. of Chattanooga between 1891 and 1904. He served churches in Carnegie, Sherman Heights, Athens, and Knoxville. (Tenn.), Baraboo, Wis., Frankfort, Ind., Lexington, Ky. between 18921916. Mason and Knight Templar. d. Dec. 28, 1955.

Melesino The name of a lieutenant general in the Imperial Russian Army who established a rite which was known as the "Melesino Rite." A Greek by birth, he was a learned man and a Freemason. The first lodge of his rite was established at St. Petersburg about 1765. It consisted of seven degrees: Apprentice, Fellow Craft, Master Mason, The Mystic Arch, Scottish Master and Knight, The Philosopher, The Priest or High Priest of the Templars. It was Christian in character, teaching a belief in the Messiah and the dogma of the Trinity.

Thomas W. Melham Imperial Potentate of the Shrine, 1957-58. b. Jan. 19, 1902 in Brandt, S. Dak. Graduate of U. of Wisconsin in 1923. He began with National Cash Register Co. at Dayton, Ohio, and later in Philadelphia. Turning to insurance, he returned to Wis. as a special agent and was the first person in that state to receive the professional degree of Charter Life Underwriter. In 1937 he joined Prudential in Milwaukee, and in 1952 transferred to N.Y.C. as manager of the Manhattan agency. Raised in Silver Spring Lodge No. 337, Whitefish Bay, Wis. in 1928, he was master in 1952. Member of Kenwood Chapter No. 90, R.A.M.; Ivanhoe Commandery No. 24, K.T.; and Wisconsin Valley Scottish Rite, all of Milwaukee. Joined Tripoli Shrine Temple in 1930 and was potentate in 1943; member of St. Quentin Conclave No. 75, Red Cross of Constantine, and honorary member of National Sojourners.

Arthur C. Mellette (1842-1896) Last Governor of Dakota Territoryand first Governor of South Dakota. b. Jan. 23, 1842 in Indiana. He served in the Civil War. A good friend of Benjamin Harrison, he was one of his first supporters for president. Harrison appointed Mellette as governor of the Dakota Territory as one of his first official acts. He came to the Dakotas in 1878 and affiliated with Kampseka Lodge No. 13, at Watertown in 1881. It is presumed he received the degrees in Indiana. While in Indiana he practiced law, published the Muncie Times and was elected to the state legislature, where he devoted himself to the reform of the school laws and raised Indiana from a low plane to among the highest in the public school systems. d. May 25, 1896. He was also a member of Watertown Commandery No. 7, K.T.

Andrew W. Mellon (1855-1937) American industrialist and Secretary of the Treasury, 1921-32 under Coolidge and Hoover. b. March 24, 1855 in Pittsburgh, Pa. He was educated at Western U. of Pennsylvania (now U. of Pittsburgh) and was in the class of 1873. For many years he was president of the Mellon National Bank and officer, or director, of various financial and industrial corporations. He engaged in the development of coal, coke, and iron enterprises. He resigned as president of the bank on March 1, 1921, and three days later became U.S. secretary of the Treasury. When he was confirmed as U.S. ambassador to Great Britain on Feb. 5, 1932, he resigned as Treasury secretary. He served as ambassador until March 17, 1933. In 1930 he established the A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust. When the National Gallery of Art was established in Washington, D.C., in 1937, as a branch of the Smithsonian Institution, the trustees of the fund gave 15 million dollars for the building. In addition, Mellon's private art collection, consisting of 126 paintings and 36

191 Richard B. Mellon pieces of sculpture was given to the nation as the nucleus of the present collection. Many world-famous paintings were in this collection. Mellon was made a Mason "at sight," Dec. 29, 1928, by J. Willison Smith, grand master of Pennsylvania at Pittsburgh. His brother, Richard B. Mellon, q.v., received the degrees at the same time. Mellon affiliated with Fellowship Lodge No. 679 of Pittsburgh. He received the Royal Arch degree in 1931. d. Aug. 26, 1937.

Richard B. Mellon (?-1933) Banker and railroad president. b. in Pittsburgh, the brother of Andrew W. Mellon, q.v. He began with the Ligonier Valley Railroad and was later its president. He was president of the Mellon National Bank, Pittsburgh, and a director of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland from 1917. He was made a Mason "at sight" on Dec. 29, 1928 by J. Willison Smith, grand master of Pennsylvania, at Pittsburgh. His brother, Andrew W. Mellon, received the degrees at the same time. He was made a Royal Arch Mason in 1931. d. Dec. 1, 1933.

Arthur J. Mellott (1888-1957) Federal Judge, District of Kansas from 1945. b. Aug. 30, 1888 in Leavenworth Co., Kansas. Graduate of Kansas City School of Law in 1917. He taught country schools from 1907-14 and was county superintendent of Wyandotte Co., Kansas schools from 1914-17. He was successively judge of city court, Kansas City, Kans., county attorney, deputy commissioner internal revenue, Washington, D.C., judge of Tax Court of U.S. Mason, 32° AASR (SJ) and Shriner. d. Dec. 29, 1957.

George H. C. Melody (1793-1860) Pioneer Missouri Freemason. b. March 7, 1793 on the Atlantic Ocean, while parents were en route from England to America. A business failure, he had little worldly goods. He was perhaps the most devoted Mason inthe early days of the Missouri grand lodge, which he helped found at the organizational meeting on April 24, 1821 at St. Louis, and where he acted as grand junior deacon pro tern. He constituted the first Royal Arch chapter in Missouri in 1826, and attended the organization of the Grand Cornmandery, K.T. of Missouri in 1860. He was a friend of such men as General Lafayette, Governor Dewitt Clinton, Disraeli, Victor Hugo, and King Louis Philippe. He was an associate of such prominent Missourians as Frederick and Edward Bates, Nathaniel B. Tucker, Dr. Hardage Lane, and Governor Hamilton R. Gamble. While grand master pro tem, he received General Lafayette on April 29, 1825. He served several years as deputy grand master, and was the first grand lecturer of the grand lodge and grand chapter of Missouri. In 1844-45 he took a party of 14 Iowa Indians to England and France. He died Oct. 15, 1860. In 1942 (April 27) the grand lodge and grand chapter of Missouri dedicated a monument to him in the cemetery at Rocheport, Mo. where he is buried.

George W. Melville (1841-1912) Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy; Arctic Explorer and Engineer-in-Chief of Navy. b. Jan. 10, 1841 in New York City. Entered the Navy in July, 1861 with rank of midshipman. He was engineer of the Jeannette, under the command of Lt. George W. DeLong, which sailed into Arctic waters in 1879 to discover an opening to the supposed polar sea by a northeast passage near Wrangel Land. After the sinking of the ship on June 13, 1881, Melville accompanied DeLong over the ice to Bennett Island, where they separated into two parties, Melville leading one of them in a small boat to Siberia, reaching the Lena Delta on Sept. 17, 1881. He then searched for the

192 Karl A. Menninger DeLong party and discovered some of their huts. He returned the following spring and eventually found the remains of DeLong and his eleven companions, in March. He rescued the records of the Jeannette and returned them to the U.S. In 1884 he was chief engineer of the Thetis on the Greely, q.v., relief expedition. He became chief of the bureau of steam engineering, U.S. Navy from 1887-1903, and retired as a rear admiral in 1903. He was a member of St. Albans Lodge No. 56, Brooklyn, N.Y. d. March 17, 1912.

Thomas Melville. Member of the "Boston Tea Party" and a major in the American Revolution. He was initiated in Massachusetts Lodge of Boston, Mass., Feb. 3, 1772.

Moses Mendelssohn (1729-1796) German Jewish philosopher, called "The German Socrates." He was the grandfather of Felix Mendelssohn, the composer. He formed a close friendship with Lessing, q.v. in 1754, which inspired the latter to write Nathan der Weise, a dramatic poem on toleration. He was also a friend of Nicolia, Lavater, and Kant, contributing to several of their works as a critic. He wrote Phadon in support of the immortality of the soul and his Jerusalem oder uber Religiose Macht and Judentum was a plea for religious tolerance. Among his many writings are Philosophische Gesprache; the satire Pope ein Metaphysiker; the essay Abhandlung uber die Evidenz in den Metaphysischen Wissenschaften. The bulletin of the International Masonic Congress of 1917 lists him as a Freemason, and Beswick, in his Swedenborg Rite, states that he was a Scottish Rite Mason.

Catulle Mendes (1841-1909) French critic and poet. He founded the Revue Fantaisiste at Paris in 1859, and was dramatic critic of Le Journal from 1893. He was the founder of the Parnassian school of poetry, the origins of which he described in Legende du Parnasse Contemporain in 1884. Among his poetic writings are Philomela; Hesperus; Contes Epiques; and Odelettes Guerrires. He also authored a number of plays including La Femme de Tabarin and La Reine Fiammette. The bulletin of the International Masonic Congress of 1917 lists him as a Freemason.

Charles A. Menninger Secretary-Treasurer of Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad from 1951. b. June 12, 1890 in Tell City, Ind. He began as a clerk with the railroad at Topeka in 1911, advancing to assistant cashier, assistant paymaster, chief clerk, and assistant treasurer. Also officer of several other railroad organizations. Member of Topeka Lodge No. 17, Topeka, Kansas from 1912.

Karl A. Menninger Psychiatrist. b. July 22, 1893 in Topeka, Kans. Graduate of U. of Wisconsin in 1914 and 1915, and M.D. degree from Harvard in 1917. Was assistant psychiatrist at Boston Psychopathic Hosp., 1918-19, and assistant in neuropathology at Harvard Medical School, 191820, as well as Tufts Medical School, 1918-19. He is a member of the board of trustees of the Menninger Foundation at Topeka; general director of the educational department; member of council of Institute for Psychol. Medicine; professor of psychiatry at U. of Kansas Medical School; neuropsychiatrist at Christ's Hospital, Topeka. He is former director of the Topeka Institute for Psychoanalysis. Both he, and his brother, William C. Menninger, q.v., have received world wide recognition in the treatment of mental illness. He is the author of many books on the subject including The Human Mind; Man Against Himself and Love Against Hate (the latter with his wife). He is also editorin-chief of the Bulletin of the Men-

193 William C. Menninger ninger Clinic; associate editor of Psychiatry, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease; collaborating editor of Psychoanalytic Review; assistant editor of Psychoanalytic Quarterly and associate editor of Psychosomatic Medicine. Member of Topeka Lodge No. 17, Topeka, Kansas.

William C. Menninger Psychiatrist b. Oct. 15, 1899 in Topeka, Kans. Graduate of Washburn Coll. (Topeka) in 1919, Columbia U. in 1922, and M.D. from Cornell U. Medical School in 1924. He interned at the Bellevue Hospital, N.Y.C. and did postgraduate training in psychiatry at St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Washington, D.C. He has been a psychiatrist since 1927. From 1930-46 he was medical director of the Menninger Sanitarium at Topeka. He is also a member of the board of directors and general secretary of The Menninger Foundation. Both he and his brother, Karl A. Menninger, have received world wide recognition in the treatment of mental illness. In 1945 he served as a brigadier general in the Medical Corps of the U.S. Army. Active in the Boy Scout movement, he wrote the Skipper's Handbook in 1934, the official handbook for Sea Scout leaders. He is also the author of Psychiatry in a Troubled World; You and Psychiatry; Psychiatry; Its Evolution and Present Status, as well as about 200 scientific papers. Received the three degrees in a lodge in New York City in 1924 while interning at Bellvue Hospital. Has not reaffiliated.

Frederick 0. Mercer Federal Judge, Southern Illinois, from 1956. b. March 11, 1901 in Vermont, Ill. Graduate of U. of Illinois in 1924. Practiced law in Fulton Co. and Canton, Ill. Member of Vermont Lodge No. 116, Vermont, Ill. since 1922; 32° AASR (NJ) , Mohammed Shrine Temple and Royal Order of Jesters (Court 40), all of Peoria, Ill.

Hugh Mercer (1720?-1777) Brigadier General, American Revolution. b. in Aberdeen, Scotland. Educated at U. of Aberdeen, and became a physician, being assistant surgeon in the army of Prince Charles Edward in 1745. He arrived at Philadelphia in 1746 where he practiced medicine for ten years. He fought with the colonists in the French and Indian Wars and was wounded at Braddock's defeat in 1755. He marched against Fort Duquesne a second time under Forbes in 1758, and the next year was appointed colonel and commandant of the fort. He then practiced medicine in Conocoheague, near Mercersburg, for another ten years, and moved to Fredericksburg, Va. at the suggestion of George Washington. He set up in business as an apothecary and physician. It was here, in 1761, that he joined Fredericksburg Lodge No. 4, in which Washington had been a Mason. He later served as master of the lodge. He became a colonel of the 3rd Virginia Regiment at the outbreak of the revolution, and at Washington's request was made brigadier general in June of 1776. His field of operations was largely in N.J., protecting the countryside against forays by the British. He was at the Battle of Trenton on Dec. 26, 1776, and a few days later at the Battle of Princeton. Here, in the close action at the bridge over Stony Brook, he was wounded, surrounded, and clubbed. He suffered seven bayonet wounds in a hand-to-hand fight and was left on the field for dead. He was taken to a nearby farmhouse, and died on Jan. 12, 1777, nine days after the battle. Counties in Kentucky and Missouri have been named in his honor.

James Mercer (1736-1793) American Revolutionary leader. b. Feb. 26, 1736 in Stafford Co., Va. He served in the French and Indian War. When 36 he was elected to the Virginia house of burgesses, serving from

1762-66. He was a member of the Continental Congress in 1779-80. Educated at William and Mary (Va.), he here formed a friendship with another student, John Blair, q.v. Blair became the first grand master of Virginia and Mercer the second. He also succeeded Blair on the Virginia court of appeals when Blair became a member of the U.S. supreme court. Mercer served on the Virginia general court from 1779-89, and was a member of the first Virginia court of appeals, serving from 1789-93. He was a member of Fredericksburg Lodge No. 4, Fredericksburg, Va., and in 1777 was president of a council to organize a grand lodge. In 1784 he became second grand master of the Grand Lodge of Virginia, serving until 1786. d. Oct. 31, 1793.

Edwin T. Meredith (1876-1928) U.S. Secretary of Agriculture in Wilson cabinet, 1920-21. b. Dec. 23, 1876 in Avoca, Iowa. He was the publisher of the Farmer's Tribune, Des Moines, 1896-1902, and in the latter year started Successful Farming. He was a director of the Chicago Federal Reserve Bank and Iowa Trust & Saving Bank. He was a candidate for U.S. senator in 1914, and governor of Iowa in 1916. He was the founder of the Jefferson Highway. He became a member of Capitol Lodge No. 110, Des Moines, March 12, 1907. He was a 33°, active member of the AASR (SJ), on Oct. 20, 1923.

Edwin T. Meredith, Jr. Vice President, General Manager of Meredith Publishing Co., Des Moines, Iowa. b. Feb. 10, 1906 in Des Moines, the son of Edwin T. Meredith, q.v., former secretary of Agriculture. Attended Culver Military Acad. and U. of Virginia. He has been with Meredith Publishing Co. since 1928, and vice president since 1935. He is president of the Meredith Syracuse TV Corp., Phoenix Broadcasting Co., WTO-TV, :-..maha. A director in several banksand companies. Member of Capitol Lodge No. 110, Des Moines, Iowa, receiving degrees on Dec. 23, 28, 31, 1927. 32° AASR (SJ) .

Solomon Meredith (1810-1875) Union Major General in Civil War. b. May 29, 1810 in Guilford Co., N. Car. Moved to Wayne Co., Ind. at age of 19, and worked as a laborer to earn enough to educate himself. Was sheriff in 1834, and 1836, member of state legislature, 1846-48, and 1854. Became colonel of the 10th Indiana Regiment in July, 1861. He was wounded at Gainesville when the regiment lost half its men. Promoted brigadier general of volunteers in 1862, his command was known as the "iron brigade." It forced a crossing of the Rappahannock in April, 1863, took part in the Battle of Chancellorsville, and opened the Battle of Gettysburg, where Meredith was wounded again. He later commanded posts at Cairo, Ill. and Paducah, Ky. He was brevetted major general in 1865. In 186769 he was surveyor general of Montana, and then retired to his farm near Cambridge City, Ind. His three sons served in the Civil War, and two of them lost their lives. He was a member of Cambridge Lodge No. 105, Cambridge City, Ind. d. Oct. 21, 1875.

Frank F. Merriam (?-1955) Former Governor of California. Affiliated with Seaside Lodge No. 504, Long Beach, Calif. on Aug. 6, 1935 from Rising Sun Lodge No. 187 of Iowa. Member of Searchlight Chapter, R.A.M. No. 133 and Jinnistan Grotto No. 76 of Calif.

Pliny Merrick (1794-1867) Judge of Massachusetts Supreme Court, 1853-64. He was a "seceding" Mason during the Anti-Masonic period. b. Aug. 2, 1794 in Brookfield, Mass. Graduate of Harvard in 1814. Practiced law in Worcester and Bristol counties. He received the degrees in King David Lodge, Taunton, Mass. in

1821 and affiliated with Morning Star Lodge, Worcester, Mass. on June 25, 1825. He was also a member of Adoniram Chapter, R.A.M. of New Bedford, Mass. at one time. He became a bitter Anti-Mason and was expelled. d. in 1867.

Edward F. Merrill Chief Justice, Supreme Judicial Court of Maine, 1953-54. b. April 11, 1883 in Skowhegan, Maine. Graduate of Bowdoin Coll. in 1903, and of Harvard in 1906. He practiced law in Skowhegan, Maine from 1906-45. From 1945-48 he was associate justice of the superior court of Maine, and associate justice of supreme judicial court from 1948, retiring in 1955. Raised in Somerset Lodge No. 34, Skowhegan, Maine in Dec. 1906. Member of Somerset Chapter, R.A.M., Mt. Moriah Council, R. & S.M. and DeMolay Commandery, K.T., all of Skowhegan and has served as head of lodge, chapter, council and commandery. 33° AASR (NJ) at Portland and member of Kora Shrine Temple.

Frank S. Merrill Grand Secretary General, Supreme Council Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, A.A.S.R. b. Dec. 27, 1897 in Concord, N.H. An accountant by profession, he served the city of Concord as deputy and acting city treasurer; accountant for the state of N.H.; deputy state treasurer; and assistant to the legislative budget assistant. He served in the U.S. Navy in WWII in both the Atlantic and Pacific areas. Raised in Eureka Lodge No. 70, Concord, N.H., June 3, 1920. Received 32° AASR (NJ) in Valley of Concord in March, 1922, and became member of the New Hampshire Consistory at Nashua in April of that year. He is past commander-in-chief of that consistory. Received 33° honorary on Sept. 28, 1949 and made active member, Sept. 25, 1957. Member of Trinity Chapter No. 2, R.A.M.; Horace Chase Council No. 4, R. & S.M. and Mount Horeb Commandery, K.T.

John B. Merrill (1910-1955) Vice President of Sylvania Electric Products, Inc. from 1950, and vice president, operations, of tungsten and chemical, atomic energy and electronics divisions from 1954. b. June 16, 1910 in Cumberland Center, Maine. Graduate of Bowdoin Coll. in 1933 and Mass. Institute of Tech. in 1936. Began with Patterson Screen Co. of Towanda, Pa. in 1936 in research. He was superintendent of fluorescent powder plant in 1940, until it was purchased by Sylvania in 1941. Member of Union Lodge No. 108, Towanda, Pa., receiving degrees on May 20, July 17 and Sept. 16, 1942. d. Oct. 6, 1955.

Samuel Merrill (1822-1899) Seventh Governor of Iowa, 1868-72. b. Aug. 7, 1822 in Turner, Maine. Lived in Maine until 21 when he visited the South where he taught school, but returned to Maine to farm. Within a short time he removed to Tamworth, N.H. where he engaged in the mercantile business with his brother. He was twice elected to the N.H. state legislature. In 1856 he moved to McGregor, Iowa and engaged in the mercantile business as a branch of the Tamworth concern. In 1861 he sold the business and became an officer in the McGregor Branch Bank. Was commissioned colonel with the 21st Iowa Infantry in 1862. Was forced to resign his commission because of wounds received in the Battle of Big Black River Bridge. As governor he promulgated insurance company reforms and supported the public schools, protected sale of public school lands and secured aid for Iowa State College. After his retirement from political life in 1872, he was president of the Citizens' National Bank of Des Moines. In 1876 he was president of the Iowa Loan and Trust Co. and became active in real estate. In 1897 he retired from business and lived thereafter at Los Angeles, Calif. A member

196 Fred W. Messmore of Capital Lodge No. 110, Des Moines, he received his degrees on March 22, 24, and 29, 1870. He was a member for 22 years, dimitting on May 10, 1892. d. Aug. 30, 1899.

William L. Merry (1842-1911) Promoter of the Nicaraguan Canal, and U.S. Minister to Nicaragua, San Salvador, and Costa Rica. b. Dec. 27, 1842 in New York. Went to sea and became a commander of steamships on Atlantic and Pacific oceans. He resigned from the Pacific Mail Steamship Co. in 1874, and established residence at San Francisco. Was general agent for steamship companies on the Nicaraguan Isthmus for three years, and another year as agent of the U.S. Mail Steamship Co. on the Panama Isthmus. He was later president of the North American Navigation Co. Merry was consul general for Nicaragua on the Pacific Coast of the U.S. and from 1897-1907 was U.S. minister (E.E. & M.P.) to Nicaragua, San Salvador, and Costa Rica. From 1908 he was minister to Costa Rica. He was active and influential in the support of the Nicaraguan Canal, of increased naval force, and of maritime development of the Pacific coast ports. Member of Oriental Lodge No. 144, San Francisco, Calif. d. 1911.

Charles H. Merz (1861-1947) Physician and Masonic editor. b. Nov. 7, 1861 in Oxford, Ohio. He published t h e Sandusky Masonic Bulletin (Ohio) as a hobby. An outstanding Masonic scholar, he was the author of several Masonic books. He was a member of Science Lodge No. 50, Sandusky, and past master of same. Also member of Sandusky City Chapter No. 72, R.A.M.; Sandusky City Council No. 26, R. & S.M., and Erie Commandery No. 23, K.T., as well as the Scottish Rite. d. Oct. 14, 1947.

Jean F. T. Merzdorf (1812-1877) German Masonic author. He was initiated in Apollo Lodge at Leipsic in1834. He resuscitated the Lodge Zum Goldenen Hirsch at Oldenburg and served for many years as its deputy master. He published Die Denkmunzen der Freimaurer Bruderschaft; Die Symbole die Gesetzd, die Geschichte, der Zweck der Masonei Schliessen Keine Religion von Dersalben aus; Friemaurer Bruderschaft im Schott-land; Lessing's, q.v., Ernest and Falk, and several other works.

Friedrich Anton Mesmer (17341815) Austrian physician after whom "mesmerism" was named. b. in Suabia in 1734, he studied medicine at Vienna. He made experiments on the supposed curative power of the magnet, and his studies led him to believe that some kind of occult force resided in himself, from which he developed the theory of animal magnetism. He went to Paris in 1778 where he devoted himself to curing diseases. It was while in France that he became a member of Philadelphia Lodge at Norbonne, and became involved with the famous charlatan, Cagliostro, q.v., to some extent. The latter used the magnetic operations of Mesmer's new science in his initiations. Mesmer established a society in France which he called the Order of Universal Harmony. It was based on the principles of animal magnetism and had a form of initiation by which the founder claimed that its initiates were purified and rendered more fit to propagate the doctrines of his science. French writers have called this society "Mesmeric Freemasonry." His seances were investigated by a commission of physicians and scientists appointed by the French government and he was denounced as an imposter. He died in obscurity.

Fred W. Messmore Associate Justice, Supreme Court of Nebraska since 1937. b. July 11, 1890 in Boone, Iowa. Graduate of Creighton U. in 1912. Admitted to bar in 1913, and practiced at Beatrice, Nebr. He has served as

197 Victor H. Metcalf county attorney, county judge, and district judge. In WWI he served in the U.S. Army as a private and is a lieutenant colonel in the Judge Advocate General Dept., O.R.C. Received degrees in Beatrice Lodge No. 26, Beatrice, Nebr. on Feb. 1, March 5, 29, 1915.

Victor H. Metcalf (1853-1936) U.S. Secretary of Commerce and Labor, 1904-06; U.S. Secretary of Navy, 190608 in cabinet of Theodore Roosevelt, q.v. b. Oct. 10, 1853 in Utica, N.Y. Graduate of Utica Free Academy, 1871, Russell's Military Academy (Conn.), 1872, and Yale U., 1876. Admitted to the bar in 1876, he practiced at Utica, N.Y. from 1876-79, and at Oakland, Calif., 1879-1904. He was a member of the 56th through 58th congresses (1899-1904) from the 3rd Calif. dist. He resigned from congress, July 1, 1904, to become secretary of Commerce and Labor. Member of Live Oak Lodge No. 61, Oakland, Calif. d. Feb. 20, 1936.

Thomas Metcalfe (1780-1855) Governor of Kentucky, 1829-33; U.S. Congressman from Kentucky, 1819-28; U.S. Senator from Kentucky, 1848-49. b. March 20, 1780 in Fauquier Co., Va. of poor parents who emigrated to Ky. and settled in Fayette Co. He had but a few months of schooling and worked as a stone-cutter. In later years he delighted in the nickname "Old Stone Hammer." He served in the War of 1812 as a captain, and commanded a company at the Battle of Fort Meigs. While he was absent on this campaign, he was elected to the state legislature, where he served three years. He was a member of the state senate in 1834. He was a friend and follower of Henry Clay, q.v. Member and one-time secretary of Nicholas Lodge No. 65, Carlisle, Ky. d. Aug. 18, 1855.

Frederick Henry Paul, 2nd Lord Methuen Provincial Grand Master of Wiltshire, England from 1853-1891.

The town of Methuen, Mass. is named for this family. He built the present ancestral residence of Corsham Court, Wiltshire, with its magnificant grounds that were laid out by the famous landscape gardener, Capability Brown. One wing contains a fine art gallery, and the present 4th Baron Methuen, q.v., himself a member of the Royal Academy, has turned this wing over to the training of art teachers.

Paul Sanford, 3rd Baron Methuen (1845-1932) British Field Marshal who was commander-in-chief in the South African War of 1907-09. He served in the Ashanti War of 1874; the Egyptian War of 1882, and the Boer War of 1899-1902. In the latter named conflict, he commanded the 1st division of the 1st army corps and was defeated by Cronje at Magersfontein and in 1902 taken prisoner by De La Rey. He was governor of Natal in 1909, governor of Malta from 1915-19, and governor and constable of the Tower in 1920. He was an art connoisseur and was described by English periodicals as a "keen" Freemason.

Paul Aysford, 4th Baron Methuen Son of Field Marshal and 3rd Baron Methuen, whom he succeeded as fourth of line on his father's death in 1932. Educated at Eton, he went to New College, Oxford. From 191014 he was assistant curator of the Transvaal Museum at Pretoria. Served in WWI from 1914-19 as a lieutenant with the Scots Guards, seeing active service in France. In WWII he was again in active service as a major with the Scots Guards, and at the time of the Normandy landing, he was in charge of the care of monuments and works of art to ensure their preservation. A skilled artist and painter in water colors and oil, he is an associate of the Royal Academy, and trustee of both the National Gallery and the Tate Gallery of Art. His ancestral

198 Albert A. Michelson home of Corsham Court, Wiltshire, has been turned over as a residential training center for art teachers, the family now occupying only one wing. This home was built by the 2nd Lord Methuen, q.v. The 4th Baron Methuen has been provincial grand master for Wiltshire since 1939.

Thorvald Meyer (1818-1909) Norwegian capitalist and one of the richest men in Norway. He contributed to a number of major foundations and presented the Grand Lodge of Norway with the site of its building. He was known as "the first citizen of the City of Oslo." He was designated as grand master of the Grand Lodge of Norway at one time, but declined. He was K.C. of the Order of King Charles XIII.

Giacomo Meyerbeer (1791-1864) German opera composer. Real name was Jakob Liebmann Beer. b. in Berlin. He was a pianist in Vienna, and later in Italy, where he composed Italian operas in Rossini's style. When he settled in Paris about 1826 he composed in the French style. In 1842 he was general music director of the Berlin Opera. His operas include II Crociato in Egitto; Robert le Diable; Les Huguenots; Das Feldlager in Schlesien; Le Prophete; Dinorah and L'Africaine. He also composed cantatas, overtures, orchestral marches, and ceremonial music. Member of the French Lodge Les Freres Unis Inseparables.

Milton L. Meyers (1872-1959) General Grand Master, General Grand Council, R. & S.M., 1951-54. b. April 15, 1872 in Glennville, Calif. Moved with family to Salem, Oreg. in 1880, where he was a successful merchant for 30 years. Retired. Raised in Pacific Lodge No. 50, Sept. 4, 1894, master in 1906, and grand master in 1929. Exalted in Multnomah Chapter No. 1, R.A.M. Nov. 5, 1894, was high priest in 1899, and grand high priestin 1931. Greeted in Hodson Council No. 1, R. & S.M., Sept. 28, 1901, was master in 1905, and grand master in 1913. Knighted in DeMolay Commandery No. 5, K.T., June 10, 1895, was commander in 1903, and grand commander in 1922. Received 32° AASR (SJ) on June 14, 1908, K.C.C.H. in 1942, and 33° on Nov. 29, 1947. Received K.Y.C.H. in Sir Galahad Priory No. 7 of Nebraska in Nov., 1950. Member of Al Kader Shrine Temple from 1895; Past Grand Sovereign, Red Cross of Constantine. d. Feb. 16, 1959.

M. Alfred Michaelson (1878-1949) U.S. Congressman to 67th through 71st Congresses, 1921-31, from 7th III. dist. b. Sept. 7, 1878 in Kristiansand, Norway. He was brought to the U.S. at the age of seven, and educated in the public schools of Chicago. He was a public school teacher in Chicago from 1898-1914. Was a member of the Chicago city council, Illinois constitutional convention of 1920, and chairman of board of Madison and Kedzie State Bank. Mason and Shriner. d. Oct. 26, 1949.

Albert A. Michelson (1852-1931) Scientist and Nobel prize winner. b. Dec. 19, 1852 in Strelno, Germany. Graduate of U.S. Naval Academy in 1873, and later attended U. of Berlin, U. of Heidelberg, College de France, and Ecole Polytechnique. He was an instructor in physics and chemistry at the U.S. Naval Academy from 187579. Served as professor of physics at Case School of Applied Science, 188389; at Clark U., 1889-92; and U. of Chicago, 1892-1929. Was also exchange professor and lecturer at several European universities. In 1907 he received the Nobel Prize for physics, worth $40,000. He was the author of Velocity of Light and Light Waves and Their Uses. He received his degrees in Washington Lodge No. 21, N.Y.C., Aug. 18, 1874, Dec. 31, 1875, and Jan. 21, 1876. At the time of his initiation he was a midshipman sta-

Manuel Micheltorena Mexican Governor of California under Mexican rule, from 1842. He received little financial support from Mexico and his soldiers were forced to steal from citizens to support themselves. After a "battle" near Los Angeles, he was forced to resign and depart for Mexico. The trip was made on a ship whose captain was John Paty, q.v. William H. Davis, one of the petitioners to the grand lodge for a dispensation for San Diego Lodge No. 35, in relating the story of this voyage says in his Sixty Years in California: "General Micheltorena and Captain Paty were Brother Masons and they played chess every night on board ship." Micheltorena was considered a gentlemen by the Californians and made many friends among them. Lack of support from his homeland and Mexican politicians who were jealous of him forced his resignation.

Earl C. Michener (1876-1957) U.S. Congressman, 66th through 72nd and 74th through 81st Congresses, 1919-33 and 1935-51, from 2nd Mich. dist. b. Nov. 30, 1876 at Attica, Ohio. Graduate of Columbia U. in 1903. Practiced law at Adrian, Mich. from 1903. Served as a private in the Spanish American War. Member of Adrian Lodge No. 19, Adrian, Mich., receiving degrees on Jan. 25, March 9, and April 9, 1911. d. July 6, 1957.

George T. Mickelson Governor of South Dakota, 1947-51; Federal Judge in South Dakota from 1953. b. July 23, 1903 at Selby, S. Dak. Graduate of U. of South Dakota in 1927, and engaged in practice of law from that date. Has served as state's attorney, state representatives, speaker of the house, and attorney general of the state. Member of Selby Lodge No. 133, Selby, S. Dak., and of Oriental Con-sistory (April, 1947) at Yankton. Is past grand patron of the Eastern Star.

Peter P. Mickelson President of Western State College of Colorado since 1946. b. May 27, 1904 in Tracy, Minn. Graduate of state Teachers Coll., Maysville, N. Dak. in 1935; U. of Colorado in 1939 and 1941. He taught rural schools in N. Dak. from 1921-24, and was principal of schools from 1924-30. He was then superintendent of schools in Brocket, N. Dak. (1930-36); supervisor of State Teachers Coll. Mayville (1936-39); director of secondary education and state superintendent of public instruction at Denver, Colo. in 1941. He was president of the Trinidad (Colo.) State Junior Coll. from 1941-46. Member of Gunnison Lodge No. 39, Gunnison, Colo. and 32° AASR (SJ) at Grand Junction, Colo.

Claude B. Mickelwait Major General, U.S. Army. b. July 29, 1894 in Glenwood, Iowa. Graduate of U. of Idaho in 1916, and U. of California in 1935. Admitted to Calif. bar in 1935. Was commissioned first lieutenant of Infantry in 1917, and rose through grades to major general in 1954. Has been with the Judge Advocate General Dept. since 1935; chief of military affairs division, 1941-42; judge advocate of Western Task Force, 1942; of Fifth Army, 1943-44; 12th Army Group, 1944-45; deputy theater judge advocate, E.T.O., 1945-46; theater judge advocate, 1946-47; assistant judge advocate general since 1954. Member of Orland Lodge No. 265, Orland, Calif.

Henry A. Middleton Judge, Supreme Court of Ohio, 1950-54. b. July 19, 1888 in Urbana, Ohio. Studied at Boston U. and Ohio State U. Admitted to Ohio bar in 1911, practiced at Columbus until 1917 and at Toledo until 1950, when he became a supreme court judge. He is a specialist in trial law and represented several railroads.

200 Nelson A. Miles He was general manager for the successful campaign for city manager form of government for Toledo in 1934. Served as officer in field artillery in WWI. Raised in Champaign Lodge No. 525, Urbana, Ohio in 1919 and affiliated with Sanford L. Collins Lodge No. 396, Toledo on Jan. 23, 1923. 33° AASR (NJ). Member of Ft. Meigs Chapter No. 29, R.A.M.; Toledo Council No. 33, R. & S.M.; and St. Omer Commandery No. 59, K.T. Member of Shrine, Red Cross of Constantine, and National Sojourners.

Henry J. Mike11 (1873-1942) Protestant Episcopal Bishop. b. Aug. 4, 1873 in Sumter, S. Car. Degrees from U. of the South in 1895, 1898, 1918, and from U. of Nashville in 1910. Ordained deacon in 1898 and priest in 1899. He served churches in Charleston, S. Car., 1898-1908; Nashville, Tenn. 1908-17. Was consecrated bishop of Atlanta, Nov. 1, 1917. He was chancellor of the U. of the South at Sewanee, Tenn. He affiliated with Georgia Lodge No. 96, Atlanta, Ga. on Feb. 5, 1924, evidently from a Tenn. lodge. Was a 32° AASR (SJ). d. Feb. 20, 1942.